scholarly journals Effects of Glucose Ingestion on Serum Fractalkine Levels in Healthy Subjects and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Baldane ◽  
Ismail Can Kendir ◽  
Cem Onur Kirac ◽  
Suleyman Ipekci ◽  
Gulsum Tekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

Summary Fractalkine (FKN) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been shown with increased serum levels in diabetic patients and is considered to contribute to the adipose tissue inflammation by supporting monocyte adhesion to adipocytes which has an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim was to evaluate the effects of glucose ingestion on the serum fractal - kine levels in healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and newly diagnosed T2DM patients. A total of 67 patients were included in this study, and they were divided into NGT (n=34) and T2DM (n=33) groups according to their oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. The serum FKN and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured at 0 and 120 minutes during an OGTT following overnight fasting. The 0-minute (basal) and 120-minute OGTT FKN levels were found to be significantly higher in the T2DM group when compared to the NGT group (p=0.012 and p=0.001, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of the changes in the basal and 120-minute OGTT FKN levels in the T2DM and NGT groups (p=0.433 and p=0.06, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between the 120-minute OGTT FKN and glucose levels in the study group consisting of all of the patients (r=0.331, p=0.006). Conclusions: In this study, basal and post-glycemic load FKN levels were found to be higher in newly diagnosed T2DM patients than those with NGT; however, there was no additional change in FKN levels by glycemic load.

scholarly journals Malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsen Ozdemır ◽  
Meltem Ozden ◽  
Hale Maral ◽  
Sevinc Kuskay ◽  
Pinar Cetınalp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: High levels of homocysteine and oxidative stress are known to be associated with premature vascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to estimate homocysteine levels and oxidant-antioxidant status and to determine the relationship between them in type 2 diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria. Methods: Fasting blood samples were obtained from 48 diabetic patients (17 with and 31 without microalbuminuria) and 20 healthy subjects. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured in these patients and the results were compared with those of controls who were chosen among healthy subjects. Results: MDA levels were found to be significantly lower and GSH levels and GPx activities were found to be significantly higher in control subjects when compared with patients with and without microalbuminuria (MDA: P<0.0001, P<0.0001; GSH: P<0.0001, P<0.0001; GPx: P<0.0001, P<0.001, respectively). MDA levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with microalbuminuria compared with patients without microalbuminuria ( P<0.0001), while similarly GSH levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with microalbuminuria ( P<0.0001). Although there were no significant differences with respect to tHcy levels and GPx activities between the microalbuminuric and normoalbuminuric patients ( P>0.05), there was a significant difference with respect to tHcy levels between healthy controls and patients with microalbuminuria ( P<0.05). The serum levels of tHcy correlated best with plasma MDA and erythrocyte GSH concentrations in all diabetic patients ( r=0.549, P<0.0001; r=0.385, P<0.01). Conclusion: Decreased antioxidant levels, increased lipid peroxidation and increased tHcy levels were observed in patients with microalbuminuria. These changes may contribute to vascular disease, which is particularly prevalent in type 2 DM patients with microalbuminuria.

scholarly journals Reduced skeletal muscle phosphocreatine concentration in type 2 diabetic patients: a quantitative image-based phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy study

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. E229-E239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika M. Ripley ◽  
Geoffrey D. Clarke ◽  
Vala Hamidi ◽  
Robert A. Martinez ◽  
Floyd D. Settles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Mitochondrial function has been examined in insulin-resistant (IR) states including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in T2DM reported results as relative concentrations of metabolite ratios, which could obscure differences in phosphocreatine ([PCr]) and adenosine triphosphate concentrations ([ATP]) between T2DM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals. We used an image-guided 31P-MRS method to quantitate [PCr], inorganic phosphate [Pi], phosphodiester [PDE], and [ATP] in vastus lateralis (VL) muscle in 11 T2DM and 14 NGT subjects. Subjects also received oral glucose tolerance test, euglycemic insulin clamp, 1H-MRS to measure intramyocellular lipids [IMCL], and VL muscle biopsy to evaluate mitochondrial density. T2DM subjects had lower absolute [PCr] and [ATP] than NGT subjects (PCr 28.6 ± 3.2 vs. 24.6 ± 2.4, P < 0.002, and ATP 7.18 ± 0.6 vs. 6.37 ± 1.1, P < 0.02) while [PDE] was higher, but not significantly. [PCr], obtained using the traditional ratio method, showed no significant difference between groups. [PCr] was negatively correlated with HbA1c ( r = −0.63, P < 0.01) and fasting plasma glucose ( r = −0.51, P = 0.01). [PDE] was negatively correlated with Matsuda index ( r = −0.43, P = 0.03) and M/I ( r = −0.46, P = 0.04), but was positively correlated with [IMCL] ( r = 0.64, P < 0.005), HbA1c, and FPG ( r = 0.60, P = 0.001). To summarize, using a modified, in vivo quantitative 31P-MRS method, skeletal muscle [PCr] and [ATP] are reduced in T2DM, while this difference was not observed with the traditional ratio method. The strong inverse correlation between [PCr] vs. HbA1c, FPG, and insulin sensitivity supports the concept that lower baseline skeletal muscle [PCr] is related to key determinants of glucose homeostasis.

scholarly journals Increased Circulating Levels of Ectodysplasin A in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Deng ◽  
Zhensheng Cai ◽  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Xunan Wu ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
Fasting Plasma

ObjectiveEctodysplasin A (EDA), a newly discovered hepatokine, has recently been considered to be closely related to glycolipid metabolism disorders, but the pathophysiological effects of EDA are still poorly understood. This study was the first time to determine the level of serum EDA in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to explore the relationships between serum EDA levels and various metabolic indexes.MethodsA total of 184 subjects were enrolled in the study, including 92 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM and 92 subjects with age- and sex-matched normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Serum EDA levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oral glucose tolerance test, glycosylated hemoglobin c (HbA1c), and insulin were also measured.ResultsSerum EDA levels were significantly increased in the T2DM group than in the NGT group (359.91 ± 117.99 vs. 265.82 ± 86.51 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001). Serum EDA levels were positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), fasting plasma insulin (FIns), fasting C peptide (FCP), triglyceride (TG), HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and HOMA-β (p &lt; 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that 2hPG and FIns were independent influencing factors of serum EDA level (p &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum EDA level was significantly independently correlated with T2DM (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsSerum EDA levels are significantly higher in T2DM patients, suggesting that EDA may play a role in the occurrence and development of T2DM.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7228
Author(s):  
Ching-Chia Wang ◽  
Huang-Jen Chen ◽  
Ding-Cheng Chan ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.

Plasma Folate Levels in Men with Type 2 Diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Sakuta ◽  
Suzuki ◽  
Yasuda ◽  
Ito
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Plasma Folate ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Limited data suggest that folate levels are higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We compared the fasting plasma folate, glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and supplementary vitamin use among male subjects with NGT, those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and those with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Plasma folate of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and that of patients with previously diagnosed diabetes was significantly higher than that of NGT subjects (p < 0.001). Prevalence of vitamin use was lower in newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic subjects. Self-rated vegetable intake was similar among the four groups. FPG, BMI, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure correlated with plasma folate levels independently of lifestyle factors studied. These results suggest that plasma folate levels are elevated in male diabetic patients independently of health-conscious behavior that is recommended for diabetic people.

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