The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation through mechanisms involving mitochondria and oscillatory Ca2+ waves

2013 ◽  
Vol 394 (12) ◽  
pp. 1607-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Bernardo ◽  
Roberta De Simone ◽  
Chiara De Nuccio ◽  
Sergio Visentin ◽  
Luisa Minghetti
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Activity ◽  
Respiratory Chain Activity

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is one of the most studied nuclear receptor since its identification as a target to treat metabolic and neurological diseases. In addition to exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, PPAR-γ agonists, such as the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone, promote the differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, PPAR-γ agonists increase OL mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and OL’s ability to respond to environmental signals with oscillatory Ca2+ waves. Both OL maturation and oscillatory Ca2+ waves are prevented by the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone and restored by PPAR-γ agonists, suggesting that PPAR-γ promotes myelination through mechanisms involving mitochondria.

scholarly journals Roscovitine, a CDK5 Inhibitor, Alleviates Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via Regulation Tau/GSK3β and ERK/PPARγ/CREB Signaling

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Liu ◽  
Junjun Yang ◽  
Yinhua Xu ◽  
Gang Guo ◽  
Li Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Ppar Γ

Background/Aims: Multiple exposures to anesthesia in children may increase the risk of developing cognitive impairment. Sevoflurane is an anesthetic that is commonly used in children during surgery. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 5 is involved in the regulation of sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction, but the mechanistic details remain unclear. The present study evaluated the mechanism by which CDK5 mediates sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. Methods: Hippocampal neurons were isolated from postnatal day 0 C57BL/6 mouse pups. Six-day-old wild-type mice were exposed to sevoflurane and then treated with the CDK5 inhibitor roscovitine. The effects on cognitive function were evaluated with the Morris water maze and neuronal damage in the hippocampus was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: CDK5 activation increased neuronal damage by inducing Tau/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β and suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ/cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling following exposure to sevoflurane. CDK5 inhibition by roscovitine administration alleviated sevoflurane-induced neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Inhibiting CDK5 with roscovitine has neuroprotective effects against neuronal injury and cognitive dysfunction caused by sevoflurane anesthesia that are exerted via modulation of Tau/GSK3β and ERK/PPARγ/CREB signaling.

scholarly journals PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA, AN EMERGING POTENTIAL TARGET TO COMBAT METABOLIC DISORDER

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Sarathi Bairy
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Ppar Γ

  Day-by-day metabolic disorder/syndrome (MS) falling in love with current lifestyle status of everyone especially after study age group of people. If we look carefully around us, we will see evidence is growing up of diabetic, obese, and hypertensive population regularly. In urgencies of above view extensive literature survey has been done prioritizing prevalence of metabolic disorder and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) as potential target protein. This review covered current status of MS emphasizing diabetes along with its management criteria. Special importance is given to PPAR-γ exploring its metabolic regulation and structural orientation for understanding ligand-protein interaction. Development of PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other pharmacodynamic importance of this nuclear receptor also discussed. Being as nuclear receptor more genomics exploitation needs to be done emphasizing minimization of cardiac adverse effect. Selective PPAR modulator (SPPRM), TZDs are the master regulator of adipogenesis and angiogenesis which makes TZD more interesting topic to explore. Developmental hierarchy suggests that in a few years from now PPAR-γ won’t be in the list of double edge sword.

scholarly journals Andrographis paniculata and Its Main Bioactive Ingredient Andrographolide Decrease Alcohol Drinking and Seeking in Rats Through Activation of Nuclear PPARγ Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stopponi ◽  
Yannick Fotio ◽  
Carlo Cifani ◽  
Hongwu Li ◽  
Carolina L Haass-Koffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Treatment Administration ◽  
Dried Extract

Abstract Background and aims Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to the Acanthaceae family. Extracts from this plant have shown hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, at least in part, through activation of the nuclear receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR γ). Recent evidence has demonstrated that activation of PPARγ reduces alcohol drinking and seeking in Marchigian Sardinian (msP) alcohol-preferring rats. Methods The present study evaluated whether A. paniculata reduces alcohol drinking and relapse in msP rats by activating PPARγ. Results Oral administration of an A. paniculata dried extract (0, 15, 150 mg/kg) lowered voluntary alcohol consumption in a dose-dependent manner and achieved ~65% reduction at the dose of 450 mg/kg. Water and food consumption were not affected by the treatment. Administration of Andrographolide (5 and 10 mg/kg), the main active component of A. paniculata, also reduced alcohol drinking. This effect was suppressed by the selective PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Subsequently, we showed that oral administration of A. paniculata (0, 150, 450 mg/kg) prevented yohimbine- but not cues-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. Conclusions Results point to A. paniculata-mediated PPARγactivation as a possible therapeutic strategy to treat alcohol use disorder.

scholarly journals Diet and PPARG2 Pro12Ala Polymorphism Interactions in Relation to Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Lieu Tran ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Gayatri Arani ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Allele Polymorphism ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Pubmed Database

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene Pro12Ala allele polymorphism (PPARG2 Pro12Ala; rs1801282) has been linked to both cancer risk and dietary factors. We conducted the first systematic literature review of studies published before December 2020 using the PubMed database to summarize the current evidence on whether dietary factors for cancer may differ by individuals carrying C (common) and/or G (minor) alleles of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism. The inclusion criteria were observational studies that investigated the association between food or nutrient consumption and risk of incident cancer stratified by PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism. From 3815 identified abstracts, nine articles (18,268 participants and 4780 cancer cases) covering three cancer sites (i.e., colon/rectum, prostate, and breast) were included. CG/GG allele carriers were more impacted by dietary factors than CC allele carriers. High levels of protective factors (e.g., carotenoids and prudent dietary patterns) were associated with a lower cancer risk, and high levels of risk factors (e.g., alcohol and refined grains) were associated with a higher cancer risk. In contrast, both CG/GG and CC allele carriers were similarly impacted by dietary fats, well-known PPAR-γ agonists. These findings highlight the complex relation between PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism, dietary factors, and cancer risk, which warrant further investigation.

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