scholarly journals Changes of species composition of the Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra plant communities in drainage peatland

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Urban ◽  
Antoni Grzywna
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Deschampsia Caespitosa ◽  
Anthriscus Sylvestris

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the vegetation cover and describe the floristic diversity of selected plant communities of extensive and abandoned grasslands within the Forest of Parczew PLB060006 – a Natura 2000 protected area. Floristic surveys were conducted in the meadows in years 2001 and 2013 under the conditions of natural succession of the communities Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra. The area is situated in the northern part of the Lublin Voivodeship, in the physiographic mesoregion the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland. Those communities were characterized by average species richness and floristic diversity index values. The cover index decreased considerably in the case of 8 species, and increased for 12 species. A large increase in the cover index of Holcus lanatus, Deschampsia caespitosa, Galium mollugo, Anthriscus sylvestris and Polemonium caeruleae is particularly noteworthy. In 2001, 39 species of plants were recorded in all relevés, compared to 41 species recorded in 2013. Over 12 years, 11 species disappeared, but 13 new ones emerged. For the time being, the average species richness N increased from 12 to 16 per relevé. The biodiversity index H' increased from 2.8 to 3.6.

scholarly journals Vegetation changes of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class in the Bystra valley, eastern Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kulik ◽  
Ryszard Baryła ◽  
Marianna Warda ◽  
Ewa Stamirowska-Krzaczek
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
The Mean

The study objective was to analyze and assess the vegetation changes of the meadows (<em>Mo­linio-Arrhenatheretea</em> class) located in the valley of the Bystra River in eastern Poland after a period of 38 years, and to identify the direction of plant communities succession. The studies were conducted in the years 1973 and 2011 on grasslands belonging to farmers. The floristic diversity was identified based on the phytosociological structure and mean number of species calculated based on the number of species in the particular relevés of the phytocenosis under study. The highest frequency of occurrence was demonstrated by the <em>Poa pratensis</em>-<em>Festuca rubra</em> community within which more than half of the patches persisted over the 38-year period. New communities (<em>Scirpetum sylvatici</em>, <em>Alopecuretum pratensis</em>, <em>Lythro-Filipenduletum</em>) appeared after the withdrawal of habitats of the <em>Phragmitetea</em> class, due to the lowering of the groundwater level. A portion of the meadows and pastures were transformed into arable fields, gardens or building plots. Among ecological indicators, the greatest differences were observed in the mean soil moisture values between the two years compared, both for all meadows and the predominant community, which indicates an increase in habitat humidity.

scholarly journals Stem rust (Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola Urban) its hosts and harmfulness in grasses grown for seed

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Maria Prończuk
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Deschampsia Caespitosa

Stem rust development on four species of grasses was studied in field experiments conducted at Radzików in 1997-2001. Population of <i>Puccinia graminis</i> ssp. <i>graminicola</i> from different hosts was characterised and their harmfulness for grass grown for seed was estimated. The materials for study were ecotypes and strains of <i>Lolium perenne</i>, <i>Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis</i> and <i>Deschampsia caespitosa</i> collected in breeding nursery and cultivars and strains of <i>L.perenne, F.rubra, P.pratensis</i> cultivated for seed. It was found that the changes in environmental conditions during last years influenced earlier occurrence of stem rust on grasses in Poland. All examined species were the host of <i>P.graminis</i> ssp. <i>graminicola</i>, however the period of infection of particular hosts were different. <i>L.perenne</i> and <i>D.caespitosa</i> were infected in early summer but <i>F.rubra</i> and <i>P.pratensis</i> in late summer or in the autumn. Morphological analysis of spores of <i>P.graminis</i> ssp. <i>graminicola</i> have shoved significant differences between populations obtained from <i>L.perenne</i> and <i>D.caespitosa</i>. Some differences were found between populations from <i>F.rubra</i> and <i>P.pratensis</i> also, but they need more study. Every year occurrence of stem rust on <i>L.perenne</i> and <i>D.caespitosa</i> and its relation with spring temperature in Radzików indicated that populations of patogen could overwinter in local turf. Incidental appearance of stem rust on <i>F.rubra</i> and <i>P.pratensis</i> in centre of Poland allowed to suppose that spores of these forms might be transfer by wind from other regions. The investigation revealed that stem rust can be dangerous for <i>L.perenne</i> grown for seed when infection occurs at flowering time. It has been established that infection of <i>F.rubra</i> and <i>P.pratensis</i> in autumn should not be disregarded. Damages of leaves by <i>P.graminis</i> ssp. <i>graminicola</i> substantially limited plant heading in the next year.

scholarly journals Distribution of tillers of plant species in old permanent grassland with different types of use.

