Problematising ‘Recovery’ in Drug Policy within Great Britain: A Comparative Policy Analysis Between England, Wales and Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Klein ◽  
Jeremy Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Service User ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Problematic Drug ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Service Collaboration

AbstractDrug strategies in Great Britain emphasize the notion of recovery, with the concept being central in England, Wales and Scotland. There are however tensions, with recovery being defined differently across jurisdictions. In this study we address this dilemma by critically interrogating how the term recovery is represented, how these presentations are shaped and what effects are subsequently had. We applied an adapted version of Bacchi's What's the Problem Represented to Be? (WPR) policy analysis approach to the 2017 UK Drug Strategy, the 2008–2018 Welsh Drug Strategy and the 2008 Scottish Drug Strategy notions of service user responsibility; (b) recovery as ‘a problem of product quality’, shaped by the implicit notion of service provider responsibility and the disease model of addiction; (c) recovery as ‘a problem of service collaboration and teamwork’, underpinned by the bio-psycho-social model of addiction. We conclude that the problematisations found in GB’s current drug policies have the ability to shape the drug policy-making process which may limit mainstream knowledge of recovery, and thereby unintentionally contribute to a narrow understanding of how to effectively support the service user community in their recovery from problematic drug use.

scholarly journals On the biopolitics of humane drug policies: What can we learn from 19th century sobriety boards?

2021 ◽  
pp. 145507252110158
Author(s):  
Kenneth Arctander Johansen ◽  
Michel Vandenbroeck ◽  
Stijn Vandevelde
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
And Control ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Drug Policy Reform

Background: In accordance with recommendations from The United Nations’ Chief Executives Board of Coordination, several countries are in the process of reforming their punitive drug policies towards health-based approaches – from punishment to help. The Portuguese model of decriminalisation is generally seen as a good model for other countries and has been scientifically described in favourable terms, and not much scrutinised. Method: This article draws on foucauldian archaeological and genealogical approaches in order to understand and compare governance logics of the 19th century Norwegian sobriety boards and 21st century Portuguese commissions. In doing this, we problematize contemporary drug policy reform discussions that point to the “Portuguese model”, which aims to stop punishing and start helping drug-dependent people, are problematised. Findings: The Portuguese commissions investigate whether drug-using people are dependent or not. Dependency, circumstances of consumption and their economy are considered when the commission decides on penalising, assisting, or treating the person, or a combination of all this. This model was studied alongside the Norwegian sobriety boards mandated by the Sobriety Act that was implemented in 1932. Sobriety boards governed poor alcoholics. Authorities from the sobriety movement were central in creating sobriety policies that culminated in sobriety boards. The Portuguese commissions have similarities to Norwegian sobriety boards. They make use of sanctions and treatment to govern people who use illicit substances to make them abstain, with the view that this is emancipatory for these people. The different apparatuses have distinct and different ways of making up, and governing their subjects. Conclusion: This article contributes to debates on drug policy reforms and aims to investigate whether they might produce biopower effects of governance masked by an emancipatory language. There is a need for critical studies on drug policy reforms to avoid policies that maintain divisions and control marginalised populations.

Policy analysis in state governments in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Olmeda
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
State Level ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Mexican Politics

