Exotic rats consume sporocarps of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in American Samoa

Mammalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Adler ◽  
Eva Counsell ◽  
Joshua O. Seamon ◽  
Stephen P. Bentivenga
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Rhizophagus Fasciculatus

AbstractWe sampled three exotic species of rats (Rattus exulans,Rattus norvegicusandRattus rattus) by live-trapping along two transects on Tutuila, American Samoa and searched for evidence of mycophagy by examining fecal pellets. We found spores of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Septoglomus constrictum,Rhizophagus clarusandRhizophagus fasciculatus) in 19 of the 26 samples examined. All the three species of rats consumed sporocarps, withR. clarusbeing the most widely consumed. We suggest that mycophagy by exotic rats is common in American Samoa and may facilitate invasion of exotic plants such as the treeFalcataria moluccana.

scholarly journals The genome of Rhizophagus clarus HR1 reveals a common genetic basis for auxotrophy among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

BMC Genomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuuki Kobayashi ◽  
Taro Maeda ◽  
Katsushi Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiromu Kameoka ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus

scholarly journals Steel slag and phosphate nutrition of corn inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Bueno de Camargo Nunes ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽  
Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Flávio Araújo Pinto ◽  
Jessé Valentim dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Corn Plants

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of steel slag as a soil acidity corrective and of mycorrhizal fungi associated with phosphate fertilization on corn plants. The study was performed in a greenhouse, using 3-kg pots with a Typic Haplorthox, in a 4x5x2 factorial arrangement, with four acidity correction treatments (C1, correction with dolomitic limestone at a dose of 4 Mg ha-1; C2, correction with steel slag at a dose of 4 Mg ha-1; C3, correction with a 1:1 mixture of 2 Mg ha-1 dolomitic limestone and 2 Mg ha-1 steel slag; and C4, control, without pH correction), five phosphorus doses (0, 42, 95, 213, and 480 mg dm-3), and the presence or absence of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus clarus and Gigaspora margarita), with five replicates. Steel slag was efficient in correcting soil pH and providing Ca and Mg for the plants; therefore, it could replace limestone. The inoculation with R. clarus and G. margarita, associated with P doses of 42, 95, and 213 mg dm-3, improved the development of corn plants after 45 days, resulting in greater plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and shoot and root dry matter.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi selection for Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner clonal cultivar conilon ‘BRS OURO PRETO’

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina da Silva Ardito ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Junior ◽  
Rosalba Ortega Fors ◽  
Rogério Sebastião Correa da Costa ◽  
Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Mata Atlantica ◽  
Glomus Sp

No Brasil a cafeicultura se expande para regiões mais quentes com a cultivar clonal Conilon ‘BRS Ouro Preto’ da espécie C. canephora. A resposta da ‘BRS Ouro Preto’ à inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) ainda não foi testada. O presente estudo visou selecionar espécies de FMAs promotoras do crescimento e nutrição fosfatada da referida cultivar. Avaliaram-se três clones (M057, M194 e M199) em três Argissolos Vermelho-Amarelos, coletados em áreas sob: cana-de-açúcar (Solo 1), Cerrado (Solo 2) e Mata Atlântica (Solo 3). Os tratamentos de inoculação foram: Acaulospora colombiana+Glomus sp., Acaulospora scrobiculata, Claroideoglomuse tunicatum+Glomus sp., Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora margarita e Rhizophagus clarus, além de duas testemunhas não inoculadas, uma delas com adubação completa. O primeiro e o terceiro solos proporcionaram maior desenvolvimento vegetativo às plantas. O teor de clorofila e fósforo nas folhas foi maior nas plantas do solo 3. A melhor resposta à inoculação, expressa através do crescimento e nutrição das plantas, foi verificada no solo 1, sendo os melhores tratamentos C. etunicatum+ Glomus sp. e G. margarita. A espécie Glomus sp., presente nos tratamentos A. colombiana + Glomus sp. e C. etunicatum+Glomus sp., apresentou alta esporulação e promoveu o crescimento e nutrição da ‘BRS Ouro Preto’. Os clones M057 e M194 apresentaram maior crescimento, resposta à inoculação e esporulação de FMAs, comparados ao clone M199. Assim, os clones M057 e M194 podem ser considerados micotróficos e promotores da esporulação, enquanto o clone M199 caracteriza-se por baixa micotrofia.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Phytostabilization of Soil Degraded by Manganese Mining

