Meteorological parameters and pollutants on asthma exacerbation in Bangalore, India – an ecological retrospective time-series study

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirthana U. Kunikullaya ◽  
Ambarish Vijayaraghava ◽  
P. Asha ◽  
Radhika Kunnavil ◽  
B.V. MuraliMohan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Asthma Exacerbation ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground:Literature has shown a significant association between asthma exacerbations and pollutant levels during that time. There is very limited evidence in India, especially Bangalore, for impacts of meteorological changes and pollution on asthma hospital admissions in adults. The objective was to study the impact of air pollution and meteorological parameters on asthma exacerbation in Bangalore.Methods:This study quantitatively analyzed the relation between acute exacerbations of asthma and related admissions to the hospital with the air pollution and the meteorological conditions during that time. Data regarding the daily hospital admissions in about 13 tertiary care centers in Bangalore, Karnataka and air pollutant levels and the meteorological conditions prevailing during each day over a year were collected from the Karnataka State pollution control board and meteorology departments, respectively.Results:An average daily asthma admission of 4.84±2.91, with clear seasonal variation and autocorrelations between meteorological parameters and pollutants was observed. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that average temperature (p=0.005) and nitrogen dioxide (NOConclusions:In Bangalore city, levels of NO

scholarly journals The role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Victory Parade 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 13921-13940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Liang ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Yanhua Fang ◽  
Yingruo Li ◽  
Yiqun Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations

Abstract. To control severe air pollution in China, comprehensive pollution control strategies have been implemented throughout the country in recent years. To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies, the influence of meteorological conditions on levels of air pollution needs to be determined. Using the intensive air pollution control strategies implemented during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum in 2014 (APEC 2014) and the 2015 China Victory Day Parade (Victory Parade 2015) as examples, we estimated the role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution levels in Beijing. Atmospheric particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter  ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) samples were collected and gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO, NOx, and O3) were measured online at a site in Peking University (PKU). To determine the influence of meteorological conditions on the levels of air pollution, we first compared the air pollutant concentrations during days with stable meteorological conditions. However, there were few days with stable meteorological conditions during the Victory Parade. As such, we were unable to estimate the level of emission reduction efforts during this period. Finally, a generalized linear regression model (GLM) based only on meteorological parameters was built to predict air pollutant concentrations, which could explain more than 70 % of the variation in air pollutant concentration levels, after incorporating the nonlinear relationships between certain meteorological parameters and the concentrations of air pollutants. Evaluation of the GLM performance revealed that the GLM, even based only on meteorological parameters, could be satisfactory to estimate the contribution of meteorological conditions in reducing air pollution and, hence, the contribution of control strategies in reducing air pollution. Using the GLM, we found that the meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies contributed 30 and 28 % to the reduction of the PM2.5 concentration during APEC and 38 and 25 % during the Victory Parade, respectively, based on the assumption that the concentrations of air pollutants are only determined by meteorological conditions and emission intensities. We also estimated the contribution of meteorological conditions and control strategies in reducing the concentrations of gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 components with the GLMs, revealing the effective control of anthropogenic emissions.

scholarly journals The Role of Meteorological Conditions and Pollution Control Strategies in Reducing Air Pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Parade 2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Liang ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Yanhua Fang ◽  
Yingruo Li ◽  
Yiqun Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract. To control severe air pollution in China, comprehensive pollution control strategies have been implemented throughout the country in recent years. To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies, the influence of meteorological conditions on levels of air pollution needs to be determined. We therefore developed a generalized linear regression model (GLM) to establish the relationship between the concentrations of air pollutants and meteorological parameters. Using the intensive air pollution control strategies implemented during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum in 2014 (APEC 2014) and the Victory Parade for the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War in 2015 (Parade 2015) as examples, we estimated the role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution levels in Beijing. During the APEC (1 October to 31 December 2014) and Parade (1 August to 31 December 2015) sampling periods, atmospheric particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) samples were collected and gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO, NOx, and O3) were measured online at a site in Peking University (PKU). The concentrations of all pollutants except ozone decreased dramatically (by more than 20 %) during both events, compared with the levels during non-control periods. To determine the influence of meteorological conditions on the levels of air pollution, we first compared the air pollutant concentrations during days with stable meteorological conditions (i.e. when the daily average wind speed (WS) was less than 2.50 m s−1 and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height was lower than 290 m). We found that the average PM2.5 concentration during APEC decreased by 45.7 % compared with the period before APEC and by 44.4 % compared with the period after APEC. This difference was attributed to emission reduction efforts during APEC. However, there were few days with stable meteorological conditions during Parade. As such, we were unable to estimate the level of emission reduction efforts during this period. Finally, GLMs based only on meteorological parameters were built to predict air pollutant concentrations, which could explain more than 70 % of the variation in air pollutant concentration levels, after incorporating the nonlinear relationships between certain meteorological parameters and the concentrations of air pollutants. Evaluation of the GLM performance revealed that the GLM, even based only on meteorological parameters, could be satisfactory to estimate the contribution of meteorological conditions in reducing air pollution, and hence the contribution of control strategies in reducing air pollution. Using the GLM, we found that the meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies contributed 30 % and 28 % to the reduction of the PM2.5 concentration during APEC 2014, and 38 % and 25 % during Parade 2015. We also estimated the contribution of meteorological conditions and control strategies implemented during the two events in reducing the concentrations of gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 components with the GLMs, revealing the effective control of anthropogenic emissions.

