Plasma Actin, Gelsolin and Orosomucoid Levels after Eccentric Exercise

Abstract The present study investigated the acute effect of eccentric exercise on blood plasma actin, gelsolin (GSN) and orosomucoid (AGP) levels in untrained and moderately trained individuals, and their correlation with exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) markers (CK, intensity of muscle soreness and maximal voluntary contraction torque deficit). Healthy physical education students (6 untrained, 12 moderately trained) participated in this research. Actin, GSN, AGP and CK levels were measured in blood plasma at baseline, immediately, 1 h, 6 h and 24 h post-exercise comprising 90 eccentric quadriceps contractions performed on a dynamometer. There was significant time main effect for GSN, AGP, CK and significant difference was found between baseline and the lowest value of post-exercise GSN (p < 0.05), as well as baseline and the highest value of post-exercise AGP (p < 0.05). Relationships were found between GSN levels and other indirect EIMD markers (between all GSN levels at post-exercise and CK activity at 6 h, p < 0.05; GSNMIN and muscle soreness at post-exercise, p < 0.04), GSN and AGP; however, actin did not correlate at any time points with GSN. Actin, GSN, AGP and CK responses after eccentric exercise do not seem sensitive to training status. The plasma actin level is used as an indicator of injury, however, our results suggest that it is not an accurate marker of EIMD, while plasma GSN concentrations show a better relationship with EIMD and the post-exercise inflammatory process. The elevated plasma AGP and the correlation between GSN and AGP seem to be promising for assessment of exercise-induced muscle injury.

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Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.775157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mikio Shoji ◽

Ryoichi Ema ◽

Kazunori Nosaka ◽

Akihiro Kanda ◽

Kosuke Hirata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Modulus ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Significant Group ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Recovery Group

The present study examined if the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers could be predicted by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque changes from immediately to 1 day after eccentric exercise. Twenty-eight young men performed 100 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. MVIC torque, potentiated doublet torque, voluntary activation (VA) during MVIC, shear modulus of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis and lateralis, and muscle soreness of these muscles were measured before, immediately after, and 1–3 days post-exercise. Based on the recovery rate of the MVIC torque from immediately to 1-day post-exercise, the participants were placed to a recovery group that showed an increase in the MVIC torque (11.3–79.9%, n = 15) or a no-recovery group that showed no recovery (−71.9 to 0%, n = 13). No significant difference in MVIC torque decrease immediately post-exercise was found between the recovery (−33 ± 12%) and no-recovery (−32 ± 9%) groups. At 1–3 days, changes in MVIC torque (−40 to −26% vs. −22 to −12%), potentiated doublet torque (−37 to −22% vs. −20 to −9%), and proximal RF shear modulus (29–34% vs. 8–15%) were greater (p < 0.05) for the no-recovery than recovery group. No significant group differences were found for muscle soreness. The recovery rate of MVIC torque was correlated (p < 0.05) with the change in MVIC torque from baseline to 2 (r = 0.624) or 3 days post-exercise (r = 0.526), or peak change in potentiated doublet torque at 1–3 days post-exercise from baseline (r = 0.691), but not correlated with the changes in other dependent variables. These results suggest that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicts changes in neuromuscular function but not muscle soreness and stiffness following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.

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The effect of essential oil of rosemary on eccentric exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness in non-active women

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep190034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Rezaee ◽

R. Hajiaghaee ◽

K. Azizbeigi ◽

S. Rahmati-Ahmadabad ◽

M. Helalizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Damage Indicator ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Measure Analysis ◽

Repeated Measure Analysis ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Rosemary Essential Oil

Muscle soreness is a problem associated with physical activities. Recently, the medicinal herbs are strategies to prevent muscle soreness. The present study aims were to determine the effect of rosemary essential oil on the responses of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase (CK), lymphocytes, neutrophils, muscle swelling (MS) and muscle pain (MP) following eccentric leg curl exercise in non-active women. 24 non-active females voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned into three groups: rosemary dose 1 (RD1) (n=8; 0.25 ml), rosemary dose 2 (RD2) (n=8; 0.5 ml) and placebo (n=8; 0.5 ml olive oil). Participants in supplement groups consumed the desire amounts of rosemary essential oil every 8 h per day for 14 days. Then, the eccentric leg curl exercise was performed. The supplementation continued until 72 h after exercise. The serum variables, as well as, MS and MP were measured before, 24, 48 and 72 h after exercise. Data were analysed using repeated measure analysis of variance and P≤0.05 considered as significant. The results showed that rosemary significantly decreases CK in RD2 compared with placebo and RD1 48 h after exercise. There was no other significant difference in other serum variables. In conclusion, the present study showed a beneficial effect of rosemary on 48-h post-exercise serum CK concentration (a muscle damage indicator).