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaio Gráculo Vieira Garcia ◽  
Vânia Felipe Freire Gomes ◽  
Paulo Furtado Mendes Filho ◽  
Claudia Miranda Martins ◽  
José Maria Tupinambá da Silva Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Mining Soils ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Mining and processing of manganese (Mn) minerals are activities that may result in the generation of large amounts of wastes and serious environmental impacts. Several strategies have been employed to remediate areas with high Mn concentrations, but many of them imply high investments and high risk of secondary pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the phytostabilization potential of Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. in Mn mining soil influenced by inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments [not inoculated (control), inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus; inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum and inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus + Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Mix)], and four replicates. Inoculation with Mix and C. etunicatum had higher efficiency in protecting plants against excess Mn, due to the greater retention of this element in the roots and lower translocation to the shoots. Inoculation with R. clarus did not influence plant development and reduction of Mn contents in the shoots. The association of the AMF Mix and C. etunicatum with the species Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. enhances Mn phytostabilization in mining soils with high concentration of this element. The use of multivariate analyses proved to be an important tool with respect to the behavior of biometric, chemical and microbiological variables in mining soil with high Mn concentration.

scholarly journals Development of mycorrhizal soybean grown in copper-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3617-3632
Author(s):  
Daiane Sartori Andreola ◽  
◽  
Juliano de Oliveira Stumm ◽  
Daniel Erison Fontanive ◽  
Djavan Antonio Coinaski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Copper Contaminated

High concentrations of copper in the soil are toxic to the development of plants and microorganisms. The aim of this study was to select arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi efficient for the development and yield of soybeangrown in copper-contaminated soil. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 7 × 4 factorial arrangement corresponding to seven rates of copper (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, and 480 mg kg-1 of soil) and four inocula (uninoculated control and three mycorrhizal fungi, namely, Acaulospora colombiana, Dentiscutata heterogama and Rhizophagus clarus), in seven replicates. Shoot height; collar diameter; number of grains per plant; shoot and root-system dry mass; leaf area; specific root surface; copper content and accumulation in the shoots, roots, and grain; chlorophyll parameters; and mycorrhizal colonization percentage were evaluated. Inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Acaulospora colombiana, Dentiscutata heterogama and Rhizophagus clarus increases the phenological and physiological parameters of soybean and its yield when grown in soil contaminated with up to 480 mg kg-1 of copper applied to the soil. The Rhizophagus clarus isolate provides greater development and yield in soybean grown in soil contaminated with up to 480 mg kg-1 of copper applied to the soil, as compared with the other isolates.

scholarly journals Improved rooting capacity and hardening efficiency of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) cuttings using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdellatif Essahibi ◽  
Laila Benhiba ◽  
Fouad Oussouf ◽  
Mohamed Babram ◽  
Cherki Ghoulam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L ◽  
Rhizophagus Fasciculatus ◽  
Rooting Capacity

The present investigation was undertaken to improve the performance of carob cuttings in terms of adventitious roots formation and hardening using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Softwood cuttings were treated with 5000 mg L-1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and kept noninoculated (Non-AM) or inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (Fmo) alone or combined with Rhizophagus fasciculatus (Fmo+Rfa) or R. intraradices (Fmo+Rin) or both (Fmo+Rfa+Rin) and then maintained under mist conditions. After two months, rooted cuttings were transplanted on sterilized substrate and transferred to a hardening greenhouse for five months. Obtained results showed that inoculation of the rooting substrate with AMF substantially improved the percentage of rooted cuttings and the number of roots per cutting. The highest rooting (63.33%) and number of roots per cutting (11.67) were recorded in the presence of the complex of the three AMF strains (Fmo+Rfa+Rin). Moreover, all mycorrhizal-rooted cuttings survived transplantation and hardening shocks and showed the highest growth and physiological performances. Indeed, in the Fmo-Rfa-Rin-plantlets the gains in plant height and shoot and root dry weights were 95.6%, 55.1% and 76.9% respectively. Furthermore, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and nutrient concentrations were higher in mycorrhizal plantlets than in non-AM ones. Thus, AMF substantially improved carob cuttings? performance in terms of rooting capacity and hardening efficiency, thereby increasing the potential of carob propagation by cuttings.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal stimulant affect dry matter and nutrient accumulation in bean and soybean plants1