THE IMPACT OF METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON SULPHURIC AIR POLLUTION IN KOHTLA-JÄRVE

Oil Shale ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
J PAVLENKOVA ◽  
M KAASIK ◽  
E-S KERNER ◽  
A LOOT ◽  
R OTS
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on stroke admissions in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000084
Author(s):  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Salman Al Jerdi ◽  
Ziyad Mahfoud ◽  
Yahia Imam ◽  
Saadat Kamran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Transient Ischaemic Attacks ◽  
Stroke Mimics ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a dramatic unexplained decline in hospital admissions due to acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Several theories have emerged aiming to explain this decline, mostly revolving around the fear of contracting the disease and thus avoiding hospital visits.AimsIn this study, we aim to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stroke admissions to a tertiary care centre in Qatar.MethodsThe Hamad General Hospital stroke database was interrogated for stroke admissions between September 2019 and May 2020. The number of stroke admissions, stroke subtypes and short-term outcomes was compared between the ‘pre-COVID-19’ period (September 2019 to February 2020) and the COVID-19 pandemic period (March to May 2020).ResultsWe observed a significant decline in monthly admissions in March (157), April (128) and May (135) compared with the pre-COVID-19 6-month average (229) (p=0.024). The reduction in admissions was most evident in functional stroke mimics. The average admissions decreased from 87 to 34 per month (p=0.0001). Although there were no significant differences in admissions due to ischaemic stroke (IS), intracranial haemorrhage or transient ischaemic attacks between the two periods, we noted a relative decrease in IS due to small vessel disease and an increase in those due to large vessel atherosclerosis in March to May 2020.ConclusionsThe decline in overall stroke admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic is most likely related to concerns of contracting the infection, evidenced mainly by a decline in admissions of stroke mimics. However, a relative increase in large vessel occlusions raises suspicion of pathophysiological effects of the virus, and requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Association between Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in the Capital of the Green Lungs of Poland–Population-Based Study with 2,953,000 Person-Years of Follow-Up

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kuźma ◽  
Krzysztof Struniawski ◽  
Szymon Pogorzelski ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska ◽  
Sławomir Dobrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Male Population ◽  
The Impact

(1) Introduction: air pollution is considered to be one of the main risk factors for public health. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), air pollution contributes to the premature deaths of approximately 500,000 citizens of the European Union (EU), including almost 5000 inhabitants of Poland every year. (2) Purpose: to assess the gender differences in the impact of air pollution on the mortality in the population of the city of Bialystok—the capital of the Green Lungs of Poland. (3) Materials and Methods: based on the data from the Central Statistical Office, the number—and causes of death—of Białystok residents in the period 2008–2017 were analyzed. The study utilized the data recorded by the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection station and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management during the analysis period. Time series regression with Poisson distribution was used in statistical analysis. (4) Results: A total of 34,005 deaths had been recorded, in which women accounted for 47.5%. The proportion of cardiovascular-related deaths was 48% (n = 16,370). An increase of SO2 concentration by 1-µg/m3 (relative risk (RR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.12; p = 0.005) and a 10 °C decrease of temperature (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05; p = 0.005) were related to an increase in the number of daily deaths. No gender differences in the impact of air pollution on mortality were observed. In the analysis of the subgroup of cardiovascular deaths, the main pollutant that was found to have an effect on daily mortality was particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5); the RR for 10-µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 was 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.12; p = 0.01), and this effect was noted only in the male population. (5) Conclusions: air quality and atmospheric conditions had an impact on the mortality of Bialystok residents. The main air pollutant that influenced the mortality rate was SO2, and there were no gender differences in the impact of this pollutant. In the male population, an increased exposure to PM2.5 concentration was associated with significantly higher cardiovascular mortality. These findings suggest that improving air quality, in particular, even with lower SO2 levels than currently allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, may benefit public health. Further studies on this topic are needed, but our results bring questions whether the recommendations concerning acceptable concentrations of air pollutants should be stricter, or is there a safe concentration of SO2 in the air at all.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of air pollution on the urban population of Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. S529-S536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Marcilio ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Time Series Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Respiratory Causes

