Geodetic monitoring of subrosion-induced subsidence processes in urban areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kersten ◽  
Martin Kobe ◽  
Gerald Gabriel ◽  
Ludger Timmen ◽  
Steffen Schön ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Work Package ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Absolute Gravimetry ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Stable Network

AbstractThe research project SIMULTAN applies an advanced combination of geophysical, geodetic, and modelling techniques to gain a better understanding of the evolution and characteristics of sinkholes. Sinkholes are inherently related to surface deformation and, thus, of increasing societal relevance, especially in dense populated urban areas. One work package of SIMULTAN investigates an integrated approach to monitor sinkhole-related mass translations and surface deformations induced by salt dissolution. Datasets from identical and adjacent points are used for a consistent combination of geodetic and geophysical techniques. Monitoring networks are established in Hamburg and Bad Frankenhausen (Thuringia). Levelling surveys indicate subsidence rates of about 4–5Here, the concept of combining geodetic and gravimetric techniques to monitor and characterise geological processes on and below the Earth's surface is exemplary discussed for the focus area Bad Frankenhausen. For the different methods (levelling, GNSS, relative/absolute gravimetry) stable network results at identical points are obtained by the first campaigns, i.e., the results are generally in agreement.

GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING: NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO PRESERVE ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS AND GREEN DESIGN IN URBAN AREAS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakhar Slepak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Green Design ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Geophysical Monitoring ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Geological Processes

A new geophysical prospecting technique developed by the author was effectively applied for these purposes in 1994–2005 within the architectural complex of the Kazan Kremlin, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The author has developed and successfully employed a unique gravity monitoring technique consisting in independent measurements at set points and at certain time intervals in the architectural complex of the Kazan Kremlin. The results of the geophysical monitoring and geodetic surveys conducted in open areas and inside architectural monuments offer new opportunities in preserving ancient buildings. Because geophysical monitoring can identify the negative impact of active geological processes on foundations of buildings, mitigation measures can be taken in timely manner. However, because the Kazan Kremlin is a state historical and architectural museum reserve, another objective is to maintain its exterior and renovate its green design. The above technology can also be used to analyze the technical condition of high-rise buildings, industrial facilities, underground railway systems and other structures, and significantly prolong their operating life.

scholarly journals Multi-Temporal Landsat8 Satellite Data Based Crops and Other Land Use Spatial Estimation in Okara District of Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrar ul Hassan Akhtar ◽  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Kashif Javed ◽  
Hammad Ghazanfar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Cropping Patterns

Developing countries like Pakistan is among those where lack of adoption to science and technology advancement is a major constraint for Satellite Remote Sensing use in crops and land use land cover digital information generation. Exponential rise in country population, increased food demand, limiting natural resources coupled with migration of rural community to urban areas had further led to skewed official statistics. This study is an attempt to demonstrate the possible use of freely available satellite data like Landsat8 under complex cropping system of Okara district of Punjab, Pakistan. An Integrated approach has been developed for the satellite data based crops and land use/cover spatial area estimation. The resultant quality was found above 96% with Kappa statistics of 0.95. Land utilization statistics provided detail information about cropping patterns as well as land use land cover status. Rice was recorded as most dominating crop in term of cultivation area of around 0.165 million ha followed by autumn maize 0.074 million ha, Fallow crop fields 0.067 million ha and Sorghum 0.047 million ha. Other minor crops observed were potato, fodder and cotton being cultivated on less than 0.010 million ha. Population settlements were observed over an area of around 0.081 million ha of land. 

scholarly journals Geoheritage Meaning of Artificial Objects: Reporting Two New Examples from Russia

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2721-2731
Author(s):  
Anna V. Mikhailenko ◽  
Dmitry A. Ruban ◽  
Vladimir A. Ermolaev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Rapakivi Granite ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Geosite Assessment ◽  
Mountainous Landscape

Geoheritage is not necessarily linked genetically to “purely” geological processes. Investigations in two urban areas of Russia allowed us to find essentially artificial objects demonstrating certain geological uniqueness. The huge balls sculptured from rapakivi granite and installed in Saint Petersburg represent cultural, historical, and stone heritage. These are also artificial megaclasts with perfect sphericity. The coal waste heaps situated in Shakhty and its vicinity represent industrial, historical, and urban heritage. These are also artificial landforms creating a kind of pseudo-mountainous landscape. These examples permit us to question the importance of the co-occurrence of heritage categories for geosite assessment.

