Defining and Distinguishing Homeland from National Security and Climate-Related Environmental Security, in Theory and Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence M. O’Sullivan ◽  
Jim Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
National Security ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Policy And Strategy

AbstractThe worsening effects of human-caused climate change, as well as issues most American view as “homeland security” (HS) can be seen in the news almost every day. Yet most in the general public and even many in security-related fields do not connect the two arenas, even though climate change, and interrelated resource competition and conflicts that together make up the growing field of environmental security (ES), are increasingly important risk and response variables for homeland security and emergency management. Current climate change effects are already destructive and volatile, but the future projected impacts are likely to be severe and costly to the economic, political, and social health of many nations as well as to a large proportion of the world’s population. The focus of this paper is to describe and connect the evolving concepts of environmental security, homeland security, and national security (NS). Definitions and missions for each concept are discussed, consistent with current, even if contested, practice and theory. Better comparative analysis of these unique but intimately connected realms will help advance the development of more comprehensive and sustainable security policy and strategy.

Environmental Security and Climate Change: A Link to Homeland Security

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Hughes Butts
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Security ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Security Community

AbstractIt is time to broaden our thinking on the concept of homeland security and recognize the degree to which environmental security, and in particular climate change, affects US homeland security equities. Understanding how environmental security became a national security issue may be beneficial as the homeland security community seeks to understand the emerging issue of climate change and strategic documents linking climate change and homeland security.

Environmental Security and Climate Change

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Dalby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth

Environmental security focuses on the ecological conditions necessary for sustainable development. It encompasses discussions of the relationships between environmental change and conflict as well as the larger global policy issues linking resources and international relations to the necessity for doing both development and security differently. Climate change has become an increasingly important part of the discussion as its consequences have become increasingly clear. What is not at all clear is in what circumstances climate change may turn out to be threat multiplier leading to conflict. Earth system science findings and the recognition of the scale of human transformations of nature in what is understood in the 21st century to be a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, now require environmental security to be thought of in terms of preventing the worst dangers of fragile states being unable to cope with the stresses caused by rapid environmental change or perhaps the economic disruptions caused by necessary transitions to a post fossil fueled economic system. But so far, at least, this focus on avoiding the worst consequences of future climate change has not displaced traditional policies of energy security that primarily ensure supplies of fossil fuels to power economic growth. Failure to make this transition will lead to further rapid disruptions of climate and add impetus to proposals to artificially intervene in the earth system using geoengineering techniques, which might in turn generate further conflicts from states with different interests in how the earth system is shaped in future. While the Paris Agreement on Climate Change recognized the urgency of tackling climate change, the topic has not become security policy priority for most states, nor yet for the United Nations, despite numerous policy efforts to securitize climate change and instigate emergency responses to deal with the issue. More optimistic interpretations of the future suggest possibilities of using environmental actions to facilitate peace building and a more constructive approach to shaping earth’s future.

National Security Policy and Strategy and Cyber Security Risks

2016 ◽  
pp. 22-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Injac ◽  
Ramo Šendelj
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Internet Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Policy And Strategy

This chapter gives explanation on theoretical framework of the national security policy and strategy. Moreover, it analyzes selected countries approaches to cyber security in national policy and how countries build their capacities to face with risks, and address objectives in some cyber security policies. Also, in this chapter are described different sorts and sources of cyber threats, techniques of cyber attacks and frequently used tools (software and hardware) by cyber attackers. In addition, according with Symantec's and Kaspersky's annual report about Internet security threats for 2014, were analyzed the most important cyber threats and attacks during 2013. Furthermore, the chapter shows organization structure of cyber security system of Montenegro, statistical analysis of users activities in cyber space and cyber incidents that happened in Montenegro during 2014.

Environmental Security: Policy within a Violent Imaginary

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Stripple
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Environmental Organizations ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

The environment is now well established as part of an imagery of a world that is becoming more violent, more conflict ridden and less secure for many people. Imaginations of a climate changed world feed into a horizon of the future that is increasingly understood as indeterminate and uncertain, thereby requiring new modes of preparedness and precaution. While writings on security and the environment existed before the 1990s, it was the end of the Cold War that unlocked and energized the nexus. Environmental security remains an ambiguous concept with many fault-lines among and within academia, think-tanks, environmental organizations and the military establishment. Much scholarship has been preoccupied with the question of how to best define environmental security, but security needs to be recognized as a mode of governing that does things, and that needs to be approached in terms of its effects. Hence, the question: what kind of new political practices become legitimized when climate change is increasingly governed as an emergency?

