Code-switching Llibre dels Fets: Language ideology in the 13th century Crown of Aragon

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afra Pujol i Campeny
Keyword(s):  
Language Ideology ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
James I ◽  
Crown Of Aragon ◽  
Express Group

AbstractIn this article, I explore code-switching in Llibre dels Fets (a 13th century chronicle that narrates the life and deeds of king James I of Aragon) from a glottopolitical perspective in order to uncover the linguistic ideologies reflected in the text through this phenomenon. Code-switching in contemporary Romance languages, as well as in Latin and Arabic, is found throughout the text, mostly within reported speech. Through the analysis of these fragments and the analysis of the labels used to refer to each of these varieties, it is shown that: (i) different varieties are used to express either allegiance (Catalan and Occitan) or opposition (Western Ibero-Romance) to the figure of the King, and that that Aragonese was erased as a language of the Crown of Aragon; (ii) code-switching in Latin is used to confer authority to the discourse; (iii) code-switching in the Romance languages is a mechanism to express group membership; and finally (iv) that mutual intelligibility between Catalan and the attested contemporary Romance varieties is assumed at the time of composition of the text.

Sui testi romanzi medievali in grafia greca come fonte di informazione linguistica

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Maggiore
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Medieval Romance ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Greek Alphabet ◽  
Source Of Information

AbstractMedieval Romance texts in the Greek alphabet are generally considered a very reliable source of information about spoken vernacular varieties, mainly due to the intrinsic independence of their writers from the Latin graphic tradition. Nevertheless, as first observed by Alberto Varvaro and Anna Maria Compagna in 1983, these valuable documents, like any other kind of written evidence, are not immune from some degree of conventionality. This paper will focus on the problems raised by the codification of Romance languages in the Greek alphabet, which requires the study of multilingualism, language contact and coexistence of different (written and oral) cultural traditions. Exemplification will come from Italo-Romance texts produced in Sicily and Southern Italy before 1500, but also from texts of other Romance areas like the Gallo-Romance 13th Century

Code-switching in Italo-Brazilian literature from Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo: A sociolinguistic analysis of the forms and functions of literary code-switching

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina B Müller
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Stylistic Function

Italo-Brazilian prose texts from São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, written from the 1920s until today, either in Brazilian Portuguese with Italian code-switches, or in the Venetian koiné spoken by the Italian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, sometimes switching to Portuguese, are an early, but so far largely neglected example of literary code-switching representing the multilingual immigrants’ communities. In a sociolinguistic analysis of these texts I will argue that the conversational functions of literary code-switching, especially in reported speech, are comparable to those found in spontaneous utterances, if considered in a continuum between conceptually oral and conceptually written language ( Koch and Oesterreicher, 1985 ). On the micro-level the stylistic function of code-switching plays a more prominent role in literature than in other genres, but on the macro level this kind of code-switching can also be regarded as a response to bilingual identity. In this respect, literary code-switching is used as an approximation strategy between the two closely related contact languages that gives the minority language prestige and thus contributes to its preservation.

scholarly journals É vida, olha…: Imperatives as discourse markers and grammaticalization paths in Romance

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fagard
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Established Fact

In this paper, we investigate the evolution from imperatives to discourse markers in Romance, with a corpus-based approach. We focus on the case of items coming from verbs meaning ‘to look’, in a semasiological perspective: Spanish and Catalan mira, Portuguese olha, Italian guarda, French regarde, Romanian uite. We show that they all share many uses, among which turn-taking, introduction of reported speech, hesitation phenomenon, topic-shifting and modalization, except for French regarde. We then establish (against Waltereit, 2002) that the development of these uses is the result of a process of grammaticalization, from lexical, clause-internal uses to uses as discourse markers, in a cline which tends to confirm the predictions made by Brinton and Traugott (2005). The lesser grammaticalization of French regarde could seem unimportant, but is in apparent contradiction with the now well-established fact that French is, of all Romance languages, the most grammaticalized. We try, in conclusion, to address this paradox: is French not so grammaticalized after all, or is this just an exception to the rule?

