Critical assessment of CuZn39Pb2 processing maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
Jing Yin ◽  
Shiqing Wu ◽  
Zhenlun Song ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Qi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Isothermal hot compression tests of the CuZn39Pb2 continuous casting bar were carried out at 650 - 750 °C and strain rates of 0.1 - 50 s-1. After the experimental data were obtained, processing maps were constructed and discussed on the basis of the Prasad, Murty and Malas instability criteria to critically evaluate the flow behavior of the CuZn39Pb2 continuous casting bar. The microstructure suggested that the processing map based on the Murty instability criterion was suitable for optimizing the process parameters of the CuZn39Pb2. The relationships between the characteristics of processing maps and the deformation mechanisms under different strains were analyzed on the basis of Murty instability criterion. Considering the theoretical analysis results and energy consumption economy, 690 °C ≤ T ≤ 720 °C with 1 s-1 ≤ έ ≤ 3 s-1 are the best process parameters for CuZn39Pb2 forging.

scholarly journals The Investigation on Flow Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Alloy Using the Prasad Stability Criterion

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 5314-5323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystian Zyguła ◽  
Marek Wojtaszek ◽  
Oleksandr Lypchanskyi ◽  
Tomasz Śleboda ◽  
Grzegorz Korpała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests

Abstract The hot deformation behavior of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy obtained by the powder metallurgy (PM) method was investigated. Material for the research was produced by blending of elemental powders followed by uniaxial hot pressing. Thermomechanical tests of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al compacts were carried out to determinate the stress-strain relationships at the temperature range of 800 °C to 1000 °C and strain rate between 0.01 and 10 s−1. Based on the dynamic material model (DMM) theory, processing maps at constant strain value were developed using data obtained from hot compression tests. The processing maps were elaborated for the final strain value, which was 0.9, and with flow instability criterion domains applied to it. Two critical regions associated with the flow behavior of the investigated material were revealed. Microstructural changes during hot deformation at various temperatures and strain rates were discussed. The correlation between calculated efficiency of power dissipation, flow instability criterion, and microstructure evolution was determined. The presence of defects was confirmed in regions predicted by the instability maps. The microstructure of the investigated alloy, corresponding to the high efficiency of power dissipation characterized by the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) phenomena, was also shown. Additionally, average hardness values in relation to variable process parameters were designated. Based on the conducted studies and analysis, processing windows for Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy compacts were proposed.

Thermal Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of Al-Mg-Er Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Li Rong
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Hot Workability ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Dynamic Material Model

To study the hot deformation behavior of Al-Mg-Er alloy, hot compression tests were conducted on a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator at the temperature range of 200-500°C with the strain rates from 0.001 to 10s-1. With the increase in the deformation temperature and the decrease in strain rates, the flow stress of the Al-Mg-Er alloy decreased. Processing maps were constructed to study on hot workability characteristics. The results showed that the flow stress curves exhibited the typical dynamic recrystallization characteristics and the stress decreased with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate. Moreover, the processing maps were established on the basis of dynamic material model and Prasad’s instability criterion.

scholarly journals Study on hot deformation behavior and workability of stir-cast Al6063-6wt.% steel p based composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Kenneth Kanayo Alaneme ◽  
Saheed Adeoye Babalola ◽  
Lesley Heath Chown ◽  
Nthabiseng Beauty Maledi ◽  
Michael Oluwatosin Bodunrin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Stress Patterns ◽  
Safe Zones

Abstract Investigation on the hot deformability and workability of stir cast 6 wt.% steel particles reinforced aluminium 6063 matrix composites was undertaken in this study. Flow stress – strain curves generated from hot compression tests performed at strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 s−1, and temperatures between 200–400°C, were used to study the flow behavior of the composite, while processing map developed from analyses of the deformation data, was used to establish the deformation mechanisms and processing safe zones for effective workability. Flow stress oscillations were observed to be prevalent at lower deformation temperatures and strain rates; largely due to the settling of reinforcement particles at grain boundary vicinities, rather than a homogeneous distribution. Also, the flow behaviour was largely strain rate insensitive. The dominant flow mechanism based on the flow stress patterns, processing map and microstructural validation was established to be dynamic recovery. Safe regions for processing based on Murty's and Gegel's criteria established the safe processing zones to be ~270–400°C at 0.01–1.0 s−1 and 380–400°C at 10 s−1. Deformation processing was unsafe at 200–260°C at 0.01–1.0 s−1 and between 200–380°C at 1.0–10 s−1.

