scholarly journals Improved rooting capacity and hardening efficiency of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) cuttings using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdellatif Essahibi ◽  
Laila Benhiba ◽  
Fouad Oussouf ◽  
Mohamed Babram ◽  
Cherki Ghoulam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L ◽  
Rhizophagus Fasciculatus ◽  
Rooting Capacity

The present investigation was undertaken to improve the performance of carob cuttings in terms of adventitious roots formation and hardening using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Softwood cuttings were treated with 5000 mg L-1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and kept noninoculated (Non-AM) or inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (Fmo) alone or combined with Rhizophagus fasciculatus (Fmo+Rfa) or R. intraradices (Fmo+Rin) or both (Fmo+Rfa+Rin) and then maintained under mist conditions. After two months, rooted cuttings were transplanted on sterilized substrate and transferred to a hardening greenhouse for five months. Obtained results showed that inoculation of the rooting substrate with AMF substantially improved the percentage of rooted cuttings and the number of roots per cutting. The highest rooting (63.33%) and number of roots per cutting (11.67) were recorded in the presence of the complex of the three AMF strains (Fmo+Rfa+Rin). Moreover, all mycorrhizal-rooted cuttings survived transplantation and hardening shocks and showed the highest growth and physiological performances. Indeed, in the Fmo-Rfa-Rin-plantlets the gains in plant height and shoot and root dry weights were 95.6%, 55.1% and 76.9% respectively. Furthermore, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and nutrient concentrations were higher in mycorrhizal plantlets than in non-AM ones. Thus, AMF substantially improved carob cuttings? performance in terms of rooting capacity and hardening efficiency, thereby increasing the potential of carob propagation by cuttings.

Response of Taxus times media var. densiformis to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
J N Gemma ◽  
R E Koske ◽  
E M Roberts ◽  
S Hester
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Rooted cuttings of Taxus times media var. densiformis Rehd. were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe or Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith and grown for 9-15 months in a greenhouse. At the completion of the experiments, leaves of inoculated plants contained significantly more chlorophyll (1.3-4.1 times as much) than did noninoculated plants. In addition, mycorrhizal plants had root systems that were significantly larger (1.3-1.4 times) and longer (1.7-2.1 times) than nonmycorrhizal plants, and they possessed significantly more branch roots (1.3-2.9 times). No differences in stem diameter and height or shoot dry weight were evident at the end of the experiments, although the number of buds was significantly greater in the cuttings inoculated with G. intraradices after 15 months.

scholarly journals Improved growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants by inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial rhizobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e1299
Author(s):  
Azareel Angulo-Castro ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato ◽  
Alejandro Alarcón ◽  
Juan José Almaraz-Suárez ◽  
Julián Delgadillo-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Pepper Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Background: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an alternative for sustainable management of pepper crops. Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of PGPR and AMF inoculation on the growth of bell pepper plants. Methods: Two PGPR strains were used (Pseudomonas tolaasii P61 and Bacillus pumilus R44) as well as their mixture, and an uninoculated control. In addition, bacterial treatments were combined with an AMF-consortium (Funneliformis aff. geosporum and Claroideoglomus sp.). A 4×2 factorial experiment [four levels for the bacterial inoculation and two levels of AMF-inoculation (non-AMF and AMF)] was performed with eight treatments, at greenhouse conditions for 80 days after inoculation. AMF inoculation was done at sowing and PGPR after 15 days of seedling emergence. Results and Conclusions: Uninoculated control showed lower growth responses than plants inoculated with PGPR and AMF, alone or in combination. Overall, inoculation of the strain P61 or the combination of R44+AMF increased plant growth. AMF improved the photochemical efficiency of PSII in comparison to either control plants or plants inoculated with R44 or with the bacterial mix. Both PGPR and AMF improved growth and vigor of bell pepper plants.

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the functional mechanisms associated with drought tolerance in carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Trees ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdellatif Essahibi ◽  
Laila Benhiba ◽  
Mohamed Ait Babram ◽  
Cherki Ghoulam ◽  
Ahmed Qaddoury
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

Long-term Soil Tillage and Cover Cropping Affected Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Nutrient Concentrations, and Yield in Sunflower

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 2664-2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rosner ◽  
G. Bodner ◽  
K. Hage-Ahmed ◽  
S. Steinkellner
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Cover Cropping

scholarly journals Effect of Casuarina Plantations Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Frankia on the Diversity of Herbaceous Vegetation in Saline Environments in Senegal

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pape Ibrahima Djighaly ◽  
Daouda Ngom ◽  
Nathalie Diagne ◽  
Dioumacor Fall ◽  
Mariama Ngom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Saline Environments ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rhizophagus Fasciculatus