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Effect of Post-Exercise Yoga Poses on Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Soreness, Pain, and Activities of Daily Living

International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences ◽

10.13189/saj.2021.090103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

Chakravarthy Marx Sadacharan

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Daily Living ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Exercise Induced

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No Effect of Tart Cherry Juice or Pomegranate Juice on Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Non-Resistance Trained Men

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071593 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1593 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kirstie L. Lamb ◽

Mayur K. Ranchordas ◽

Elizabeth Johnson ◽

Jessica Denning ◽

Faye Downing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Pomegranate Juice ◽

Elbow Flexors ◽

Tart Cherry ◽

Double Blind ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Cherry Juice ◽

Exercise Induced

Tart cherry juice (TC) and pomegranate juice (POM) have been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), but their effectiveness has not been compared. This randomized, double-blind, parallel study compared the effects of TC and POM on markers of EIMD. Thirty-six non-resistance trained men (age 24.0 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 22.0, 33.0) years, body mass index (BMI) 25.6 ± 4.0 kg·m−2) were randomly allocated to consume 2 × 250 mL of: TC, POM, or an energy-matched fruit-flavored placebo drink twice daily for nine days. On day 5, participants undertook eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors of their non-dominant arm. Pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h post-exercise, maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), creatine kinase (CK), and range of motion (ROM) were measured. The exercise protocol induced significant decreases in MIVC (p < 0.001; max decrease of 26.8%, 24 h post-exercise) and ROM (p = 0.001; max decrease of 6.8%, 72 h post-exercise) and significant increases in CK (p = 0.03; max increase 1385 U·L−1, 96 h post-exercise) and DOMS (p < 0.001; max increase of 26.9 mm, 48 h post-exercise). However, there were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups (main effect of group p > 0.05 or group x time interaction p > 0.05). These data suggest that in non-resistance trained men, neither TC nor POM enhance recovery from high-force eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.

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Ketone Monoester Supplementation Does Not Expedite the Recovery of Indices of Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.607299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick W. Martin-Arrowsmith ◽

Jamie Lov ◽

Jiaying Dai ◽

José A. Morais ◽

Tyler A. Churchward-Venne

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Muscle Performance ◽

Double Blind ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Drop Jumps

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketone monoester supplement on indices of muscle damage during recovery after eccentric exercise.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, independent group design, 20 moderately active healthy young adults consumed 360 mg per kg−1 bodyweight of a ketone monoester (KET) or energy-matched carbohydrate (CON) supplement twice daily following eccentric exercise (drop jumps). Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) torque, counter-movement jump (CMJ) height, and muscle soreness were measured before (PRE), and immediately (POST), 24 h and 48 h post-exercise. Blood samples were collected for analysis of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), creatine kinase (CK), and select pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Results: Peak blood β-OHB concentration after supplement intake was greater (P < 0.001) in KET (4.4 ± 0.8 mM) vs. CON (0.4 ± 0.3 mM). Exercise increased CK concentration at 24 h and 48 h vs. PRE (time: P < 0.001) with no difference between KET and CON. Exercise reduced MIVC (KET: −19.9 ± 14.6; CON: −22.6 ± 11.1%) and CMJ (KET: −11.0 ± 7.5; CON: −13.0 ± 8.7%) at POST relative PRE; however, there was no difference between KET and CON on the recovery of MIVC at 24 h (KET: −15.4 ± 20.4; CON: −18.7 ± 20.1%) or 48 h (KET: −7.2 ± 21.2; CON: −11.8 ± 20.2%), or CMJ at 24 h (KET: −9.2 ± 11.5; CON: −13.4 ± 10.8) or 48 h (KET: −12.5 ± 12.4; CON: −9.1 ± 11.7). Muscle soreness was increased during post-exercise recovery (time: P < 0.001) with no differences between KET and CON. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was greater (group: P = 0.007) in CON (236 ± 11 pg/mL) vs. KET (187 ± 11 pg/mL).Conclusion: In conclusion, twice daily ingestion of a ketone monoester supplement that acutely elevates blood β-OHB concentration does not enhance the recovery of muscle performance or reduce muscle soreness following eccentric exercise in moderately active, healthy young adults.

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Cardio-respiratory and biochemical responses of military training event at Jungle environment

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i4.33923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 15-23

Author(s):

Angad Yadav ◽

Tirthankar Chatterjee ◽

Debojyoti Bhattacharyya ◽

Somnath Singh ◽

Madhusudan Pal

Keyword(s):

Core Body Temperature ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Military Training ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Training Event ◽

Training Activities ◽

Exercise Induced

Background: In military environment, soldiers regularly practice or undergo different types of extreme training activities. However, globally the literatures available on the physiological and biochemical demand of different extreme military training activities are very scanty and less reported. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to quantify the cardio-respiratory and biochemical responses of military training event in jungle environment. Materials and Methods: Mathew’s Mad Mile (MMM) activity is a type of specialized run of 1.5 mile in jungle environment. This training activity was conducted on rugged jungle terrain comprised of undulated uphill, downhill, muddy surface. Twenty-five SHAPE-1 healthy soldiers were volunteered into training event. Cardiorespiratory data was recorded continuously throughout the event and venous blood sample was drawn before and immediately after completion of the event. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference observed in heart rate and breathing rate while core body temperature was significantly (p = 0.02) higher in slow finisher as compared to fast finisher. In fast finisher, post exercise level of BDNF, BNP, SDH, cortisol and UCP1 increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas, BHB (p<0.01) decreased significantly in comparison to pre-exercise. In slow finishers, post exercise level of cortisol, KYNA and UCP1 increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas, BDNF, BNP and SDH decreased significantly (p<0.05), in comparison to pre-exercise. Conclusion: The outcome of this study indicated that the slow finishers were more susceptible to risk of injury due to higher exercise induced thermogenesis and mental stress in comparison to fast finisher.

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