State governments have acquired a central role in Mexican politics and policy making during the last decades as a result of both democratization and decentralization. Nowadays state governments not only concentrate a significant portion of prerogatives and responsibilities in terms of service delivery but also control a substantial share of public spending. However, no systematic studies have been developed in order to understand how state governments function. This chapter provides an overview on how policies are crafted at the subnational (state) level in Mexico, the main actors taking place in the process and the way in which professional knowledge and advice influence policy makers. As it argues, the central role in the policy making process is played by the executive branch, being the governors the ones who have the final word in most important decisions. In addition, secretaries also concentrate power in particular policy areas. As a result of the lack of a professional civil service, however, a significant portion of policy analysis is performed by non-governmental actors (universities, NGOs and private firms). The chapter applies this framework to analyze a particular Mexican state, namely Mexico City.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to adherence to national drug policies on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fosiul Alam Nizame ◽  
Dewan Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Emily K. Rousham ◽  
Salma Akter ◽  
Mohammad Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Drug Shop ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
National Drug ◽  
National Drug Policy ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background The National Drug Policy in Bangladesh prohibits the sale and distribution of antibiotics without prescription from a registered physician. Compliance with this policy is poor; prescribing antibiotics by unqualified practitioners is common and over-the-counter dispensing widespread. In Bangladesh, unqualified practitioners such as drug shop operators are a major source of healthcare for the poor and disadvantaged. This paper reports on policy awareness among drug shop operators and their customers and identifies current dispensing practices, barriers and facilitators to policy adherence. Methods We conducted a qualitative study in rural and urban Bangladesh from June 2019 to August 2020. This included co-design workshops (n = 4) and in-depth interviews (n = 24) with drug shop operators and customers/household members, key informant interviews (n = 12) with key personnel involved in aspects of the antibiotic supply chain including pharmaceutical company representatives, and model drug shop operators; and a group discussion with stakeholders representing key actors in informal market systems namely: representatives from the government, private sector, not-for-profit sector and membership organizations. Results Barriers to policy compliance among drug shop operators included limited knowledge of government drug policies, or the government-led Bangladesh Pharmacy Model Initiative (BPMI), a national guideline piloted to regulate drug sales. Drug shop operators had no clear knowledge of different antibiotic generations, how and for what diseases antibiotics work contributing to inappropriate antibiotic dispensing. Nonetheless, drug shop operators wanted the right to prescribe antibiotics based on having completed related training. Drug shop customers cited poor healthcare facilities and inadequate numbers of attending physician as a barrier to obtaining prescriptions and they described difficulties differentiating between qualified and unqualified providers. Conclusion Awareness of the National Drug Policy and the BPMI was limited among urban and rural drug shop operators. Poor antibiotic prescribing practice is additionally hampered by a shortage of qualified physicians; cultural and economic barriers to accessing qualified physicians, and poor implementation of regulations. Increasing qualified physician access and increasing training and certification of drug shop operators could improve the alignment of practices with national policy.

The Global Drug Policy Index: tracking national drug policies

The Lancet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 398 (10313) ◽  
pp. 1788-1789
Author(s):  
Jacqui Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Index Tracking ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Drug Policies

Developing Virtual Communities to Support Drug Policy Knowledge Exchange

2013 ◽  
pp. 279-302
Author(s):  
Mowafa Househ ◽  
Andre W. Kushniruk ◽  
Malcolm Maclure ◽  
Bruce Carleton ◽  
Denise Cloutier-Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Action Case

Within Canada, there is a growing need in the area of drug policy to develop virtual communities to facilitate knowledge exchange between academics and policy-makers. Such collaborations are regarded as a way to make research relevant by influencing the policy-making process. This chapter presents an action case study of three drug policy groups participating in various virtual knowledge exchange activities. The experiences and lessons learned by each group participating in this study are provided. Recommendations and solutions to conduct successful virtual knowledge exchange meetings based on the findings of this research are also provided.

German Angst in a liberalised world of welfare capitalism: the hidden problem with post-conservative welfare policies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Betzelt ◽  
Ingo Bode
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Welfare Capitalism ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Welfare Reforms ◽  
Generous Welfare

This chapter provides an understanding of the emotional states of those experiencing welfare retrenchment. According to a widespread reading, Germany, subsequent to the financial crisis of the late 2000s, has seen a stunning comeback as a social model allowing for both a booming economy and generous welfare provision. However, in the recent past Germany has been facing a social crisis that is poorly understood in both the public debate and major contributions to welfare policy analysis. This crisis refers to the hostile reaction of parts of the population to the massive immigration of refugees starting in 2015, and is indicative of a more deep-seated transformation of Germany's social model — namely its creeping liberalisation. This transformation comes with a hidden problem, that is, emotional states of fear — or a new ‘German Angst’ — engendered by both path-breaking welfare reforms and a ‘de-securitised’ life course.