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
D.M. De Vries ◽  
B.J. Hoogers
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Deschampsia Caespitosa ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Bromus Mollis

A survey of 1647 old permanent grasslands was carried out using 25-sq. cm. samples [see Herb. Abstr. 29, p. 1] and the frequency of dominance of each species in the samples (DF), the frequency of occurrence of each species (PF), and the dominance tendency (Dt=DF/PF X 100) was calculated for each field. Tussock-forming species showed a non-uniform distribution of tillers within the sward and the value of Dt for these species was higher than that for uniformly distributed species. Of the 29 species studied, Deschampsia caespitosa, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus and F uncus effusus showed high average values for Dt, while rhizomatous species such as Poa pratensis and Agropyron repens [Elymus repens], stoloniferous species such as Trifolium repens, Poa trivialis and Ranunculus repens, and species spreading by means of seed, such as R. acris, Bromus mollis and Rumex acetosa, had low average Dt values. From values of Dt calculated for fields used for hay, hay-pasture (aftermath grazed), alternate pastures (mown for hay in some years only) and pure pastures, it was shown that D. caespitosa, L. perenne, D. glomerata and J. effusus were more regularly distributed in hay-fields than in pastures. In alternate pastures, J. effusus had a low Dt value, F. arundinacea a high Dt. Species having a preference for hayfields showed higher Dt values than elsewhere, owing to their growth not being restricted by grazing. Typical pasture species which spread by means of runners, such as P. pratensis, Agrostis stolonifera and T. repens, were more homogeneously distributed in hayfields; their increased Dt values in pastures was due to their concentration in the spaces between tussocks of other species.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effect of thermal activity on the differentiation of the vegetation of the “Ruda” postmining heap in Zabrze (Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hanczaruk ◽  
Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Spoil Heap ◽  
Spontaneous Succession ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

This paper presents the results of a study on the vegetation of the thermally active postmining heap “Ruda” in Zabrze (Poland). The aims of the study were: (i) to show the differentiation of the vegetation that has developed as a result of the thermal activity, and (ii) to determine the effect of thermal activity of the spoil heap on species richness and species diversity of the vegetation. Twelve plant communities were recorded on the heap. Thermal activity has a statistically significant impact on species richness (<em>Z</em> = 2.13, <em>p</em> = 0.03) and species diversity (<em>Z</em> = 2.29, <em>p</em> = 0.02). The species composition of plant communities reflects the habitat conditions, which are conditioned by thermal activity. As the distance from a zone with increased thermal activity increases, the degree of the spontaneous succession of vegetation and the complexity of the vegetation increase. Moreover, the share of annual species and kenophytes decreases in favor of perennial plants and apophytes. The number of plant communities (from four to eight), their species richness (number of species from 15 to 22) and species diversity (Shannon–Wiener diversity index from 1.81 to 2.19) also increase. A DCA analysis showed an increase in the shading, humidity and pH of the substrate, and the thickness of the dead organic matter within the gradient of the thermal activity.

scholarly journals Effects of the invasive plant Xanthium strumarium on diversity of native plant species: A competitive analysis approach in North and Northeast China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0228476
Author(s):  
Mazher Farid Iqbal ◽  
Ming-Chao Liu ◽  
Aafia Iram ◽  
Yu-Long Feng
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species

Xanthium strumarium is native to North America and now has become one of the invasive alien species (IAS) in China. In order to detect the effects of the invader on biodiversity and evaluate its suitable habitats and ecological distribution, we investigated the abundance, relative abundance, diversity indices, and the number of the invasive and native plants in paired invaded and non-invaded quadrats in four locations in North and Northeast China. We also analyzed the effects of monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity (%), and precipitations (mm). Strong positive significant (P < 0.01) correlation and maximum interspecific competition (41%) were found in Huailai between invaded and non-invaded quadrats. Shannon’s Diversity Index showed that non-invaded plots had significantly (P < 0.05) more diversified species than invaded ones. The significant (P < 0.05) Margalef’s Richness Index was found in Huailai and Zhangjiakou in non-invaded recorded heterogeneous nature of plant communities. Similarly, significant (P < 0.05) species richness found in Huailai and Zhangjiakou in non-invaded quadrats compared to invaded ones. Maximum evenness of Setaria feberi (0.47, 0.37), Seteria viridis (0.43) found in Fushun and Zhangjiakou recorded more stable in a community compared to other localities. Evenness showed positive relationship of Shannon Entropy within different plant species. The higher dissimilarity in plant communities found in Huailai (87.06%) followed by Yangyuan (44.43%), Zhangjiakou (40.13%) and Fushun (29.02%). The significant (P < 0.01) value of global statistics R (0.943/94.3%) showed high species diversity recorded in Huailai followed by Zhangjiakou recorded by non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarity between invaded and non-invaded plots. At the end it was concluded that the diversity indices reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in invaded quadrats indicated that native plant species become less diverse due to X. strumarium invasion. The degrees of X. strumarium invasion affected on species richness resulted to reduce diversity indices significantly in invaded quadrats.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen fertilization on β-caroten content in meadow plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
Maria Widera
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

