Activity Comparison of Acidic Resins in the Production of Valuable Glycerol Acetates

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Kaya Ekinci ◽  
Gamze Gündüz ◽  
Nuray Oktar
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Activity Comparison

AbstractAcetates of glycerol have been produced in a heterogeneous reaction system using acidic ion-exchange resin catalysts; Amberlyst-15 (A-15), Amberlyst-16 (A-16), Amberlyst-36 (A-36), Amberlite-IR 120 (A-IR 120) and Relite-EXC8D (R-EXC8D). Effect of reaction temperature on glycerol conversion and product (mono, di and tri glycerol acetates) selectivities were investigated via reaction experiments conducted with glycerol to acetic acid initial molar ratio (G/Ac) of 1/6. Increase in glycerol conversion with an increase in temperature was observed for all catalysts. Among the catalysts investigated, R-EXC8D exhibited the highest activity in the temperature range of 95–150°C. Reaction was completed within a 25 minute short time period.

Resin Material Used in Methyl Acrylate Hydrolysis Reaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Ping Li ◽  
Quan Huo ◽  
Cun Cun Zuo ◽  
Sha Sha Cao ◽  
Er Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Resin Catalyst ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In this work, the ion exchange resin catalyst named D072 were used in the hydrolysis of a methyl acrylate to acrylic acid and methanol firstlyand chemical equilibrium would be achieved during the process of the reversible reaction system. The influences of parameters such as dosage of catalyst, initial reactants molar ratio and reaction temperature were investigated. Meanwhile, the reusability of cation-exchange resin was studied, and no phenomenon of deactivation was found with using of reused catalyst. Moreover, the experimental data were analyzed by the pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model and the hydrolysis dynamics equation of methyl acrylate was obtained and found that the activation energy of the reaction was 118.37 KJ/mol in the presence of D072. Based on the result, high energy would be needed to the hydrolysis of methyl acrylate in using D072 resin as catalyst.

A Kinetic Study of Glycerol Esterification with Acetic Acid Over a Commercial Amberlyst-35 Ion Exchange Resin

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2325-2329
Author(s):  
Ionut Banu ◽  
Grigore Bozga ◽  
Gheorghe Bumbac ◽  
Alin Vintila ◽  
Sanda Velea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Simple Kinetic Model ◽  
Petroleum Derivatives ◽  
Glycerol Esterification ◽  
Autoclave Reactor

The increased quantities of glycerol available on the market initiated research efforts oriented to new valorization technologies, particularly by its conversion into medium tonnage chemicals, replacing petroleum derivatives. In this work it was investigated the valorization of glycerol by its transformation in glycerol acetates, by direct esterification with acetic acid, over a commercial Amberlyst-35 resin. Experiments were carried out batch-wise, in an autoclave reactor under controlled working conditions, at temperatures between 95 and 112 oC and initial acetic acid to glycerol molar ratios between 4 and 9. The experimental data evidenced that the glycerol conversion to monoacetate is faster than the next esterification steps. A relatively simple kinetic model was proposed and its parameters were evaluated from the experimental measurements. It proved reasonable predicting capacity for products distribution dependencies on the reactants molar ratio and reaction temperature.

scholarly journals Esterification of Palmitic Acid with Methanol in the Presence of Macroporous Ion Exchange Resin as Catalyst

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Qarina Yaakob and Subhash Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Amberlyst 15

The esterification of palmitic acid with methanol was studied in a batch reactor using macro porous ion exchange resin Amberlyst 15 as a catalyst. Methyl palmitate was produced from the reaction between palmitic acid and methanol in the presence of catalyst. The effects of processing parameters, molar ratio of alcohol to acid M, (4-10), catalyst loading (0-10 g cat/liter), water inhibition (0-2 mol/liter), agitator speed (200-800 rpm) and reaction temperature (343-373K) were studied. The experimental kinetic data were correlated using homogenous as well as heterogeneous models (based on single as well as dual site mechanisms). The activation energy of the reaction was 11.552 kJ/mol for forward reaction whilst 5.464 kJ/mol for backward reaction. The experimental data fitted well with the simulated data obtained from the kinetic models. Keywords: Palmitic Acid, Methanol, Esterification, Ion Exchange Resin, Kinetics.

Catalytic Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate by Ion Exchange Resin-Supported (NH4)6[MnMo9O32] • 8H2O with Waugh Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1231-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xia Wang ◽  
Shu Heng Liu ◽  
Hua Yuan ◽  
Lin Lin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Ion exchange resin-supported (NH4)6[MnMo9O32]8H2O with Waugh structure is used to prepare supported solid catalyst. Performance of this catalyst is researched by means of synthesis of isoamyl acetate. Optimal reaction conditions determined by orthogonal experiment are as follows: acid-alcohol molar ratio is 2.5:1, reaction time is 120 min, catalyst dosage is 0.8 g, dosage of water-carrying agent is 2.5 ml, esterification yield reaches 95.1%. This catalyst is characterized by high catalytic efficiency, easy separation and recovery, absence of environmental pollution and being reusable, etc.