The discursive pathway of two centuries of raciolinguistic stereotyping: ‘Africans as incapable of speaking French’

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile B. Vigouroux
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Language Ideology ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Grammatical Structures

AbstractThis article is about the discursive pathway of grammatical structures such as y'a bon ‘there's good’, documenting how, in Hexagonal France, it has become an ‘enregistered emblem’ for indexing sub-Saharan Africans and, by extension, any African as allegedly incapable of speaking French competently. I argue that tracing pathways makes it possible to unveil the intricacy of the historicities of production, circulation, and interpretations of such racially based linguistic stereotypes. One of the central questions addressed in this article is: What are the sociohistorical conditions of the emergence and maintenance of these linguistic stereotypes? I show that these are grounded in long-standing linguistic ideologies of French as an exceptional language and of African languages and, therefore, their speakers, as primitive. I demonstrate how the rise of first age mass culture in the nineteenth century contributed to both the entextualization and the circulation of these stereotypical representations. (Stereotypes, mediatization, enregisterment, language ideology, France, Africa)*

“You’re a Juksing”: Examining Cantonese–English Code-Switching as an Index of Identity

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odilia Yim ◽  
Richard Clément
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Bilingual Communities ◽  
Chinese Group

Code-switching, the spontaneous switching from one language to another, shows unique structural and functional patterns in different bilingual communities. Though historically viewed as negative, it has been documented as an acceptable way of speaking in certain contexts, namely multilingual communities. We investigated the implications of code-switching on bilinguals’ language attitudes and identities in Toronto, a distinctly multilingual and multicultural metropolis. Twelve Cantonese–English bilinguals participated in a semi-structured interview discussing their code-switching and language attitudes. Interviews were then evaluated using a critical realist framework and analysed via first and second cycle coding. Code-switching elicited mixed emotions: It was a source of pride, but also a reminder of weak Cantonese language skills due to others’ metalinguistic comments and judgments. Participants’ code-switching indexed them as juksings, labelling them as Chinese individuals born and raised overseas, de-authenticating their Chinese group membership. Results are discussed with regard to ethnic identity and intra-group communication.

Pijin and shifting language ideologies in urban Solomon Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Jourdan ◽  
Johanne Angeli
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Language Ideology ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Symbolic Domination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThrough the analysis of the various language ideologies that have shaped the sociolinguistic history of Pijin, the lingua franca of Solomon Islands, this article attempts to shed light on the peculiar complexity of the postcolonial linguistic situations where more prestigious and less prestigious languages coexist in the same sociological niche. These ideologies are: reciprocal multilingualism, hierarchical multilingualism, linguistic pragmatism, and linguistic nationalism. Specifically, the article focuses on the development and coalescence of linguistic ideologies that lead Pijin speakers to shift perceptions of Pijin—in a context of urban identity construction that acts as a force of its own. In the case of Pijin, linguistic legitimacy seems to be lagging behind social legitimacy. We show that the development of new ideologies can lead to the re-evaluation of the meaning of symbolic domination of one language (in this case English) over another one (Pijin), without necessarily challenging this symbolic domination. (Language ideology, youth, urbanization, pidgins and creoles, Solomon Islands)*

scholarly journals Koodinvaihdot ja prosodia

Virittäjä ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Wiklund ◽  
Salla Kurhila
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Telephone Conversation ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Quality Of Voice ◽  
The Relationship

