First record of albinism in spiny rats of genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from Western Amazon

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-609
Author(s):  
Jeronymo Dalapicolla ◽  
Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira Roth ◽  
Alexandre Reis Percequillo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
First Record ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Albino Phenotype ◽  
Porto Velho

AbstractAlbinism is a rare condition in natural populations. One of the factors that would lead to higher allele frequency for the albino phenotype is bottleneck events, causing small population sizes and loss of genetic diversity. Here, we report the first record of albinism in one specimen of Proechimys gardneri from Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. This is also the first record of albinism for the genus and for the family Echimyidae. We identified the specimen through morphology and confirmed the identification by 801 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial marker cytochrome b (Cyt b). We also discuss the selection against albino phenotype in natural populations.

Genetic characterization of novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for Epilobium nankotaizanense (Onagraceae), an endemic and threatened herb in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Tseng ◽  
Chi-Chun Huang ◽  
Chih-Chiang Wang ◽  
Chiuan-Yu Li ◽  
Kuo-Hsiang Hung
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
The Family ◽  
Conservation Genetic ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite

Abstract Epilobium belongs to the family Onagraceae, which consists of approximately 200 species distributed worldwide, and some species have been used as medicinal plants. Epilobium nankotaizanense is an endemic and endangered herb that grows in the high mountains in Taiwan at an elevation of more than 3300 m. Alpine herbs are severely threatened by climate change, which leads to a reduction in their habitats and population sizes. However, only a few studies have addressed genetic diversity and population genetics. In the present study, we developed a new set of microsatellite markers for E. nankotaizanense using high-throughput genome sequencing data. Twenty polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed and tested on 30 individuals collected from three natural populations. These loci were successfully amplified, and polymorphisms were observed in E. nankotaizanense. The number of alleles per locus (A) ranged from 2.000 to 3.000, and the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.929 and from 0.034 to 0.631, respectively. The developed polymorphic microsatellite markers will be useful in future conservation genetic studies of E. nankotaizanense as well as for developing an effective conservation strategy for this species and facilitating germplasm collections and sustainable utilization of other Epilobium species.

A new synanthropic species of Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazilian Amazonia and notes on the genus (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2980 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO SILVA DE MIRANDA ◽  
ALESSANDRO PONCE DE LEÃO GIUPPONI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Records ◽  
First Record ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Porto Velho ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Charinus—C. vulgaris— is described from Porto Velho, Rondônia. This is the first record of the family Charinidae from the Brazilian Amazonia and of a synanthropic species in South America. Additionally, two new records of the genus for Brazil are made and a key to the Brazilian species of the genus is given.

Extinction risks and conservation status of Corybas (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae; Diurideae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUSEA GO ◽  
TAN MUI CHING ◽  
AHMAD AINNUDIN NURUDDIN ◽  
JANNA ONG ABDULLAH ◽  
NG YONG JIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Corybas is an elusive terrestrial orchid genus mostly inhabiting the high peaks in Peninsular Malaysia, which is the most vulnerable habitat to climate change. Nine species, of which seven are endemic, were studied based on natural populations, whereas information on another two was obtained from herbarium collections. Corybas caudatus was excluded from the study due to insufficient materials, and the type was not located. The species investigated were growing in small populations in the remaining moss-covered forests in the highlands. Human activities and temperature rise are two major threats to the wild populations. Our field observations revealed that Corybas species are good indicators of climate change as they are highly sensitive to temperature rise and drop in relative humidity. Judging from the current small number of specimens recollected, the small population sizes and degraded habitats where they grow, Corybas species in Peninsular Malaysia are all threatened by extinction in the wild.