Land salinization is a major constraint for the practice of agriculture in the world. Considering the extent of this phenomenon, the rehabilitation of ecosystems degraded by salinization has become a priority to guarantee food security in semi-arid environments. The mechanical and chemical approaches for rehabilitating salt-affected soils being expensive, an alternative approach is to develop and utilize biological systems utilizing salt-tolerant plant species. Casuarina species are naturally halotolerant, but this tolerance has been shown to be improved when they are inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and/or nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Frankia). Furthermore, Casuarina plantations have been proposed to promote the development of plant diversity. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a plantation comprising the species Casuarina inoculated with AMF and Frankia on the diversity of the sub-canopy and adjacent vegetation. Work was conducted on a plantation comprising Casurina equisetifolia and C. glauca variously inoculated with Frankia and Rhizophagus fasciculatus prior to field planting. The experimental area of 2500 m2 was divided into randomized blocks and vegetation sampling was conducted below and outside of the Casuarina canopy in 32 m2 plots. A total of 48 samples were taken annually over 3 years, with 24 taken from below the Casuarina canopy and 24 from outside the canopy. The results obtained show that co-inoculation with Frankia and Rhizophagus fasciculatus improves the height and survival rate of both species. After 4–5 years, there was greater species diversity and plant biomass in the sub-canopy environment compared with that of the adjacent environments. Our results suggest that inoculation of beneficial microbes can improve growth of Casuarina species and that planting of such species can improve the diversity of herbaceous vegetation in saline environments.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve the Performance of Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong Shi ◽  
Jiacheng Zhang ◽  
Shichuan Lu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Fayuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are among the most ubiquitous soil plant-symbiotic fungi in terrestrial environments and can alleviate the toxic effects of various contaminants on plants. As an essential micronutrient for higher plants, molybdenum (Mo) can cause toxic effects at excess levels. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal impacts on plant performance and Mo accumulation under Mo-contamination still require to be explored. We first studied the effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum BEG168 on plant biomass production and Mo accumulation in a biofuel crop, sweet sorghum, grown in an agricultural soil spiked with different concentrations of MoS2. The results showed that the addition of Mo produced no adverse effects on plant biomass, N and P uptake, and root colonization rate, indicating Mo has no phytotoxicity and fungitoxicity at the test concentrations. The addition of Mo did not increase and even decreased S concentrations in plant tissues. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation significantly enhanced plant biomass production and Mo concentrations in both shoots and roots, resulting in increased Mo uptake by mycorrhizal plants. Overall, arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation promoted the absorption of P, N and S by sweet sorghum plants, improved photosystem (PS) II photochemical efficiency and comprehensive photosynthesis performance. In conclusion, MoS2 increased Mo accumulation in plant tissues but produced no toxicity, while arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation could improve plant performance via enhancing nutrient uptake and photochemical efficiency. Sweet sorghum, together with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, shows a promising potential for phytoremediation of Mo-contaminated farmland and revegetation of Mo-mine disturbed areas, as well as biomass production on such sites.

Exotic rats consume sporocarps of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in American Samoa

Mammalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Adler ◽  
Eva Counsell ◽  
Joshua O. Seamon ◽  
Stephen P. Bentivenga
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Rhizophagus Fasciculatus

AbstractWe sampled three exotic species of rats (Rattus exulans,Rattus norvegicusandRattus rattus) by live-trapping along two transects on Tutuila, American Samoa and searched for evidence of mycophagy by examining fecal pellets. We found spores of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Septoglomus constrictum,Rhizophagus clarusandRhizophagus fasciculatus) in 19 of the 26 samples examined. All the three species of rats consumed sporocarps, withR. clarusbeing the most widely consumed. We suggest that mycophagy by exotic rats is common in American Samoa and may facilitate invasion of exotic plants such as the treeFalcataria moluccana.

scholarly journals Assemblage of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and green waste compost enhance drought stress tolerance in carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Boutasknit ◽  
Marouane Baslam ◽  
Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar ◽  
Mohamed Anli ◽  
Raja Ben-Laouane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua

AbstractIn the current study, an eco-friendly management technology to improve young carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) tree tolerance to water deficit was set up by using single or combined treatments of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and/or compost (C). Two groups of young carob have been installed: (i) carob cultivated under well-watered conditions (WW; 70% field capacity (FC)) and (ii) where the plants were drought-stressed (DS; 35% FC) during 2, 4, 6, and 8 months. The effect of used biofertilizers on the course of growth, physiological (photosynthetic traits, water status, osmolytes, and mineral content), and biochemical (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxidative damage to lipids (malondialdehyde (MDA), and membrane stability (MS)) traits in response to short- and long-term droughts were assessed. The dual application of AMF and C (C + AMF) boosted growth, physiological and biochemical parameters, and nutrient uptake in carob under WW and DS. After eight months, C + AMF significantly enhanced stomatal conductance by 20%, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII by 7%, leaf water potential by 23%, chlorophyll and carotenoid by 40%, plant uptake of mineral nutrients (P by 75%, N by 46%, K+ by 35%, and Ca2+ by 40%), concentrations of soluble sugar by 40%, and protein content by 44% than controls under DS conditions. Notably, C + AMF reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA content to a greater degree and increased MS. In contrast, enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase) significantly increased in C + AMF plants under DS. Overall, our findings suggest that the pairing of C + AMF can mediate superior drought tolerance in young carob trees by increasing leaf stomatal conductance, cellular water content, higher solute concentration, and defense response against oxidative damage during the prolonged period of DS.

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