scholarly journals ‘Trend in premature mortality from four major NCDs in Nanjing, China, 2007–2018’

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huafeng Yang ◽  
Yali Fu ◽  
Xin Hong ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Abstract Background This study aims to analyze the trends of premature mortality caused from four major non-communicable diseases (NCDs), namely cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes in Nanjing between 2007 and 2018 and project the ability to achieve the “Healthy China 2030” reduction target. Methods Mortality data of four major NCDs for the period 2007–2018 were extracted from the Death Information Registration and Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Population data for Nanjing were provided by the Nanjing Bureau of Public Security. The premature mortality was calculated using the life table method. Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the average annual percent changes (AAPC) in mortality trends. Results From 2007 to 2018, the premature mortality from four major NCDs combined in Nanjing decreased from 15.5 to 9.5%, with the AAPC value at − 4.3% (95% CI [− 5.2% to − 3.4%]). Overall, it can potentially achieve the target, with a relative reduction 28.6%. The premature mortality from cancer, CVD, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes all decreased, with AAPC values at − 4.2, − 5.0%, − 5.9% and − 1.6% respectively. A relative reduction of 40.6 and 41.2% in females and in rural areas, but only 21.0 and 12.8% in males and in urban areas were projected. Conclusion An integrated approach should be taken focusing on the modifiable risk factors across different sectors and disciplines in Nanjing. The prevention and treatment of cancers, diabetes, male and rural areas NCDs should be enhanced.

Urban-Water Harmony model to evaluate the urban water management

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1774-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Ding ◽  
Deshan Tang ◽  
Yuhang Wei ◽  
Sun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management

Water resources in many urban areas are under enormous stress due to large-scale urban expansion and population explosion. The decision-makers are often faced with the dilemma of either maintaining high economic growth or protecting water resources and the environment. Simple criteria of water supply and drainage do not reflect the requirement of integrated urban water management. The Urban-Water Harmony (UWH) model is based on the concept of harmony and offers a more integrated approach to urban water management. This model calculates four dimensions, namely urban development, urban water services, water–society coordination, and water environment coordination. And the Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used to determine the indices weights. We applied the UWH model to Beijing, China for an 11-year assessment. Our findings show that, despite the severe stress inherent in rapid development and water shortage, the urban water relationship of Beijing is generally evolving in a positive way. The social–economic factors such as the water recycling technologies contribute a lot to this change. The UWH evaluation can provide a reasonable analysis approach to combine various urban and water indices to produce an integrated and comparable evaluation index. This, in turn, enables more effective water management in decision-making processes.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Green Investments in Urban Areas: A Proposal of an eco-social-green Model of the City

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Sturiale ◽  
Alessandro Scuderi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Green Model ◽  
Green Investments

The new and more conscious sensibility towards the environmental sphere supports the idea of “green city”, promotes initiatives of structural integration of the green with the built environment and involves a considerable number of disciplines in a cultural and social debate. The literature reports different experiences of collaborative governance, between administrations and citizens, which tend to enhance the interaction between the different social actors involved in the investments of Green Infrastructures, to share objectives and management methods and to assess the extent of ecosystem services. The objective of this article is to propose a methodological approach to assessing green investments in the urban area, which is able to internalize the social perception of citizens regarding this important component for the urban landscape, with a view to guiding the city’s government towards a new urban eco-social-green planning and evaluation model. It presents a concise framework of the scientific debate on climate change and on the effects of urban planning issues; some relevant experiences of Green Infrastructures; and the proposed methodology, applied to the reality of the “urban green system” of Catania, based on an integrated approach between participatory planning and the method NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments).

scholarly journals Hydrogeomorphic processes and torrent control works on a large alluvial fan in the eastern Italian Alps

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Marchi ◽  
M. Cavalli ◽  
V. D'Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Hazard Management