This study aimed to quantify air pollution impact on morbidity and mortality in the Brazilian urban population using locally generated impact factors. Concentration-response coefficients were used to estimate the number of hospitalizations and deaths attributable to air pollution in seven Brazilian cities. Poisson regression coefficients (beta) were obtained from time-series studies conducted in Brazil. The study included individuals 65 years old and over and children under five. More than 600 deaths a year from respiratory causes in the elderly and 47 in children were attributable to mean air pollution levels, corresponding to 4.9% and 5.5% of all deaths from respiratory causes in these age groups. More than 4,000 hospital admissions for respiratory conditions were also attributable to air pollution. These results quantitatively demonstrate the currently observed contribution of air pollution to mortality and hospitalizations in Brazilian cities. Such assessment is thought to help support the planning of surveillance and control activities for air pollution in these and similar areas.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on NO2 and PM2.5 Levels and Their Associations with Human Mobility Patterns in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Yihan Zhu ◽  
Jia Yu Karen Tan ◽  
Hoong Chen Teo ◽  
Andrea Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
The South ◽  
High Association ◽  
Pollutant Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe decline in NO2 and PM2.5 pollutant levels were observed during COVID-19 around the world, especially during lockdowns. Previous studies explained such observed decline with the decrease in human mobility, whilst overlooking the meteorological changes (e.g., rainfall, wind speed) that could mediate air pollution level simultaneously. This pitfall could potentially lead to over-or under-estimation of the effect of COVID-19 on air pollution. Consequently, this study aims to re-evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on NO2 and PM2.5 pollutant level in Singapore, by incorporating the effect of meteorological parameters in predicting NO2 and PM2.5 baseline in 2020 using machine learning methods. The results found that NO2 and PM2.5 declined by a maximum of 38% and 36%, respectively, during lockdown period. As two proxies for change in human mobility, taxi availability and carpark availability were found to increase and decrease by a maximum of 12.6% and 9.8%, respectively, in 2020 from 2019 during lockdown. To investigate how human mobility influenced air pollutant level, two correlation analyses were conducted: one between PM2.5 and carpark availability changes at regional scale and the other between NO2 and taxi availability changes at a spatial resolution of 0.01°. The NO2 variation was found to be more associated with the change in human mobility, with the correlation coefficients vary spatially across Singapore. A cluster of stronger correlations were found in the South and East Coast of Singapore. Contrarily, PM2.5 and carpark availability had a weak correlation, which could be due to the limit of regional analyses. Drawing to the wider context, the high association between human mobility and NO2 in the South and East Coast area can provide insights into future NO2 reduction policy in Singapore.Graphical Abstract

NESTED HIGH-RESOLUTION NOx AND PM SIMULATIONS OVER ZÜRICH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Suter ◽  
Lukas Emmenegger ◽  
Dominik Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Concentration Levels

