The Radical Change of French Firms’ Financial Characteristics. Macroeconomic Consequences and Lessons for Political Economics / Die französische Finanzrevolution. Die Folgen für die Finanzstruktur der Unternehmen

2001 ◽  
Vol 221 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Cieply

SummaryThe French financial system has undergone major changes in the last twenty years. Until the beginning of the eighties, the French financial system was a State credit based system. This system was overhauled in the mid eighties under the pressure of French budget deficits in the context of the European Integration process. The more visible consequence of this wave of reforms was the transformation of French firms’ financial structure and their relationships with banks. This article deals with this transformation. It elaborates on its consequences from a macroeconomic point of view and justifies new initiatives taken in France to promote the financing of small and medium sized enterprises.

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Graciela López de la Fuente

El presente artículo trata de acotar los principales estudios científicos que a los largo de estas últimas décadas han proliferado en las revistas científicas españolas especializadas sobre el proceso de integración europea. Desde esta perspectiva, se analizan las principales revistas científicas y su evolución en el estudio del proceso de integración europea haciendo referencia, desde un punto de vista estrictamente jurídico, a los aspectos vinculados a la arquitectura institucional, el derecho originario y a la «idea constitucional» del proceso de integración.This paper concerns the mains scientific studies that have proliferated in specialized Spanish scientific journals about the process of European integration. From this perspective, the major scientific journals and their evolution are analyzed in the study of the European integration process with reference, from a strictly legal point of view, to the issues related to the institutional architecture, the primary law, and the «constitutional concept» of the integration process.


Author(s):  
Jorge AGUDO GONZÁLEZ

LABURPENA: Integrazio europarraren prozesua sendotzea eta eskumenak modu zabalean partekatzea dira Europako Zuzenbidea administrazioan ezartzeko oinarri, ≪espazio administratibo europarra≫ delakoaren esparruan. Ikuspegi horretatik, doktrina alemaniarrak espazio juridiko europartzat jotakoak zentralizatu gabeko eta lurraldeen araberakoa ez den administrazio-paradigma berri bat sorraraziko luke, lankidetzan oinarritutakoa eta maila anitzekoa. Lan honetan, hiru mailatan aztertzen da gai hori: 1) Espazio administratibo europarreko administrazioaren lankidetza-ekintza zuzentzen duten printzipio ≪konstituzionalekin≫ identifikatzea; 2) Zuzenbide europarra oso heterogeneoa denez, eraikuntza induktibo bat egitea, sektore desberdinetako administrazio-jardueraren moduak aztertuta, lankidetza-jarduerako irizpide juridiko komunak aurkitu ahal izateko; 3) Parametro komun horietatik abiatuta, antolaketaren eta prozeduraren ikuspegitik berezkoak diren eta sektore materialetan partekatzen diren lankidetza-jardueraren motekin identifikatzea. RESUMEN: La consolidacion del proceso de integracion europea y la amplia comparticion competencial son la base para una implementacion administrativa integrada del Derecho Europeo, articulada en el que se ha venido en denominar como ≪espacio administrativo europeo≫. Desde este punto de vista, la creacion de lo que la doctrina alemana ha denominado como un espacio juridico europeo tendria su correlato en un nuevo paradigma de Administracion desestatalizada y desterritorializada, cooperativa y multinivel. En el presente trabajo, se afronta esta cuestion en tres niveles: 1º) Con la identificacion de los principios ≪constitucionales≫ que gobiernan la accion cooperativa de la Administracion del espacio administrativo europeo; 2º) Debido a la heterogeneidad que caracteriza al Derecho Europeo, con la realizacion de una construccion inductiva que, del examen de las formas de actuacion administrativa en los distintos sectores, permita identificar criterios juridicos de actuacion cooperativa comun; y 3º) A partir de dichos parametros comunes, con la identificacion de tipos de actuacion cooperativa caracteristicos desde el punto de vista organizativo-procedimental compartidos en los distintos sectores materiales. ABSTRACT: The consolidation of the European integration process and the broadsharing of powers are the basis for an integrated administrative implementation of European law articulated in which has been called ≪European Administrative Space≫. From this point of view, the creation of what the German doctrine refers as an European legal space might have its correlative in a new paradigm of a non-state and deterritorialized, cooperative and multilevel.administration. In this work we face this issue in three levels: 1) by identifying the ≪constitutional≫ principles which manage the cooperative action by the Administration within the administrative space; 2) due to the heterogeinity which defines European Law, by the realization of an inductive construction that from the analysis of the form of administrative action in different arreas, let us indetify the legal criteria of the common cooperative action and 3) from those metioned common parameters, by identifying the characterictic types of cooperative action from a organizative and procedural point of view within the diferent material areas.