Detoxification of Wheat Straw Formic Acid Hydrolysis and Xylitol Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 5453-5457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ping Zhuang ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
Sun Yong ◽  
Chun Sheng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Fermentation Inhibitors ◽  
Formic Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw Hydrolysate

Xylitol can be obtained from hemicelullosic fraction of lignocellulosic materials containing D-xylose. Formic acid hydrolysis is widely used in lignocellulose pretreatment. However, formic acid hydrolysis wheat straw cannot be directly used as fermentation subsequently owing to various fermentation inhibitors, especially the formic acid in reaction system and released during pretreatment. This study describes main hydrolysis components and inhibitors prepared by hydrolysis of wheat straw with formic acid solution, and different detoxification methods ware used to romve the inhibitors. Study found treatment of wheat straw hydrolysate with overliming treatment and D311 ion-exchange resin had a good result on reduction formic acid and other main inhibitors, results showed which can eliminate 94% of residual formic acid and with only 15% reducion of xylose. To verify the effectiveness of different detoxification methods, hydrolysates of detoxification werr fermented by Candida.tropicalis AS2.1776, and the results also found that the hydrolysate treatmented with overliming treatment and D311 ion-exchange resin have the hightest xylitol yield.

scholarly journals Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in Low-Boiling Solvent Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tschirner ◽  
Eric Weingart ◽  
Linda Teevs ◽  
Ulf Prüße
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Exchange Resins

A mixture of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and water was used as a new and unknown monophasic reaction solvent for fructose dehydration in order to produce HMF. HFIP is a low-boiling fluorous alcohol (b.p. 58 °C). Hence, HFIP can be recovered cost efficiently by distillation. Different ion-exchange resins were screened for the HFIP/water system in batch experiments. The best results were obtained for acidic macroporous ion-exchange resins, and high HMF yields up to 70% were achieved. The effects of various reaction conditions like initial fructose concentration, catalyst concentration, water content in HFIP, temperature and influence of the catalyst particle size were evaluated. Up to 76% HMF yield was attained at optimized reaction conditions for high initial fructose concentration of 0.5 M (90 g/L). The ion-exchange resin can simply be recovered by filtration and reused several times. This reaction system with HFIP/water as solvent and the ion-exchange resin Lewatit K2420 as catalyst shows excellent performance for HMF synthesis.

scholarly journals Solketal Production by Glycerol Acetalization Using Amberlyst-15 Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Edwin Nur Huda ◽  
Tri Sarifah Utami ◽  
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan ◽  
Suprihastuti Sri Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Stirrer Speed ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Operation Conditions

Glycerol, as a by-product of biodiesel production, has recently increased due to the rapid growth of the biodiesel industry. Glycerol utilization is needed to increase the added value of glycerol. Glycerol can be converted to solketal, which can be used as a green fuel additive to enhance an octane or cetane number. Conversion of glycerol to solketal was conducted via acetalization reaction with acetone using amberlyst-15 as the catalyst. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of some operation conditions on glycerol conversion. Furthermore, it also aimed to develop a kinetic model of solketal synthesis with amberlyst-15 resins. The experiment was conducted in a batch reactor, equipped with cooling water, thermometer, stirrer, and a water bath. The variables that have been investigated in the present work were reaction temperature, reactants molar ratio, catalyst loading, and stirrer speed for 3 hours of reaction time. Temperatures, reactants molar ratio, and stirrer speed appeared to have a significant impact on glycerol conversion, where the higher values led to higher conversion. On the other hand, in the presence of catalyst, the increase of catalyst loading has a less significant impact on glycerol conversion. The results showed that the highest glycerol conversion was 68.75%, which was obtained at 333 K, the reactant’s molar ratio was  4, the amount of catalyst was 1 wt%, and stirrer speed of 500 rpm. Based on the pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model, the resulting kinetic model suitable for this glycerol capitalization. The value of parameters k and Ea were 1.6135 108 min-1 and 62.226 kJ mol-1,respectively. The simulation model generally fits the experimental data reasonably well in the temperature range of 313-333 K.

scholarly journals Kinetic Study of Catalytic Esterification of Butyric Acid and Ethanol over Amberlyst 15

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Singh ◽  
Raj kumar ◽  
Pravin Kumar Sachan
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Homogeneous Model ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Variation Of Parameters

The esterification reaction of butyric acid with ethanol has been studied in the presence of ion exchange resin (Amberlyst 15). Ethyl butyrate was obtained as the only product which is used in flavours and fragrances. Industrially speaking, it is also one of the cheapest chemicals, which only adds to its popularity. The influences of certain parameters such as temperature, catalyst loading, initial concentration of acid and alcohols, initial concentration of water, and molar ratio were studied. Conversions were found to increase with an increase in both molar ratio and temperature. The experiments were carried out in a batch reactor in the temperature range of 328.15–348.15 K. Variation of parameters on rate of reaction demonstrated that the reaction was intrinsically controlled. Experiment kinetic data were correlated by using pseudo-homogeneous model. The activation energy for the esterification of butyric acid with ethanol is found to be 30 k J/mol.

Hydration of 2-methylbutenes on organic ion exchange resin catalysts

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Prokop ◽  
Karel Setínek
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Macroporous Resin ◽  
Equilibrium Reaction ◽  
Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The course of the hydration of a mixture of 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene in dependence on the structure of strongly acidic styrene-divinylbenzene ion exchange resin catalysts has been studied. The most efficient catalysts turned out to be macroporous ones. The reaction rate increased with increasing temperature, while the amount of the product (2-methyl-2-butanol) in the equilibrium reaction mixture decreased. Similarly, the hydration was strongly affected by the water to alkene molar ratio in the starting reaction mixture. Modification of ion exchange resin catalysts with 1-butylamine did not affect course of the hydration in the case of gel type catalysts, while with macroporous resin catalysts the addition of amine up to 0.5% of the total catalyst exchange capacity showed activating effect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document