<p>Reducing air pollution, which is the world's largest single environmental health risk, demands better-informed air quality policies. Consequently, multi-scale air quality models are being developed with the goal to resolve cities. One of the major challenges in such model systems is to accurately represent all large- and regional-scale processes that may critically determine the background concentration levels over a given city. This is particularly true for longer-lived species such as aerosols, for which background levels often dominate the concentration levels, even within the city. Furthermore, the heterogeneous local emissions, and complex dispersion in the city have to be considered carefully.</p><p>In this study, the impact of processes across a wide range of scales on background concentrations over Switzerland and the city of Zurich was modelled by performing one year of nested European and Swiss national COSMO-ART simulations to obtain adequate boundary conditions for gas-phase chemical, aerosol and meteorological conditions for city-resolving simulations. The regional climate chemistry model COSMO-ART (Vogel et al. 2009) was used in a 1-way coupled mode. The outer, European, domain, which was driven by chemical boundary conditions from the global MOZART model, had a 6.6 km horizontal resolution and the inner, Swiss, domain one of 2.2 km. For the city scale, a catalogue of more than 1000 mesoscale flow patterns with 100 m resolution was created with the model GRAMM, based on a discrete set of atmospheric stabilities, wind speeds and directions, accounting for the influence of land-use and topography. Finally, the flow around buildings was solved with the CFD model GRAL forced at the boundaries by GRAMM. Subsequently, Lagrangian dispersion simulations for a set of air pollutants and emission sectors (traffic, industry, ...) based on extremely detailed building and emission data was performed in GRAL. The result of this nested procedure is a library of 3-dimensional air pollution maps representative of hourly situations in Zurich (Berchet et al. 2017). From these pre-computed situations, time-series and concentration maps can be obtained by selecting situations according to observed or modelled meteorological conditions.</p><p>The results were compared to measurements from air quality monitoring network stations. Modelled concentrations of NO<sub>x</sub> and PM compared well to measurements across multiple locations, provided background conditions were considered carefully. The nested multi-scale modelling system COSMO-ART/GRAMM/GRAL can adequately reproduce local air quality and help understanding the relative contributions of local versus distant emissions, as well as fill the space between precise point measurements from monitoring sites. This information is useful for research, policy-making, and epidemiological studies particularly under the assumption that exceedingly high concentrations become more and more localised phenomenon in the future.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of meteorological conditions on the amount of air pollution in Krakow

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Piaskowska-Silarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pytel ◽  
Stanisław Gumuła ◽  
Wiktor Hudy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The publication presents an assessment of the impact of meteorological conditions on air quality in a given location. The subject matter of the work is related to problem-review issues in the field of environmental protection and energy management. The publication draws attention to the fact that despite several decades of ecological monitoring of air pollution, only in recent years attention has been paid to the scale of air pollution problem. The study examined the relationship between meteorological elements (wind velocity, relative humidity on the amount of air pollution immissions. Significant impact of precipitation, atmospheric pressure and thermal braking layer was indicated. The possibilities of air quality improvement were presented based on the measurement data concerning the immission of impurities.

Effect of endometrial thickness on birthweight in frozen embryo transfer cycles: an analysis including 6181 singleton newborns

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1707-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hongfang Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Mao ◽  
Qiuju Chen ◽  
JiQiang Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Frozen Embryo Transfer ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does endometrial thickness (EMT) have an impact on singleton birthweight in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles? SUMMARY ANSWER An EMT <8 mm was associated with a lower mean birthweight and gestational age- and gender-adjusted birthweight (Z-scores) of singletons resulting from FET. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies have examined the impact of EMT on IVF success rates. Little is known, however, regarding the relationship between EMT and neonatal birthweight. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This retrospective study involved singleton live births born to women undergoing frozen-thawed Day 3 embryo transfer during the period from January 2010 to December 2017 at a tertiary care centre. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 6181 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included and were grouped into five groups depending on the EMT: <8 mm, 8–9.9 mm, 10–11.9 mm, 12–13.9 mm and ≥14 mm. EMT between 10 and 11.9 mm was taken as a reference group. Singleton birthweight was the primary outcome measure. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to detect a relationship between EMT and newborns' birthweight after controlling for a number of potential confounders. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A modest but significant decrease in birthweight was observed in the EMT <8 mm group as compared with groups with EMT ≥10 mm, with a mean difference of 89–108 g. Also, singletons from the EMT <8 mm group (0.24 ± 1.04) had a significantly lower birthweight Z-scores than those from the EMT 10–11.9 mm (0.41 ± 1.02; P = 0.032) or EMT 12–13.9 mm (0.46 ± 1.07; P = 0.004) groups. Further, multiple linear regression analyses indicated that parental BMIs, gestational age, newborn gender, pregnancy complications and EMT <8 mm were all independent predictors of neonatal birthweight. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The present study was limited by its retrospective design. Future prospective studies are required to confirm our findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provided new insight into the relationship between EMT and neonatal outcomes by showing that a thin endometrium is associated with a decrease in singleton birthweight. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1003000); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771533, 81571397, 31770989, 81671520); the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M630456). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.

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