An overview on red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications

AbstractObjectivesTo review red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications.ContentSeaweed sources are becoming attractive to be used in health and therapeutics. Among these red algae is the largest group containing bioactive compounds utilized in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food industry, manure and various supplements in food formula. Various significant bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides (aginate, agar, and carrageenan), lipids and polyphenols, steroids, glycosides, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, antheraquinones and cardiac glycosides have been reported in red algae. The red algae have rich nutritional components Different polysaccharides of red algae possess the antiviral potential namely agarans, carrageenan, alginate, fucan, laminaran and naviculan. Sulfated polysaccharides and carraginans of red algae are rich source of soluble fibers which can account for antitumor activities depending upon chemistry of various secondary metabolites and metabolism of cell line. Flavons-3-ols containing catechins from many red algae block the telomerase activity in colon cancer cells. Contraceptive agents were tested from red algae as a source for post-coital. Lectin of red algae showed pro-healing properties and anti-ulcerogenic activities. Carragenates from red algae also conferred a positive influence on diabetes. Red algae depicted a reducing effect on plasma lipids and obesity. Porphyran from red alga can act as anti-hyperlipidemic agent also reduces the apolipoprotein B100 via suppression of lipid synthesis in human liver.SummaryThe polyphenolic extracts of Laurencia undulate, Melanothamnus afaqhusainii and Solieria robusta extract show anti-inflammatory effects against multiple genera of devastating fungi. Antioxidants such as phlorotannins, ascorbic acids, tocopherols, carotenoids from red algae showed toxicity on some cancer cells without side effects. Red algae Laurencia nipponica was found insecticidal against mosquito larvae. Red algae fibers are very important in laxative and purgative activities. Gracilaria tenuistipitat resisted in agricultural lands polluted with cadmium and copper.OutlookIn the recent decades biotechnological applications of red algae has been increased. Polysaccharides derived from red algae are important tool for formulation of drugs delivery system via nanotechnology.

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Ultrasensitive detection of telomerase activity in lung cancer cells with quencher-free molecular beacon-assisted quadratic signal amplification

Analytica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1053 ◽

pp. 122-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fei Ma ◽

Ting-ting Wang ◽

Longhe Jiang ◽

Chun-yang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Signal Amplification ◽

Molecular Beacon ◽

Telomerase Activity ◽

Lung Cancer Cells ◽

Ultrasensitive Detection ◽

Quadratic Signal

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Spot 14: A Marker of Aggressive Breast Cancer and a Potential Therapeutic Target

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2006-0463 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 147 (9) ◽

pp. 4048-4055 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

William B. Kinlaw ◽

Jennifer L. Quinn ◽

Wendy A. Wells ◽

Christopher Roser-Jones ◽

Joel T. Moncur

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Therapeutic Target ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

De Novo ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Spot 14 ◽

Aggressive Breast Cancer

Spot 14 (S14) is a nuclear protein that communicates the status of dietary fuels and fuel-related hormones to genes required for long-chain fatty acid synthesis. In mammary gland, S14 is important for both epithelial proliferation and milk fat production. The S14 gene is amplified in some breast cancers and is strongly expressed in most. High expression of S14 in primary invasive breast cancer is conspicuously predictive of recurrence. S14 mediates the induction of lipogenesis by progestin in breast cancer cells and accelerates their growth. Conversely, S14 knockdown impairs de novo lipid synthesis and causes apoptosis. We found that breast cancer cells do not express lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hypothesize that they do not have access to circulating lipids unless the local environment supplies it. This may explain why primary breast cancers with low S14 do not survive transit from the LPL-rich mammary fat pad to areas devoid of LPL, such as lymph nodes, and thus do not appear as distant metastases. Thus, S14 is a marker for aggressive breast cancer and a potential target as well. Future effort will center on validation of S14 as a therapeutic target and producing antagonists of its action.