β-caroten content was estimated in the leaves of <em>Alopecurus pratensis, Festuca rubra, Festuca pratensis, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Carex hirta, Carex Hudsonii</em> <em>and Plantago lanceolata</em> from two different meadows on which different nitrogen fertilization and uniform phosphorus and potassium fertilization were applied. Nitrogen fertilization was found to affect the accumulation of β-caroten in plants.

scholarly journals Floristic diversity of selected plant communities on extensive and abandoned grasslands in the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park / Zróżnicowanie florystyczne wybranych zbiorowisk roślinnych ekstensywnych użytków zielonych w Nadwieprzańskim Parku Krajobrazowym

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Marianna Warda ◽  
Ewa Stamirowska-Krzaczek ◽  
Mariusz Kulik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Herbaceous Communities

Abstract The paper presents floristic diversity of some plant communities in the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park (middle part of the Wieprz River valley). Phytosociological relevés were made in the years 2005-2007 with Braun-Blanquet method. Species richness was a base to calculate the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Wieprz River valley has the character of a floodplain. In its middle reaches, communities of the Molinio- Arrhenatheretea class accounted for nearly 75% of all plant communities in grasslands. Herbaceous communities were represented by associations from the Filipendulion alliance. The greatest diversity (H’ = 3.4) was characteristic for vegetation of the Valeriano-Filipenduletum association. It formed small patches in abandoned meadows. Small patches of plants from the Lythro-Filipenduletum ulmariae association, having a slightly smaller floristic diversity (H’ = 3.0) were found on abandoned meadows located in highly silted and poor organic soils. Characteristic species of herbaceous communities (Filipendula ulmaria, Valeriana officinalis and Lythrum salicaria) occurred also in the sward of abandoned thistle meadows. Typical thistle meadows (Cirsietum rivularis), with the predominance of Cirsium rivulare developed in land depressions, not far from the Wieprz River, in the vicinity of abandoned drainage ditches and along the edges of the valley. However, the total abandonment of these meadows leads to changes in floristic composition of the sward and to succession towards herbaceous communities.

Linking fish and crustacean taxonomic composition with seasonal contrasts in the soft-bottom intertidal zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gondal ◽  
S. Iqbal ◽  
U. Atique ◽  
N. U. Saher ◽  
N. A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fish Species Composition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sw Monsoon

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal fish and crustacean variations concerning taxonomic composition, species richness, and diversity in sandy beach habitat. For this purpose, we investigated the Sonmiani Hor lagoon area during four distinct seasons, i.e., northeast (NE) monsoon, pre-monsoon, south-west (SW) monsoon, and post-monsoon for one year. During each haul, the net was pulled about 100m along the beach in 0.5m depth. The results showed a strong linear correlation between the diversity index and equitability in fishes (r = 0.978). The diversity index was strong negatively correlated with the abundance and biomass (r = -0.978, -0.972, respectively). The physical attributes like sea surface water temperature and salinity showed a strong negative effect on species assemblages (r = -0.981 and -0.943, respectively). The mean air and water temperature illustrated approximately 3°C difference during NE and pre-monsoon seasons. However, salinity, pH, and electrical conductivity did not show any significant seasonal variabilities. Under the ecological indices, the fish species displayed higher diversity (H’ = 3.19) during SW monsoon, whereas the lowest diversity was observed during pre-monsoon (H’ = 1.58). The equitability and species richness, however, remained more noticeable during SW monsoon (J’ = 0.81). The total number of individuals of fish and crustaceans reached 4799 with 3813 fish individuals and 986 individuals of crustaceans. A total of 27 families of fish while five crustacean families comprising of 30 genera and 38 fish species while ten genera and 17 species of crustaceans were recorded. Liza subviridis displayed the highest abundance among the sampled fish species. In conclusion, fish species constituted a significant part of the coastal fauna in the study area. The seasonal variations displayed distinct variations in fish species composition and diversity.

Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽  
Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

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