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Elisa TIZZONI

Aiming to provide an overview on the tourism policy implemented by the European Economic Community from the early 1960s until today, the research gives a contribution to fill a gap in current European Integration History, since Historians devoted little attention to the role of tourism in the integration process. To achieve this goal, the article addresses the mutual interactions between the making of Europe and the spread of mass tourism, by a focus on the role played from the Commission and the Council in the field of leisure travel. Broadly speaking, achievements and contradictions of the attempts to set a true tourism policy throughout the decades are investigated. From a methodological point of view, the research owes to the so-called “new history of European integration”, to the extent that multiple layers are taken into account, in order to assess the consequences of EEC tourism policy on society as a whole.


Author(s):  
Benito Aláez Corral

A través del análisis de la más reciente jurisprudencia del Bundesverfassungsgericht sobre el control de constitucionalidad del proceso de integración europea, se revisan, desde una perspectiva formalista y estrictamente jurídica, los conceptos de soberanía, supremacía e identidad democrática constitucional, que aparecen habitualmente comprometidos en los conflictos entre la Constitución nacional y el derecho de la Unión Europea. Estos conflictos ponen de relieve una tensión entre pretensiones políticas de avance en el proceso de integración y límites jurídicos, que solo se puede resolver satisfactoriamente para mantener la diferenciación funcional alcanzada por el Derecho desde la perspectiva de una concepción monista de la validez del sistema jurídico como un todo, en el que aún hay que ubicar la supremacía y, por tanto, la competencia sobre las competencias, en la Constitución nacional, en cuya disposición quedan tanto el poder constituyente como el poder de control de constitucionalidad.The article deals from a legal formalism perspective with the concepts of sovereignty, legal supremacy and constitutional democratic identity throughout the analysis of the most recent case-law of the German Federal Constitutional Court on the constitutional review of the european integration process. The conflicts that may arise between the Member State’s Constitutions and the European Union Law show the existing tension between european integration politics and national constitutional law regarding the implementation of the constitutional substantive limitations to the european integration process. This tension can only be relaxed by interpreting the legal system’s validity as a whole from a monist point of view that helps keeping its achieved functional differenciation and that still requires to place supremacy, and therefore the so called competence-competence power, within the national Member State’s Constitution that grants a constituent power to stop or undo the States’s participation in the European Intergration and a constitutional review power to review this process form the point of view of its constitutional limitations.


Pravni zapisi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-460
Author(s):  
Marco Galimberti ◽  
Stefania Ninatti

This essay aims to analyze how national constitutional/supreme Courts address the evolution of the European integration process when this latter touches upon fundamental constitutional elements of the EU Member States. More specifically, the paper explores the recent case law concerning the issue of constitutional identity conflicts, in order to show the common arguments underpinning different European constitutional/supreme Courts' jurisprudence. From a comparative point of view, the analysis highlights the emergence of a growing front of constitutional resistance whose meaning for the future of European constitutionalism is still unclear. At the same time, the study seeks to examine the patterns of constitutional resistance within the European integration process in the perspective of a mutual interaction between Courts.


Author(s):  
Marcin Rojszczak

Foreign surveillance as a means of circumventing existing legal safeguards – Different perspectives on the problem of the extraterritorial application of fundamental rights in US and EU legal models – The limited usefulness of effective control tests for establishing the responsibility of states for action taken in cyberspace – Judgment of Bundesverfassungsgericht in the BND Act case as an interpretative guideline for the regulation of foreign surveillance in EU member states – Electronic surveillance as a threat to European integration process.


2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skander Nasra

AbstractThe European integration process has altered the conditions under which national foreign policies in Europe are made. Departing from this assumption, this article explores whether and under what conditions a small EU member state can influence European foreign policy. To this end, the role that Belgium has played in the construction of European foreign policy towards the African Great Lakes is examined. This article argues that a small EU member state can significantly influence European foreign policy, resulting in reinforcement of its national foreign policy. Yet this influence is conditioned by two intertwined factors: the nature of EU involvement; and the characteristics of the Union's foreign policy system. Depending on these elements, a small member state can supersede the quantifiable notion of 'smallness' and actively shape the construction of European foreign policy.


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