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NAC selectively inhibit cancer telomerase activity: A higher redox homeostasis threshold exists in cancer cells

Redox Biology ◽

10.1016/j.redox.2015.12.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 91-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Pengying Li ◽

Meilin Wu ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Yilun Sui ◽

Shanlin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cells ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Telomerase Activity

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Salinomycin Abolished STAT3 and STAT1 Interactions and Reduced Telomerase Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Anticancer Research ◽

10.21873/anticanres.11336 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 445-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

SEYUNG S CHUNG ◽

DEBBIE ADEKOYA ◽

IKECHUKWU ENENMOH ◽

ORETTE CLARKE ◽

PIWEN WANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Telomerase Activity ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cells

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KEKAYAAN DAN POTENSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF MAKROALGA DI PESISIR ATEP OKI, KABUPATEN MINAHASA, SULAWESI UTARA

JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jplt.8.3.2020.30454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Silsia Dorkas Winowoda ◽

Marina Flora Oktavine Singkoh ◽

Ratna Siahaan

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Red Algae ◽

Brown Algae ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Sampling Locations

This study aims to analyze the richness and potential of macroalgae bioactive compounds on the Atep Oki Coast, District of Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted in October 2019 until January 2020. Sampling used the roaming method in a predetermined location that is Atep Oki tidal/ intertidal coast. Sampling locations are spread over six coordinate points. Macroalgae found on the Atep Oki Coast assessed ten species belonging to three phyla, namely Chlorophyta (green algae), Ochrophyta (brown algae) and Rhodophyta (red algae). Chlorophyta members mean six species. Ochrophyta has members of three species and members of Rhodophyta only one species. The types of macroalgae found on the Atep Oki Coast provide bioactive compounds. Keywords : Macroalgae, Bioactive Compounds, Atep Oki Minahasa CoastAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekayaan jenis dan potensi senyawa bioaktif makroalga di Pesisir Atep Oki, Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2019 sampai Januari 2020. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode jelajah di lokasi yang telah ditentukan yaitu pesisir pasang surut/intertidal Atep Oki. Lokasi pengambilan sampel tersebar di enam titik-titik koordinat. Makroalga yang ditemukan di Pesisir Atep Oki berjumlah sepuluh species yang tergolong ke dalam tiga filum yaitu Chlorophyta (alga hijau), Ochrophyta (alga cokelat) dan Rhodophyta (alga merah). Anggota Chlorophyta berjumlah enam species. Ochrophyta memiliki anggota tiga species dan anggota Rhodophyta hanya satu species. Jenis-jenis makroalga yang ditemukan di Pesisir Atep Oki berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif. Kata kunci : Makroalga, Senyawa Bioaktif, Pesisir Atep Oki Minahasa

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Detection of telomerase activity in exfoliated cancer cells in colonic luminal washings and its related clinical implications

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/bjc.1997.96 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 548-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

K Yoshida ◽

T Sugino ◽

S Goodison ◽

BF Warren ◽

D Nolan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cells ◽

Telomerase Activity ◽

Clinical Implications

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Abstract 115: Microrna-30c Reduces Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis by Decreasing Lipid Synthesis and Lipoprotein Secretion

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.33.suppl_1.a115 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

James Soh ◽

Jahangir Iqbal ◽

Joyce Queiroz ◽

Carlos Fernandez-Hernando ◽

M. Mahmood Hussain

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

De Novo ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Over Expression ◽

Transfer Protein ◽

Lipoprotein Secretion

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for various cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Overproduction of lipoproteins, a process critically dependent on microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), can contribute to hyperlipidemia. We have shown that hepatic over expression of miR-30c reduces MTP mRNA, protein and activity. Further, MTP mRNA is degraded faster due to the binding of miR-30c to its 3[[Unable to Display Character: ΄]]-UTR. miR-30c lowers plasma cholesterol by reducing production of triglyceride-rich apoB-containing lipoproteins; a phenotype most likely secondary to lower MTP expression. It also reduces de novo lipogenesis by targeting other genes such as LPGAT1. Additionally, atherosclerotic plaques are smaller in Apoe -/- mice expressing miR-30c. Taken together, we have provided evidence that high miR-30c levels reduce plasma lipids and atherosclerosis and avoids steatosis by regulating different sets of genes.

