Vascular risk factors are associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Keel ◽  
Catherine Itsiopoulos ◽  
Konstandina Koklanis ◽  
Meri Vukicevic ◽  
Fergus Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Retinal Vascular Calibre ◽  
Retinal Arteriolar

AbstractBackground:The aim of the study was to describe the relationship of retinal arteriolar and venular calibre with vascular risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods:In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, the medical files of 483 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were audited to collect retinal images and relevant clinical data. Retinal vascular calibre was measured using standardised protocols.Results:After multivariable adjustments, a vascular risk profile that included: older age, higher serum creatinine, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), higher body mass index (BMI), abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lower high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, longer duration of diabetes and higher serum sodium was associated with narrower central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) (95% CI=−4.10/−0.76, p=0.004). A specific risk profile, including higher total cholesterol level, higher BMI, lower physical activity level, higher HbAConclusions:In summary, these findings support evidence that cardiovascular disease may have its origins early in life. Prospective and/or intervention studies are required to confirm whether the observed associations are involved in the causal pathway for retinal vascular calibre.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10192
Author(s):  
Darja Smigoc Schweiger ◽  
Tadej Battelino ◽  
Urh Groselj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of higher and earlier morbidity and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to people without diabetes. In addition, women with T1D are at an even higher relative risk for CVD than men. However, the underlying pathophysiology is not well understood. Atherosclerotic changes are known to progress early in life among people with T1D, yet it is less clear when excess CVD risk begins in females with T1D. This review explores the prevalence of classical CVD risk factors (such as glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, albuminuria, smoking, diet, physical inactivity), as well as of novel biomarkers (such as chronic inflammation), in children and adolescents with T1D with particular regard to sex-related differences in risk profile. We also summarize gaps where further research and clearer clinical guidance are needed to better address this issue. Considering that girls with T1D might have a more adverse CVD risk profile than boys, the early identification of and sex-specific intervention in T1D would have the potential to reduce later CVD morbidity and excess mortality in females with T1D. To conclude, based on an extensive review of the existing literature, we found a clear difference between boys and girls with T1D in the presence of individual CVD risk factors as well as in overall CVD risk profiles; the girls were on the whole more impacted.

scholarly journals Vascular risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Wallymahmed ◽  
J Pinkney ◽  
S Saunders ◽  
IA MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk

Vascular risk factors in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes complicated by celiac disease: results from the DPV initiative

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Warncke ◽  
Susanne Liptay ◽  
Elke Fröhlich-Reiterer ◽  
Nicole Scheuing ◽  
Martin Schebek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Vascular Risk

Vascular risk factors in coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus

1991 ◽  
Vol 90 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
P WINOCOUR ◽  
P DURRINGTON ◽  
D BHATNAGAR ◽  
A MBEWU ◽  
M ISHOLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk

Cerebral dysfunction in type 1 diabetes: effects of insulin, vascular risk factors and blood-glucose levels

2004 ◽  
Vol 490 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustina M.A Brands ◽  
Roy P.C Kessels ◽  
Edward H.F de Haan ◽  
L.Jaap Kappelle ◽  
Geert Jan Biessels
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Cerebral Dysfunction

scholarly journals Impact of Fat Intake on Blood Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2625
Author(s):  
Chiara Garonzi ◽  
Gun Forsander ◽  
Claudio Maffeis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat

Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Glycemic control is affected by diet composition, which can contribute to the development of diabetes complications. However, the specific role of macronutrients is still debated, particularly fat intake. This review aims at assessing the relationship between fat intake and glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and microbiota, in children and adolescents with T1D. High fat meals are followed by delayed and prolonged hyperglycemia and higher glycated hemoglobin A1c levels have been frequently reported in individuals with T1D consuming high amounts of fat. High fat intake has also been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is higher in people with diabetes than in healthy subjects. Finally, high fat meals lead to postprandial pro-inflammatory responses through different mechanisms, including gut microbiota modifications. Different fatty acids were proposed to have a specific role in metabolic regulation, however, further investigation is still necessary. In conclusion, available evidence suggests that a high fat intake should be avoided by children and adolescents with T1D, who should be encouraged to adhere to a healthy and balanced diet, as suggested by ISPAD and ADA recommendations. This nutritional choice might be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk and inflammation.

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