scholarly journals Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of High-Strength Nickel Brass

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Xianming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Gleeble 3500

The flow behavior of a new kind of high-strength nickel brass used as automobile synchronizer rings was investigated by hot compression tests with a Gleeble-3500 isothermal simulator at strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 10 s−1 and a wide deformation temperature range of 873–1073K at intervals of 50 K. The experimental results show that flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature, and discontinuous yielding appeared in the flow stress curves at higher strain rates. A modified Arrhenius constitutive model considering the compensation of strain was established to describe the flow behavior of this alloy. A processing map was also constructed with strain of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 based on the obtained experimental flow stress–strain data. In addition, the optical microstructure evolution and its connection with the processing map of compressed specimens are discussed. The predominant deformation mechanism of Cu-Ni-Al brass is dynamic recovery when the deformation temperature is lower than 973 K and dynamic recrystallization when the deformation temperature is higher than 973 K according to optical observation. The processing map provides the optimal hot working temperature and strain rate, which is beneficial in choosing technical parameters for this high-strength alloy.

scholarly journals Application of the Strain Compensation Model and Processing Maps for Description of Hot Deformation Behavior of Metastable β Titanium Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Lypchanskyi ◽  
Tomasz Śleboda ◽  
Aneta Łukaszek-Sołek ◽  
Krystian Zyguła ◽  
Marek Wojtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Average Absolute Relative Error

The flow behavior of metastable β titanium alloy was investigated basing on isothermal hot compression tests performed on Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator at near and above β transus temperatures. The flow stress curves were obtained for deformation temperature range of 800–1100 °C and strain rate range of 0.01–100 s−1. The strain compensated constitutive model was developed using the Arrhenius-type equation. The high correlation coefficient (R) as well as low average absolute relative error (AARE) between the experimental and the calculated data confirmed a high accuracy of the developed model. The dynamic material modeling in combination with the Prasad stability criterion made it possible to generate processing maps for the investigated processing temperature, strain and strain rate ranges. The high material flow stability under investigated deformation conditions was revealed. The microstructural analysis provided additional information regarding the flow behavior and predominant deformation mechanism. It was found that dynamic recovery (DRV) was the main mechanism operating during the deformation of the investigated β titanium alloy.

Constitutive Equation for 3104 Alloy at High Temperatures in Consideration of Strain

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqiang Zhen ◽  
Jianlin Sun ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Hot Deformation Behavior ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Hollomon Parameter ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractThe flow behavior of 3104 aluminum alloy was investigated at temperatures ranging from 250°C to 500°C, and strain rates from 0.01 to 10 s−1 by isothermal compression tests. The true stress–strain curves were obtained from the measured load–stroke data and then modified by friction and temperature correction. The effects of temperature and strain rate on hot deformation behavior were represented by Zener–Hollomon parameter including Arrhenius term. Additionally, the influence of strain was incorporated considering the effect of strain on material constants. The derived constitution equation was applied to the finite element analysis of hot compression. The results show that the simulated force is consistent with the measured one. Consequently, the developed constitution equation is valid and feasible for numerical simulation in hot deformation process of 3104 alloy.

Hot working of SP-700 titanium alloy with lamellar α + β starting structure using a processing map

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
Amir Hosein Sheikhali ◽  
Maryam Morakkabati
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Temperature Range

Abstract In this study, hot deformation behavior of SP-700 titanium alloy was investigated by hot compression tests in the temperature range of 700-9508C and at strain rates of 0.001, 0.1, and 1 s-1. Final mechanical properties of the alloy (hot compressed at different strain rates and temperatures) were investigated using a shear punch testing method at room temperature. The flow curves of the alloy indicated that the yield point phenomenon occurs in the temperature range of 800- 9508C and strain rates of 0.1 and 1 s-1. The microstructural analysis showed that dynamic globularization of the lamellar α phase starts at 7008C and completes at 8008C. The alpha phase was completely eliminated from b matrix due to deformation- induced transformation at 8508C. The microstructure of specimens compressed at 8508C and strain rates of 0.001 and 0.1 s-1showed the serration of beta grain boundaries, whereas partial dynamic recrystallization caused a necklace structure by increasing strain rate up to 1 s-1. The specimen deformed at 7008C and strain rate of 1 s-1was located in the instability region and localized shear bands formed due to the low thermal conductivity of the alloy. The processing map of the alloy exhibited a peak efficiency domain of 54% in the temperature range of 780-8108C and strain rates of 0.001- 0.008 s-1. The hot deformation activation energy of the alloy in the α/β region (305.5 kJ mol-1) was higher than that in the single-phase β region (165.2 kJ mol-1) due to the dynamic globularization of the lamellar a phase.