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Abstract 577: MicroRNA-30c Reduces Plasma Cholesterol in Different Hypercholesterolemic and Hyperglycemic Mouse Models

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.577 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Irani ◽

Jahangir Iqbal ◽

M.Mahmood Hussain

Keyword(s):

Mouse Models ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Leptin Receptor ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Plasma ◽

Western Diet ◽

Lower Plasma

High plasma cholesterol levels are found in several metabolic disorders and their reductions are advocated to reduce risk of atherosclerosis. A way to lower plasma lipids is to curtail lipoprotein assembly and secretion; however, this is associated with steatosis. We have shown that microRNA-30c (miR-30c) reduces Western diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J and Apoe -/- mice with no obvious adverse effects by reducing hepatic lipoprotein production and lipid synthesis. Here, we tested the effect of miR-30c on plasma lipids, transaminases and hepatic lipids in five different mouse models. Hepatic delivery of miR-30c reduced MTP activity but did not affect plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose in chow-fed C57Bl6J and streptozotocin-induced diabetic, normolipidemic mice. However, hepatic delivery of miR-30c to chow fed leptin deficient ( ob/ob ) and leptin receptor deficient ( db/db ) hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic type 2 diabetic mice reduced cholesterol in total plasma and VLDL/LDL by ~ 28%and ~ 25%, respectively, without affecting phospholipid, triglyceride and glucose levels. Interestingly, these mice had lower plasma transaminases and creatine kinases indicating possible beneficial effects. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-30c reduced hepatic MTP activity and lipid synthesis. Moreover, miR-30c significantly lowered plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis in Western-diet fed low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice with no effect on plasma triglyceride, glucose and transaminases, suggesting that miR-30c can be a potential therapeutic agent for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. In all these studies, hepatic lipid levels were similar in control and miR-30c injected mice. These studies indicate that miR-30c reduces plasma cholesterol in diet-induced and diabetic hyperholesterolemic mice but not in normocholesterolemic mice. Thus, miR-30c may be beneficial in lowering plasma cholesterol in different metabolic disorders independent of the origin of hypercholesterolemia.

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The Role of Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres Mechanism in Cancer: Translational and Therapeutic Implications

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12040949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 949 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marta Recagni ◽

Joanna Bidzinska ◽

Nadia Zaffaroni ◽

Marco Folini

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cells ◽

Tumor Biology ◽

Telomerase Activity ◽

Telomere Maintenance ◽

Limited Information ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Telomerase Inhibitors ◽

Alternative Lengthening

Telomere maintenance mechanisms (i.e., telomerase activity (TA) and the alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) mechanism) contribute to tumorigenesis by providing unlimited proliferative capacity to cancer cells. Although the role of either telomere maintenance mechanisms seems to be equivalent in providing a limitless proliferative ability to tumor cells, the contribution of TA and ALT to the clinical outcome of patients may differ prominently. In addition, several strategies have been developed to interfere with TA in cancer, including Imetelstat that has been the first telomerase inhibitor tested in clinical trials. Conversely, the limited information available on the molecular underpinnings of ALT has hindered thus far the development of genuine ALT-targeting agents. Moreover, whether anti-telomerase therapies may be hampered or not by possible adaptive responses is still debatable. Nonetheless, it is plausible hypothesizing that treatment with telomerase inhibitors may exert selective pressure for the emergence of cancer cells that become resistant to treatment by activating the ALT mechanism. This notion, together with the evidence that both telomere maintenance mechanisms may coexist within the same tumor and may distinctly impinge on patients’ outcomes, suggests that ALT may exert an unexpected role in tumor biology that still needs to be fully elucidated.

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