First Record of a B Chromosome in Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure (Vespidae) and Investigation of Chromatin Composition Through Microsatellite Mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Priscila Marchioro ◽  
Lucio A.O. Campos ◽  
Denilce M. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
First Record ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Fluorochrome Staining ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microsatellite Mapping ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes

The characterization of karyotypes is an important aspect in understanding the structure and evolution of genomes. Polybia is a genus of social wasps of the family Vespidae. This genus has 58 species, but for only 8 of these chromosome number and morphology have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe and characterize the Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure karyotype, presenting the first case of a B chromosome in Vespidae. In addition, we investigated the chromatin composition of this species through C-banding, base-specific fluorochrome staining, and physical mapping of 7 microsatellites and 18S rDNA. Four colonies of P. fastidiosuscula from Minas Gerais and Paraná states, Brazil, were analyzed. The chromosome number identified was 2n = 34, and 2 colonies presented a B chromosome. We characterized the chromatin composition of this species, analyzing the existence of different microsatellite-rich heterochromatic regions which are also enriched with AT or GC base pairs. We suggest an intraspecific origin of the B chromosome based on the homology of the heterochromatic composition with A chromosomes and also verify that the TTAGG and TCAGG sequences are not telomeric, but only microsatellites that occur in the centromeres of most chromosomes, as well as GAG and CGG.

scholarly journals Seed Cryostorage and Micropropagation of Georgia Aster, Symphyotrichum georgianum (Alexander) Nesom: A Threatened Species from the Southeastern United States

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 750-755
Author(s):  
Sullivan Lynch ◽  
Rachel K. Johnston ◽  
Ron O. Determann ◽  
Jennifer M. Cruse-Sanders ◽  
Gerald S. Pullman
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Half Strength

Symphyotrichum georgianum (Asteraceae), commonly known as Georgia aster, is a candidate for listing under the Federal Endangered Species Act in the four southeastern U.S. states where it lives. Rarity of this species is thought to be attributable in part to small population sizes and limited seed production. Protocols for in vitro germination, sustainable shoot micropropagation, shoot establishment in soil, and seed cryopreservation are presented that will assist in the safeguarding and augmentation of dwindling natural populations. Germination in vitro on growth regulator-free half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium after sterilization in H2O2 initiated the development of shoot cultures. Shoot multiplication and elongation occurred on half-strength MS salts containing 0.1 mg·L–l benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg·L–l gibberellic acid, producing an average of 18 new shoots over a 6- to 8-week subculture cycle. Shoots rooted easily when planted into cutting mix after treatment with rooting powder containing indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or in vitro rooting in medium with or without N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA). Plant survival after 1 month was 90% or higher for all treatments. Cryopreservation tests with seeds from three populations averaged 46.7% germination compared with control seed (no cryostorage) germination of 43%; differences were not statistically significant. Fresh seeds and seeds equilibrated for 1 to 4 weeks at room temperature and 12% relative humidity did not differ significantly in germination post-cryopreservation. Initial observations suggest that Georgia aster rapidly loses seed viability over 1 to 2 years when stored at room temperature. The ability to increase seed longevity through cryopreservation storage may be a critical step in the conservation of this species.

scholarly journals RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity of two natural populations of Paphiopedilum villosum var. Annamense rolfe. in the Lam Vien plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Đặng Thị Thắm ◽  
Nông Văn Duy ◽  
Trần Văn Tiến ◽  
Lê Ngọc Triệu ◽  
Khuất Hữu Trung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Two Populations

Paphiopedilum villosum var. annamense Rolfe. is the attractive pot plant characterize by its larger and beautiful flower. Wild population of that orchid are now considered to be rare in nature as a result of habitat destruction and commercial preference. Thus, it is very important that actions should be taken to conserve this orchid before it becomes extinct. The information of genetic variation at both population and species levels is a scientific basic for species conservation. In this research, two populations of Paphiopedilum villosum var. annamense Rolfe were collected in Lam Dong province, Vietnam for analysing of genetic variation. RAPD directive was used to examine genetic variability in 20 individuals of two populations. The results showed that 25 bands were recorded from 12 specific identification primers. The percentages of polymorphic loci at species and population levels in the research were not high (Pt = 74.07%; P1 = 67.90%; P2 = 62.35%). However, in the first population, a higher percentage of polimorphic loci was observed as in the second one. Significant heterozygosity at both population and species levels was also low (HE1 = 0.23; HE2 = 0.18; and HEt = 0.25). The total gene diversity at the species level was partitioned primarily between two populations, as show by low GST= 0.17. Genetic distance between two populations was low (D12 = 0.079). In the orther hand, Genetic similarity coefficients between individuals in the general population were ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. The results suggested that the small population sizes in isolation had led to increase of inbred individuals within populations. Some solutions to the conservation and sustainable development have been mentioned.

