scholarly journals Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Shoji ◽  
Ryoichi Ema ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Akihiro Kanda ◽  
Kosuke Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Group

The present study examined if the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers could be predicted by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque changes from immediately to 1 day after eccentric exercise. Twenty-eight young men performed 100 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. MVIC torque, potentiated doublet torque, voluntary activation (VA) during MVIC, shear modulus of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis and lateralis, and muscle soreness of these muscles were measured before, immediately after, and 1–3 days post-exercise. Based on the recovery rate of the MVIC torque from immediately to 1-day post-exercise, the participants were placed to a recovery group that showed an increase in the MVIC torque (11.3–79.9%, n = 15) or a no-recovery group that showed no recovery (−71.9 to 0%, n = 13). No significant difference in MVIC torque decrease immediately post-exercise was found between the recovery (−33 ± 12%) and no-recovery (−32 ± 9%) groups. At 1–3 days, changes in MVIC torque (−40 to −26% vs. −22 to −12%), potentiated doublet torque (−37 to −22% vs. −20 to −9%), and proximal RF shear modulus (29–34% vs. 8–15%) were greater (p < 0.05) for the no-recovery than recovery group. No significant group differences were found for muscle soreness. The recovery rate of MVIC torque was correlated (p < 0.05) with the change in MVIC torque from baseline to 2 (r = 0.624) or 3 days post-exercise (r = 0.526), or peak change in potentiated doublet torque at 1–3 days post-exercise from baseline (r = 0.691), but not correlated with the changes in other dependent variables. These results suggest that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicts changes in neuromuscular function but not muscle soreness and stiffness following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.

scholarly journals Regional Differences of Mechanical Properties in a Biceps Brachii Following Eccentric Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Choun-sub Kim ◽  
Maeng-kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regional Muscle

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of eccentric exercise (ECC) on the indices of mechanical properties together with markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in different sites of the biceps brachii (BB) muscle.METHODS: ECC using an elbow joint was performed in 13 non-trained, college men. Global symptoms of EIMD were identified through changes in muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, including muscle function following ECC. To evaluate regional EIMD, muscle swelling and tenderness as well as muscular echo intensity were measured at distal (4 cm above the elbow joint) and middle (30% of the distance from the antecubital crease to the acromion) sites within the BB muscle. A handheld myotonometer was used to estimate changes in mechanical properties, that is, oscillation frequency (F), dynamic stiffness (S), and relaxation time (R), of BB muscles after ECC.RESULTS: A significant difference in the major markers of EIMD, such as muscle soreness and serum CK activity, along with parameters of muscle function, was observed after ECC compared to baseline. Although all indirect markers of regional muscle damage demonstrated meaningful differences between before and after ECC, no statistically significant interaction between the distal and middle sites was observed in any of the markers. After ECC, both distal and middle sites showed significant changes in F, S, and R, but no statistical differences in changes in muscle mechanical properties were observed between localized muscle sites within BB muscles.CONCLUSIONS: Changes in mechanical properties, including regional muscle damage, seem to be uniformly influenced by different anatomical locations within the BB muscle, such as elbow flexors, following ECC.

scholarly journals Effect of Body Fat Percentage on Muscle Damage Induced by High-Intensity Eccentric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3476
Author(s):  
Eun-Jung Yoon ◽  
Jooyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to investigate the impact of percent body fat (%BF) on muscle damage after high-intensity eccentric exercise. Thirty healthy male undergraduates (mean age: 22.0 ± 2 years, height: 176.9 ± 5 cm, weight: 75.8 ± 11.6 kg) participated in this study, and they were classified according to their %BF into a high %fat group (HFG, ≥20%, n = 15) and a low %fat group (LFG, ≤15%, n = 15). For eccentric exercise, two sets of 25 reps were performed on a modified preacher curl machine using the elbow flexor muscle. Maximal isometric strength, muscle soreness (passive and active), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) were measured as indices of muscle damage. The data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. The results show that there is a significant group–time interaction for both CK and Mb after eccentric exercise (p = 0.007, p = 0.015, respectively), with a greater increase in the HFG than in the LFG. However, there was no significant group–time interaction for maximal isometric strength and muscle soreness (passive and active) (p > 0.05). These results suggest that %BF is a factor that alters the muscle damage indices CK and Mb, which indicate membrane disruption, after eccentric exercise.