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Henrique Moreira Salgado ◽  
◽  
Fatima Maria de Sousa Moreira ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
José Oswaldo Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Native Fungi

ABSTRACT The adoption of biological resources in agriculture may allow less dependence and better use of finite resources. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native to the Brazilian Savannah associated with the application of mycorrhizal stimulant (7-hydroxy, 4'-methoxy-isoflavone), in the early growth of common bean and soybean. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with a 7 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species, joint inoculation (junction of all species in equal proportions) and native fungi (without inoculation), in the presence and absence of stimulant. The following traits were evaluated: shoot dry matter, root dry matter, mycorrhizal colonization, nodules dry matter and accumulation of calcium, zinc and phosphorus in the shoot dry matter. The increase provided by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the use of stimulant reached over 200 % in bean and over 80 % in soybean plants. The fungi Acaulospora scrobiculata, Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora margarita and Rhizophagus clarus, for bean, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Dentiscutata heterogama, Rhizophagus clarus and the joint inoculation, for soybean, increased the dry matter and nutrients accumulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Casuarina Plantations Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Frankia on the Diversity of Herbaceous Vegetation in Saline Environments in Senegal

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pape Ibrahima Djighaly ◽  
Daouda Ngom ◽  
Nathalie Diagne ◽  
Dioumacor Fall ◽  
Mariama Ngom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Saline Environments ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rhizophagus Fasciculatus

Land salinization is a major constraint for the practice of agriculture in the world. Considering the extent of this phenomenon, the rehabilitation of ecosystems degraded by salinization has become a priority to guarantee food security in semi-arid environments. The mechanical and chemical approaches for rehabilitating salt-affected soils being expensive, an alternative approach is to develop and utilize biological systems utilizing salt-tolerant plant species. Casuarina species are naturally halotolerant, but this tolerance has been shown to be improved when they are inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and/or nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Frankia). Furthermore, Casuarina plantations have been proposed to promote the development of plant diversity. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a plantation comprising the species Casuarina inoculated with AMF and Frankia on the diversity of the sub-canopy and adjacent vegetation. Work was conducted on a plantation comprising Casurina equisetifolia and C. glauca variously inoculated with Frankia and Rhizophagus fasciculatus prior to field planting. The experimental area of 2500 m2 was divided into randomized blocks and vegetation sampling was conducted below and outside of the Casuarina canopy in 32 m2 plots. A total of 48 samples were taken annually over 3 years, with 24 taken from below the Casuarina canopy and 24 from outside the canopy. The results obtained show that co-inoculation with Frankia and Rhizophagus fasciculatus improves the height and survival rate of both species. After 4–5 years, there was greater species diversity and plant biomass in the sub-canopy environment compared with that of the adjacent environments. Our results suggest that inoculation of beneficial microbes can improve growth of Casuarina species and that planting of such species can improve the diversity of herbaceous vegetation in saline environments.

scholarly journals Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alters content and composition of essential oil of Sage (Salvia officinalis) under different phosphorous levels

2019 ◽  
pp. 1617-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayane Monique Sete da Cruz ◽  
Glaucia Leticia Sete da Cruz ◽  
Douglas Cardoso Dragunski ◽  
Affonso Celso Gonçalves Junior ◽  
Odair Alberton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus

This study aimed at evaluating the growth and essential oil content of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) inoculated with two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum under different phosphorous (P) levels. The treatments were prepared in a sterile substrate (sand, vermiculite and organic compound (1: 1: 2, v:v) with high (200 mg kg−1) and low (20 mg kg−1) P levels at sowing, with and without AMF inoculation; the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for four months. Plants were grown in pots with 3 kg of substrate in a 3 x 2 (3 mycorrhizal x 2 levels of P) factorial experiment, in a completely randomized design (with eight repetitions). Spore density, AMF root colonization, plant dry mass, P and N shoot content, yield and composition of essential oil (EO) were determined. Data were processed and submitted to analyses of hierarchical clustering and principal component. Plant biomass increased with addition of P in the substrate. EO content increased with AMF Rhizophagus clarus inoculation in high-P substrate. It was concluded that inoculation with R. clarus and the addition of P at sowing can boost the growth of sage and the content of its EO. Camphor, α-humulene, viridiflorol, manool, α-thujone and β- thujone were the main components of the EO.

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