Estimating the exposure of carnivorous plants to rapid climatic change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Aaron M. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Climatic change likely will exacerbate current threats to carnivorous plants. However, estimating the severity of climatic change is challenged by the unique ecology of carnivorous plants, including habitat specialization, dispersal limitation, small ranges, and small population sizes. We discuss and apply methods for modeling species distributions to overcome these challenges and quantify the vulnerability of carnivorous plants to rapid climatic change. Results suggest that climatic change will reduce habitat suitability for most carnivorous plants. Models also project increases in habitat suitability for many species, but the extent to which these increases may offset habitat losses will depend on whether individuals can disperse to and establish in newly suitable habitats outside of their current distribution. Reducing existing stressors and protecting habitats where numerous carnivorous plant species occur may ameliorate impacts of climatic change on this unique group of plants.

The first record of Tischeriidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Madagascar, with description of Coptotriche alavelona sp. n. and an updated distributional checklist of Afrotropical Tischeriidae

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1645 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID C. LEES ◽  
JONAS R. STONIS
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
First Record ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
The Family ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
First Time

The family Tischeriidae is recorded from Madagascar for the first time. Coptotriche alavelona Lees and Stonis, sp. n., is described from high elevation tropical moist forest of Madagascar, and its proposed generic placement discussed. DNA of this species has been extracted and conserved for future phylogenetic or barcoding studies. The external features and male genitalia are figured and described. An updated checklist and a distribution map for all 13 Tischeriidae species currently recorded from the Afrotropics are provided.

Two new species of the genus Syngastes (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Tegastidae) from South Korea

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Guk Kim ◽  
Jong Guk Kim ◽  
Tae Won Jung ◽  
Jong Guk Kim ◽  
Tae Won Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South Korea ◽  
First Record ◽  
Exopodal Segment ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Korean Waters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Almost All

Herein two new species of the genusSyngastesMonard, 1924 are described from South Korea, with detailed descriptions and illustrations. Both new copepods,Syngastesmulticavussp. nov. andS. pseudofoveatussp. nov., have two inner setae on the first exopodal segment of P2 and P3.Syngastesmulticavussp. nov. most closely resemblesS. gibbosusBartsch, 1999 reported from Australia, as they both have a five-segmented antennule in the female. However,Syngastesmulticavussp. nov. has a rounded body outline instead of the gibbose outline observed inS. gibbosus.Syngastespseudofoveatussp. nov. resemblesS. foveatusBartsch, 1994 in almost all aspects. However, they differ clearly in the number of setae on the first exopodal segment of P2 and P3. We also provide a key to species of the genusSyngastesworldwide. The present study is the first record of the family Tegastidae in Korean waters.

Dentinal Dysplasia Type I. A Subclassification

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley M. Scola ◽  
Paul G. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Rare Condition ◽  
Type I ◽  
The Family

Dentinal Dysplasia Type I is a rare condition affecting the deciduous and permanent dentitions, in which the teeth present with short roots and considerably reduced or obliterated pulp spaces. These features were observed on the radiographs of a patient referred for orthodontic assessment, and an investigation of other members of the family revealed that the father and two siblings were also affected. There were variations in the lengths of the roots in those affected, and thus a subclassification of the dysplasia is proposed.

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