Short-Term β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation Does Not Reduce Symptoms of Eccentric Muscle Damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Paddon-Jones ◽  
Andrew Keech ◽  
David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Eccentric Muscle Damage

Purpose:We examined the effects of short-term β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on symptoms of muscle damage following an acute bout of eccentric exercise.Methods:Non-resistance trained subjects were randomly assigned to a HMB supplement group (HMB, 40mg/kg body weight/day, n = 8) or placebo group (CON, n = 9). Supplementation commenced 6 days prior to a bout of 24 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors and continued throughout post-testing. Muscle soreness, upper arm girth, and torque measures were assessed pre-exercise, 15 min post-exercise, and 1,2,3, 4,7, and 10 days post-exercise.Results:No pre-test differences between HMB and CON groups were identified, and both performed a similar amount of eccentric work during the main eccentric exercise bout (p > .05). HMB supplementation had no effect on swelling, muscle soreness, or torque following the damaging eccentric exercise bout (p > .05).Conclusion:Compared to a placebo condition, short-term supplementation with 40mg/kg body weight/day of HMB had no beneficial effect on a range of symptoms associated with eccentric muscle damage. If HMB can produce an ergogenic response, a longer pre-exercise supplementation period may be necessary.

scholarly journals Altered Drop Jump Landing Biomechanics Following Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Themistoklis Tsatalas ◽  
Evangeli Karampina ◽  
Minas A. Mina ◽  
Dimitrios A. Patikas ◽  
Vasiliki C. Laschou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Landing Biomechanics ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Limited research exists in the literature regarding the biomechanics of the jump-landing sequence in individuals that experience symptoms of muscle damage. The present study investigated the effects of knee localized muscle damage on sagittal plane landing biomechanics during drop vertical jump (DVJ). Thirteen regional level athletes performed five sets of 15 maximal eccentric voluntary contractions of the knee extensors of both legs at 60°/s. Pelvic and lower body kinematics and kinetics were measured pre- and 48 h post-eccentric exercise. The examination of muscle damage indicators included isometric torque, muscle soreness, and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity. The results revealed that all indicators changed significantly following eccentric exercise (p < 0.05). Peak knee and hip joint flexion as well as peak anterior pelvic tilt significantly increased, whereas vertical ground reaction force (GRF), internal knee extension moment, and knee joint stiffness significantly decreased during landing (p < 0.05). Therefore, the participants displayed a softer landing pattern following knee-localized eccentric exercise while being in a muscle-damaged state. This observation provides new insights on how the DVJ landing kinematics and kinetics alter to compensate the impaired function of the knee extensors following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and residual muscle soreness 48 h post-exercise.

scholarly journals Effects of Individualized Ischemic Preconditioning on Protection Against Eccentric Exercise–Induced Muscle Damage: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812199541
Author(s):  
Mikhail Santos Cerqueira ◽  
Daniel Kovacs ◽  
Ingrid Martins de França ◽  
Rafael Pereira ◽  
Sinval Bezerra da Nobrega Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Exercise Induced

Background: The effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) versus a deceptive sham protocol on indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) after the application of individualized occlusion pressure were examined. The goal of using a sham protocol is to control for the potential effect of placebo. Hypothesis: IPC would surpass the sham protocol in protecting against EIMD. Study Design: A randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: Thirty healthy young men were randomly assigned to an eccentric exercise for the knee extensor muscles preceded by IPC (4 × 5 minutes of individualized total occlusion pressure) or sham protocol (4 × 5 minutes using 20 mm Hg). Maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT), rate of torque development, muscle soreness, pressure pain threshold, knee range of motion, thigh girth, and creatine kinase (CK) activity were assessed before IPC or sham protocol and up to 72 hours after the eccentric EIMD. Affective valence and perceived exertion were also evaluated. Results: MVIT decreased 17.1% in the IPC and 18.1% in the sham groups, with no differences between groups. Differences from baseline were observed in the sham group for muscle soreness at 48 hours ( P < 0.001) and 72 hours ( P = 0.02), and for CK activity at 72 hours ( P = 0.04). Muscle soreness was reduced in the IPC group at 48 hours compared with the sham group (∆ = 15.8 mm; P = 0.008) but without achieving the minimal clinically important difference. IPC induced a smaller perceived exertion than the sham protocol (∆ = 1.1 a.u.; P = 0.02). The remaining outcomes were not statistically different in both groups. Conclusion: IPC does not surpass the sham protocol to protect against mild EIMD of the knee extensors muscles. Clinical Relevance: Although IPC is a noninvasive, low-cost, and easy-to-administer intervention, the IPC effects can, in part, be explained by the placebo effect. In addition, individualized IPC promotes attenuation in perceived exertion during eccentric exercise.