Koodinvaihdolla tarkoitetaan kielen tai kielimuodon vaihtumista toiseksi samassa puhetilanteessa tai tekstissä. Koodinvaihtoja on tutkittu paljon, mutta niiden prosodisten piirteiden käsittely on jäänyt lähinnä maininnan tasolle. Tämä artikkeli tarkastelee lähemmin koodinvaihtojen prosodiaa. Tavoitteena on koodinvaihtoja sisältävää keskusteluaineistoa analysoimalla valottaa prosodian osuutta koodinvaihtojen merkitysten tulkinnassa. Tutkimuksen aineistona on puolen tunnin puhelinkeskustelu, jossa Suomessa syntynyt mutta pitkään Kanadassa asunut nainen keskustelee Suomessa asuvan siskonpoikansa kanssa. Aineistossa on yhteensä 73 koodinvaihtoesiintymää, joissa keskustelun kieli vaihtuu hetkellisesti suomesta englanniksi. Menetelmällisesti tutkimus nojautuu keskustelunanalyysiin. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että useimmiten koodinvaihtoihin liittyy sävelkorkeuden ja intensiteetin nousu. Tyypillisiä koodinvaihtotapauksia, joissa sävelkorkeus ja intensiteetti nousevat, ovat lainasanat ja referointi. Lainasanoissa nousulla ohjataan vastaanottajan huomiota ja haetaan hänen reaktiotaan sanoihin, jotka ovat olennaisia vuoron sisällön tai kertomuksen kannalta mutta joiden tunnistamisessa saattaisi olla ongelmia. Referoinnissa sen sijaan prosodiset muutokset auttavat luomaan ”toisen äänen”. Tällöin sävelkorkeuden ja intensiteetin nousemiseen voi liittyä myös värittynyt äänenlaatu. Molemmissa tapauksissa prosodinen kohosteisuus koodinvaihdossa kutsuu vastaanottajaa terästämään huomiotaan kyseisiin sanoihin tai ilmauksiin. Nousevan sävelkorkeuden lisäksi aineistossa esiintyy myös jonkin verran ympäristöä matalammalta sävelkorkeudelta ja hiljaisemmalla äänellä lausuttuja koodinvaihtoilmauksia. Tällöin koodinvaihdot ovat pikemmin vuorovaikutusta jäsentäviä ilmauksia kuin kertomuksen kannalta olennaisia sisältösanoja ja enemmän puhujalle itselleen kuin vastaanottajalle suunnattua puhetta. Prosodian vaihtelulla voidaan siis säädellä vastaanottajuuden astetta ja merkitä käytössä olevien kielten suhdetta toisiinsa.   Code-switching and prosody: A case study of the speech of an expatriate Finn living in Canada Code-switching occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages or language varieties in the same conversation or text. As a phenomenon, code-switching has been investigated fairly extensively, but the prosodic features that characterise many of the switches have not gained much attention in previous studies. This article examines the prosody of code-switching instances in more detail. By analysing naturally occurring conversational data, the article sheds light on the role that prosody plays in the interpretation of code-switching instances. The data consists of a 30-minute telephone conversation in which a lady, who was born in Finland but has lived in Canada for a long time, talks with her nephew, who lives in Finland. The conversation features 73 occurrences of code-switching in which the language of the conversation changes momentarily from Finnish to English. The method of our study is that of Conversation Analysis. The results of the study show that the instances of code-switching are usually produced with raised levels of pitch and intensity. Speakers typically use higher pitch and intensity when uttering loanwords or reported speech. As for loanwords, such prosodic marking invites the recipient to pay attention to the word that carries the rise in order to elicit a reaction to words whose recognition might be problematic. In the case of reported speech, however, prosodic features help to create a “second voice”. In addition to changes of pitch and intensity, the quality of voice can be marked in reported speech. In both these cases the prosodic marking carried by the code-switching invites the recipient to pay attention to the words or expressions in question. In addition to raised pitch and intensity, the data also includes several instances in which the code-switching is marked with lowered levels of pitch and intensity. In these cases, the code-switching typically consists of expressions that structure the interaction rather than constitute important content words as regards the ongoing narration. Furthermore, these instances are also more directed towards the speaker herself than to the recipient. Thus, prosodic changes can be used to regulate the degree of recipiency and to indicate the relationship between the languages being used.  

scholarly journals Being a former Second World War partisan: Reported speech and the expression of local identity

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Guerini
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Interactional Sociolinguistics ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
World War ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis paper presents a qualitative analysis of narrative sequences extracted from a sample of semistructured interviews to a group of former Second World War partisans living in the Camonica valley (in the province of Brescia), for a total of roughly 15 hours of recordings. The analysis combines the interpretative frameworks of conversation analysis and interactional sociolinguistics with the study of reported speech and of the strategies of voice representation in dialogic and narrative texts. Special attention is devoted to the use of code-switching as a ‘contextualisation cue’ (Gumperz 1982) in order to mark portions of reported speech and set them off from the surrounding talk or from the main flow of a narrative episode, even in the absence of explicit recourse to verba dicendi or other quotation devices. Our findings show that code-switching may serve as a quotative marker, whereby speakers index the beginning of the reported utterances and shape the characters alternating in a dialogic sequence by drawing on the various linguistic resources at their disposal.

scholarly journals Social identity and language ideology: challenging hegemonic visions of English in Brazil

Gragoatá ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (42) ◽  
pp. 370-392
Author(s):  
Joel Austin Windle
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Language Ideology ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
First Person ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Practices

This paper seeks to investigate the social identities connected to English in Brazil by connecting these to linguistic ideologies, and reflecting on how they may be challenged. It is based on first-person narration of “critical moments” from the perspective of an English language “native speaker” migrant to Brazil. The reflections identify how race is intimately connected to the “native speaker” category, theorised through the notions of “racial acceptability” and “racial capital”, drawing on a Bourdieusian theoretical framework. The article concludes with examples of challenges to the “native speaker” model in the hybrid linguistic practices of Brazilian youth.--- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.2017n42a894---Original in English.

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