Les entrepreneurs de la prise de décision : l'exemple des politiques de sécurité nationale de l'administration G. W. Bush (2001–2004)

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles-Philippe David ◽  
Sébastien Barthe
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Patriot Act ◽  
Prise De Décision ◽  
War In Iraq

Résumé.Comment expliquer la politique de sécurité nationale américaine, notamment l'évolution de certaines décisions en matière de politique étrangère et de sécurité intérieure ? Quels acteurs et quels facteurs rendent compte des résultats pour le moins controversés de celles-ci ? Au-delà des discours, des institutions et des énoncés, les choix de sécurité ont été l'œuvre de ceux que nous surnommons les « entrepreneurs » de la prise de décision. La question à laquelle cet article veut répondre est précisément de savoir qui sont ces « entrepreneurs » et comment ils ont réalisé cet objectif de transformation des politiques de sécurité des États-Unis. Trois prises de décision de la première administration Bush sont abordées : la guerre préventive en Irak, la redéfinition légale de la notion de torture, et l'institutionnalisation plus grande de la sécurité intérieure.Abstract.How are we to explain U.S. foreign policy, particularly policymaking on national security and homeland security, under the first administration of G. W. Bush? Who were the actors and what were the factors that produced what were, to say the least, controversial results? Looking beyond the speeches, statements and institutions, the security decisions can be seen as the work of “policy entrepreneurs.” This article considers who those entrepreneurs were and how they achieved their goal of transforming U.S. security policy. Three decisions are discussed: the pre-emptive war in Iraq, the legal redefinition of torture by the Bush administration, and the institutionalization of homeland security, in particular thePatriot Act.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Security: The Opportunities and Challenges of Incorporating Environmental Threats in Security Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmi Räisänen ◽  
Emma Hakala ◽  
Jussi T. Eronen ◽  
Janne I. Hukkinen ◽  
Mikko J. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Wide Range

In security and foreign policy discourse, environmental issues have been discussed increasingly as security threats that require immediate action. Yet, as the traditional security sector does not provide straightforward means to deal with climate change and other environmental issues, this has prompted concerns over undue securitisation and ill-placed extreme measures. We argue that an effective policy to address foreseeable environmental security threats can only be developed and maintained by ensuring that it remains resolutely within the domain of civil society. In this article, we consider the case of Finland, where the policy concept of comprehensive security has been presented as the official guideline for security and preparedness activities in different sectors. Comprehensive security aims to safeguard the vital functions of society through cooperation between authorities, business operators, organisations, and citizens. We analyse the opportunities and challenges of Finland’s comprehensive security policy in addressing environmental changes through a three-level framework of local, geopolitical and structural security impacts. Our empirical evidence is based on a set of expert interviews (n = 40) that represent a wide range of fields relevant to unconventional security issues. We find that the Finnish comprehensive security model provides an example of a wide and inclusive perspective to security which would allow for taking into account environmental security concerns. However, due to major challenges in the implementation of the model, it does not fully incorporate the long-term, cross-sectoral, and cascading aspects of environmental threats. This weakens Finland’s preparedness against climate change which currently poses some of the most urgent environmental security problems.

NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Pliushch ◽  
◽  
Viktoriia Filippova ◽  
Oksana Pronina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Task ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Entire Society

Globalization has become one of the factors that led to the formation of a new concept of national security, according to which it is an integral part of the system of the highest level (regional, international, global security), which is a consequence of the integration of the world community in an effort to overcome common threats and challenges. Provision of national security is the main task of the foreign policy of the state, the aim of the national security policy is protection of the state and society from external threats. It is established that national security is a process that includes various measures that guarantee the long and free existence and national (state) development, including the protection and defense of the state as a political institution, and the protection of people and the entire society, their benefits and the natural environment from threats that significantly limit its functioning or harm the benefits subject to special protection. The analysis of the process of formation and development of ideas and views on the problem of defining the essence and content of national security showed that national security acts as an extremely complex, contradictory and long-term, but very important and necessary process to ensure sustainable development of society and state, the preconditions of which were established in different historical eras. It has been proved that national security policy and strategy should define the roles and boundaries of different actors of the country's security, appropriate mechanisms of coordination of their activities and rules of interagency support. In the context of globalization, national security strategies should include a realistic assessment of the costs and sustainability of security institutions and plan their development, in addition, national security strategies and policies are not static and require periodic updating.

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