scholarly journals Plasma Actin, Gelsolin and Orosomucoid Levels after Eccentric Exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Tékus ◽  
Márk Váczi ◽  
Zoltán Horváth-Szalai ◽  
Andrea Ludány ◽  
Tamás Kőszegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Physical Education Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract The present study investigated the acute effect of eccentric exercise on blood plasma actin, gelsolin (GSN) and orosomucoid (AGP) levels in untrained and moderately trained individuals, and their correlation with exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) markers (CK, intensity of muscle soreness and maximal voluntary contraction torque deficit). Healthy physical education students (6 untrained, 12 moderately trained) participated in this research. Actin, GSN, AGP and CK levels were measured in blood plasma at baseline, immediately, 1 h, 6 h and 24 h post-exercise comprising 90 eccentric quadriceps contractions performed on a dynamometer. There was significant time main effect for GSN, AGP, CK and significant difference was found between baseline and the lowest value of post-exercise GSN (p < 0.05), as well as baseline and the highest value of post-exercise AGP (p < 0.05). Relationships were found between GSN levels and other indirect EIMD markers (between all GSN levels at post-exercise and CK activity at 6 h, p < 0.05; GSNMIN and muscle soreness at post-exercise, p < 0.04), GSN and AGP; however, actin did not correlate at any time points with GSN. Actin, GSN, AGP and CK responses after eccentric exercise do not seem sensitive to training status. The plasma actin level is used as an indicator of injury, however, our results suggest that it is not an accurate marker of EIMD, while plasma GSN concentrations show a better relationship with EIMD and the post-exercise inflammatory process. The elevated plasma AGP and the correlation between GSN and AGP seem to be promising for assessment of exercise-induced muscle injury.

scholarly journals Ketone Monoester Supplementation Does Not Expedite the Recovery of Indices of Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Martin-Arrowsmith ◽  
Jamie Lov ◽  
Jiaying Dai ◽  
José A. Morais ◽  
Tyler A. Churchward-Venne
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Drop Jumps

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketone monoester supplement on indices of muscle damage during recovery after eccentric exercise.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, independent group design, 20 moderately active healthy young adults consumed 360 mg per kg−1 bodyweight of a ketone monoester (KET) or energy-matched carbohydrate (CON) supplement twice daily following eccentric exercise (drop jumps). Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) torque, counter-movement jump (CMJ) height, and muscle soreness were measured before (PRE), and immediately (POST), 24 h and 48 h post-exercise. Blood samples were collected for analysis of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), creatine kinase (CK), and select pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Results: Peak blood β-OHB concentration after supplement intake was greater (P &lt; 0.001) in KET (4.4 ± 0.8 mM) vs. CON (0.4 ± 0.3 mM). Exercise increased CK concentration at 24 h and 48 h vs. PRE (time: P &lt; 0.001) with no difference between KET and CON. Exercise reduced MIVC (KET: −19.9 ± 14.6; CON: −22.6 ± 11.1%) and CMJ (KET: −11.0 ± 7.5; CON: −13.0 ± 8.7%) at POST relative PRE; however, there was no difference between KET and CON on the recovery of MIVC at 24 h (KET: −15.4 ± 20.4; CON: −18.7 ± 20.1%) or 48 h (KET: −7.2 ± 21.2; CON: −11.8 ± 20.2%), or CMJ at 24 h (KET: −9.2 ± 11.5; CON: −13.4 ± 10.8) or 48 h (KET: −12.5 ± 12.4; CON: −9.1 ± 11.7). Muscle soreness was increased during post-exercise recovery (time: P &lt; 0.001) with no differences between KET and CON. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was greater (group: P = 0.007) in CON (236 ± 11 pg/mL) vs. KET (187 ± 11 pg/mL).Conclusion: In conclusion, twice daily ingestion of a ketone monoester supplement that acutely elevates blood β-OHB concentration does not enhance the recovery of muscle performance or reduce muscle soreness following eccentric exercise in moderately active, healthy young adults.