The Evaluation and Control of Drugs in Norway

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Jøldal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Medical Care System ◽  
International Policies ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
And Control

The basic aim of a drug policy is to ensure that effective and safe drugs of good quality are available to cover the health needs of a country. A national drug policy should be considered an integral part of any comprehensive health-care policy. The formulation of national drug policies varies even between similar countries because of conflicting interests and different political, economic, and social pressures. It is influenced by such factors as:the health situation of the country;the medical care system;the education and training of health personnel;the social security and health-insurance schemes;drug research and development possibilities;the domestic production of drugs;the determination of the demand for drugs;the system of drug distribution;the possibilities for evaluation and control of drugs; andinternational policies on medicinal products.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Warisan Budaya Bangka: Inkonsistensi Kebijakan, Regulasi dan Partisipasi Publik

Society ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Iskandar Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Cultural Heritage Management ◽  
District Policy ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Expert Team ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

This study aimed to describe government policy in managing the cultural heritage as a basis for legal regulation spawned cultural heritage management can strengthen the identity. This study uses qualitative policy analysis. Policy analysis seeks to influence the policy-making process "through research and arguments that not only supports the analysis of "problem", but also an analysis of what options or alternative policies to be taken". The results showed that the cultural heritage management policy which consists of the management of cultural heritage and the management of cultural heritage objects in Bangka generally been contained in the strategic documents the district level. Strategic documents such as RPJMD, RKPD, Renstra, and RTRW district policy contains clear enough about the efforts to optimize the development of culture and tourism program. But, in terms of implementation of cultural heritage management is still hampered by the absence of regulationsgoverning technical matters in the management of cultural heritage. The issue of the lack of regulation has an impact on the emergence of various internal constraints in the field of culture and tourism as well as cross-sectoral as seen from the unavailability of an expert team of cultural heritage, human resources competent in the field of culture, inconsistent implementation of culture, cultural heritage and knowledge of cultural heritage objects are less effective in the community. This affects the level of public participation in the management of cultural heritage in the future.

scholarly journals Figuras e facetas da lógica proibicionista-medicalizante nas políticas sobre drogas no Brasil / Figures and facets of the prohibitionist-medicalinzg logic in Brazilian drug policies

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Araújo Brito Neto ◽  
Flavia Cristina Silveira Lemos ◽  
Dolores Cristina Gomes Galindo ◽  
Alcindo Antônio Ferla ◽  
Michelle Ribeiro Côrrea
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
The Core ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Política Criminal

ResumoEste artigo visa apresentar uma análise teórica a respeito da lei e norma na definição da opção política proibicionista no Brasil, nas últimas décadas. O debate central é como as políticas sobre drogas têm sido embasadas na perspectiva proibicionista. No bojo dessa postura de proibição legal, a tática repressiva ganhou expressão social e foi inscrita no plano da soberania jurídica normatizadora. Os movimentos de lei e ordem cada vez maisse entrecruzaram e passaram a requisitar a criminalizaçãodo uso e do comércio de drogas, em especial as consideradas ilícitas em um intricado campo de governamentalidades resultante de uma política criminal encarceradora e de umaperspectiva medicalizante do consumo de drogas legais, taiscomo os psicofármacos. Paralelamente, um conjunto de práticas discursivas e de poderoperaram conjuntamente na definição do que são drogas e de quais são lícitas e quais são ilícitas, por meio de um sistema de repartição complexo.Palavras-chave: Proibicionismo; Governamentalidades; Medicalização; Práticas sociais; Política sobre Drogas.AbstractThis paper offers a theoretical analysis of law and norm in the definition of Brazil’s prohibitionist drug policy in recent decades. The central argument advances that drug policies have been based on a prohibitionist perspective. At the core of this stance of legal prohibition, repressive tactics gained social acceptanceand were inscribed in a plan towards a normalizing judicial sovereignty. Law and order movements increasingly intercrossed and instituted the criminalization of drug use and the drug trade- particularly for those deemed illegal - by means of an intricate field of governmentalities which resulted in a carceral criminal policy and a medicalized view of legal drug use, including psychotropics. In parallel, a set of discursive and powerpractices operated jointly to define through a complex system of classification what constitutes a drug and which drugs are to be considered legal or illegal.Keywords: Prohibition; Governmentalities; Medicalization; Social Practices; Drug Policy.

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