Abstract. Alluvial fans are often present at the outlet of small drainage basins in alpine valleys; their formation is due to sediment transport associated with flash floods and debris flows. Alluvial fans are preferred sites for human settlements and are frequently crossed by transport routes. In order to reduce the risk for economic activities located on or near the fan and prevent loss of lives due to floods and debris flows, torrent control works have been extensively carried out on many alpine alluvial fans. Hazard management on alluvial fans in alpine regions is dependent upon reliable procedures to evaluate variations in the frequency and severity of hydrogeomorphic processes and the long-term performance of the torrent training works. An integrated approach to the analysis of hydrogeomorphic processes and their interactions with torrent control works has been applied to a large alluvial fan in the southern Carnic Alps (northeastern Italy). Study methods encompass field observations, interpretation of aerial photographs, analysis of historical documents, and numerical modelling of debris flows. The overall performance of control works implemented in the early decades of 20th century was satisfactory, and a reduction of hazardous events was recognised from features observed in the field and in aerial photographs, as well as from the analysis of historical records. The 2-D simulation of debris flows confirms these findings, indicating that debris flow deposition would not affect urban areas or main roads, even in the case of a high-magnitude event. Present issues in the management of the studied alluvial fan are representative of situations frequently found in the European Alps and deal with the need for maintenance of the control structures and the pressures for land use changes aimed at the economic exploitation of the fan surface.

The KNOO Research Consortium: Work Package 3—An Integrated Approach to Waste Immobilisation and Management

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Biggs ◽  
Michael Fairweather ◽  
James Young ◽  
Robin W. Grimes ◽  
Neil Milestone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Work Package ◽  
Process Scale ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
The Uk

The Keeping the Nuclear Option Open (KNOO) research consortium is a four-year research council funded initiative addressing the challenges related to increasing the safety, reliability and sustainability of nuclear power in the UK. Through collaboration between key industrial and governmental stakeholders, and with international partners, KNOO was established to maintain and develop skills relevant to nuclear power generation. Funded by a research grant of £6.1M from the “Towards a Sustainable Energy Economy Programme” of the UK Research Councils, it represents the single largest university-based nuclear research programme in the UK for more than 30 years. The programme is led by Imperial College London, in collaboration with the universities of Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds, Bristol, Cardiff and the Open University. These universities are working with the UK nuclear industry, who contributed a further £0.4M in funding. The industry/government stakeholders include AWE, British Energy, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Environment Agency, the Health and Safety Executive, Doosan Babcock, the Ministry of Defence, Nirex, AMEC NNC, Rolls-Royce PLC and the UK Atomic Energy Authority. Work Package 3 of this consortium, led by the University of Leeds, concerns “An Integrated Approach to Waste Immobilisation and Management”, and involves Imperial College London, and the Universities of Manchester and Sheffield. The aims of this work package are: to study the re-mobilisation, transport, solid-liquid separation and immobilisation of particulate wastes; to develop predictive models for particle behaviour based on atomic scale, thermodynamic and process scale simulations; to develop a fundamental understanding of selective adsorption of nuclides onto filter systems and their immobilisation; and to consider mechanisms of nuclide leaving and transport. The paper describes highlights from this work in the key areas of multi-scale modeling (using atomic scale, thermodynamic and process scale models), the engineering properties of waste (linking microscopic and macroscopic behaviour, and transport and rheology), and waste reactivity (considering waste hosts and wasteforms, generation IV wastes, and waste interactions).

scholarly journals Tropospheric Delay Correction Based on a Three-Dimensional Joint Model for InSAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2542
Author(s):  
Huaping Xu ◽  
Yao Luo ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Zhaohong Li ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Tropospheric Delay ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Delay Correction ◽  
Tropospheric Delays

Tropospheric delays in spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) can contaminate the measurement of small amplitude earth surface deformation. In this paper, a novel TXY-correlated method is proposed, where the main tropospheric delay components are jointly modeled in three dimensions, and then the long-scale and topography-correlated tropospheric delay components are corrected simultaneously. Moreover, the strategies of scale filtering and alternative iteration are employed to accurately retrieve all components of the joint model. Both the TXY-correlated method and the conventional phase-based methods are tested with a total of 25 TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X images collected over the Chaobai River site and the Renhe Town of Beijing Shunyi District, where natural scenes and man-made targets are contained. A higher correction rate of tropospheric delays and a greater reduction in spatio-temporal standard deviations of time series displacement are observed after delay correction by the TXY-correlated method in both non-urban and urban areas, which demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document