Effect of Ibuprofen Use on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness of the El bow Flexors

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayd M. Grossman ◽  
Brent L. Arnold ◽  
David H. Perrin ◽  
David M. Kahler
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Significant Difference

This study evaluated the effectiveness of ibuprofen in treating delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the elbow flexors when taken prior to and following exercise. Twenty subjects received either 2,400 mg/day ibuprofen or a placebo four times per day. Subjects performed intense eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors to elicit DOMS. Concentric and eccentric peak torque production against an isokinetic resistance of 0.52 radls, range of motion at the elbow, and subjective soreness of the elbow flexors were measured. ANOVA indicated no significant group-by-time interaction for concentric peak torque, eccentric peak torque, or pain. A significant interaction was revealed for range of motion. There was a significant difference within each group's ROM but no interaction between groups. It was concluded that the use of 2,400 mg/day ibuprofen prior to and following intense eccentric exercise was no more effective than a placebo in treating DOMS of the elbow flexors.

scholarly journals The Acute Effect of Foam Rolling on Eccentrically-Induced Muscle Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Koki Yasaka ◽  
Ryosuke Kiyono ◽  
Remi Onuma ◽  
Kaoru Yahata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Foam Rolling ◽  
Function Loss ◽  
Leg Extensors

Previous studies have shown significant improvement in muscle soreness and muscle function loss after 300-s foam rolling intervention two days after intense exercise. However, this duration is assumed to be too long, so investigating the effect of short-term duration foam rolling intervention on an eccentrically-damaged muscle is needed. This study aimed to eccentrically induce muscle damage in the leg extensors, and to detect the acute effect of 90-s foam rolling on muscle soreness and muscle function of the quadriceps muscle. We enrolled 17 healthy and nonathlete male volunteers. They performed a bout of eccentric exercise of the knee extensors with the dominant leg and received 90-s foam rolling intervention of the quadriceps two days after the eccentric exercise. The dependent variables were measured before the eccentric exercise (baseline), and before (preintervention) and after foam rolling intervention (postintervention), two days after the eccentric exercise. The results show that the preintervention muscle soreness and muscle strength values were significantly increased, compared with the baseline values, whereas the postintervention values were significantly decreased, compared with the preintervention values. Furthermore, 90-s of foam rolling intervention could improve muscle soreness and muscle function loss.

Effects of omega-3 supplementation on muscle damage after resistance exercise in young women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110222
Author(s):  
Letícia Chisini Loss ◽  
Diane Benini ◽  
Felipe Xavier de Lima-e-Silva ◽  
Gabriella Berwig Möller ◽  
Luiza Rissi Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Strength Capacity

Background: Omega-3 is a nutritional strategie that have been used to recover muscles from exercise-induced muscle damage in a preventive perspective. Aim: To verify whether omega-3 (ω-3) supplementation after a session of resistance exercise facilitates muscle recovery in women undergoing a balanced diet. Methods: This clinical trial was registered under the number NCT02839525. Thirty healthy women (22.2 ± 3.3 years) participated in this double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. They were randomly distributed into ω-3 ( n=15) and placebo ( n=15) groups. They ingested ω-3 fish oil (3200 mg/day) or placebo (olive oil) at the dinner after the exercise bout (10 sets of 10 unilateral eccentric contractions in a knee extension chair), as well as at lunch for the three subsequent days. In addition, both groups followed a balanced diet along the four days. Muscle soreness and maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary contractions were assessed immediately before, and 24, 48, and 72 hours after the resistance exercise. Main findings: There was no significant group-time interaction for any outcome. Participants presented increased levels of muscle soreness and reduced muscle strength capacity along the three days after exercise. There was no difference between placebo and ω-3 groups. Conclusion: Supplementation of ω-3 fish oil for three days after resistance exercise provided no additional benefits compared to placebo supplementation on recovery of healthy young women following a balanced diet.

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