scholarly journals Processing Map for Hot Working of Powder Metallurgy 2124 AL - 20 VOL% SiCP Metal Matrix Composite

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 096369350000900
Author(s):  
S.V.S. Narayana Murty ◽  
B. Nageswara Rao ◽  
B.P. Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Metal Matrix Composite ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
Flow Instabilities ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Instability Condition

A simple instability condition based on the Ziegler's instability criterion is found to be more appropriate in delineating the regimes of flow instabilities in the processing maps of 2124 Al-20 Vol% SiCp metal matrix composite. Applicability of the criterion is demonstrated using the reported microstructural observations in open literature.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Johnson Cook, Modified Zerilli–Armstrong, and Arrhenius-Type Constitutive Models to Predict Compression Flow Behavior of SnSbCu Alloy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyang Li ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Xiqun Lu ◽  
Hanzhang Xu ◽  
Dequan Zou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Optimum Model

The flow behavior of the SnSbCu alloy is studied experimentally by the compression tests in the range of the strain rates from 0.0001 to 0.1 s−1 and temperature from 293 to 413 K. Based on the experimental data, three constitutive models including the Johnson–Cook (J–C), modified Zerilli–Armstrong (Z–A), and Arrhenius-type (A-type) models are compared to find out an optimum model to describe the flow behavior of the SnSbCu alloy. The results show that the J–C model could predict the flow behavior of the SnSbCu alloy accurately only at some specific strain rates and temperature near the reference values. The modified Z–A and A-type constitutive models can give better fitting results than the J–C model. While, at high strains, the predictive values of the modified Z–A model have larger errors than those at low strains, which means this model has limitations at high strains. By comparison, the A-type model could predict the experimental results accurately at the whole strain range, which indicates that it is a more suitable choice to describe the flow behavior of the SnSbCu alloy in the focused range of strain rates and temperatures. The work is beneficial to solve the tribological problem of the bearing of the marine engine by integrating the accurate constitutive model into the corresponding numerical model.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Thermal Deformation Behavior of the Nickel-Based Superalloy Strengthened by γ′ Phase

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Haiping Wang ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Jianguo Wang ◽  
Yongzhao Shi ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy

The isothermal compression tests of the nickel-based superalloy Waspaloy were carried out under various temperatures from 1040 to 1120 °C and strain rates from 0.01 to 10 s−1 with the height reduction of 60% and the flow stress curves were obtained. The curves show that the flow stress is greatly affected by the temperature and strain rates. Regression analysis of the experimental results was carried out to learn about the deformation behavior through the Arrhenius equation and came to the conclusion that the activation energy of Waspaloy is 669.7 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation of the Waspaloy was constructed. Meanwhile, the processing maps of the Waspaloy for the power dissipation and the flow instability were constructed. The processing map of the power dissipation and the flow instability depicts that the strain plays a major role in the processing maps. The instability zone is prone to appear at higher strain rates with the increasing strains. According to the instability processing map, there are three unsafe regimes around 1040–1120 °C/1.5–10 s−1, 1040–1080 °C/0.02–0.1 s−1 and 1110–1120 °C/0.02–0.3 s−1 that should be avoided during deformation process. The power dissipation maps show that the maximum dissipation is prone to appear at low strain rates (0.01 s−1) when the strain is about 0.1~0.6 while at middle strain rates (0.1–1 s−1) when the strain is over 0.6, and when the true strain is 0.9, the optimum processing condition is around 1060–1120 °C/0.1–1 s−1. The dynamic microstructures under different temperatures and strain rates were also obtained. We concluded that lower strain rates and higher temperatures are more applicable to obtain fully-recrystallized microstructures. Based on the instability maps and the power dissipation maps and the dynamic microstructures, the optimum deformation conditions are determined to be around 1080–1100 °C/0.1–1 s−1 and 1040–1120 °C/0.01 s−1.

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