Development and properties of austempered low alloyed white cast iron

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 977-983
Author(s):  
Mehmet Erdogan ◽  
Kemal Davut ◽  
Volkan Kilicli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Abstract This study examined the response of low-alloy white cast iron to austempering heat treatment. In addition, it investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of austempered low-alloy white cast iron. The low-alloy white cast iron specimens were austenitized at 900 °C, followed by quick quenching into a salt bath at 375 °C, and held there for 15 to 120 minutes for austempering heat treatment. Microstructural features were studied by optical, scanning electron microscopes, and XRD analysis. The mechanical properties were determined by hardness and unnotched Charpy impact toughness tests. As a function of those austempering times, a microstructural map was constructed to show how the transformation products develop, quantitatively. The experimental results showed that the austempering heat treatment produced a microstructure consisting of eutectic carbides + ausferritic structure in low-alloy white cast iron. It can be concluded that the low-alloy white cast iron can be austempered, similar to ductile cast irons. Improved hardness and impact toughness values have been obtained in austempered low-alloy white cast iron.

The Effect of Modification and Heat Treatment on Low Chromium White Cast Iron

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 1114-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Liu ◽  
Feng Lan Wei ◽  
Li Chun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbide Morphology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compound Modification

The effect of compound modification and various kinds of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of the low chromium white cast iron was studied.The results showed that,after modification,the carbide morphology in cast iron has been greatly improved;the annealed modified cast iron is suitable for machining;both martensitic quenching and austempering can cause the hardness and the impact toughness of modified cast iron increase greatly.

Effect of Boron and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of White Cast Iron for Mining Application

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Kazdal Zeytin ◽  
Hakan Yildirim ◽  
Banu Berme ◽  
Selim Duduoĝlu ◽  
Gürkan Kazdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
White Cast Iron

scholarly journals MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH CHROMIUM WHITE CAST IRONS ALLOYED WITH BORON

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Julieta Kaleicheva ◽  
Krasimir Kirov ◽  
Valentin Plamenov Mishev ◽  
Zdravka Karaguiozova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
The Impact

The microstructure and mechanical properties of high chromium white cast iron with composition: 2,6÷3,4% C; 0,9÷1,1% Si; 0,8÷1,1% Mn; 1,0÷1,3% Mo; 12,3÷13,4% Cr, additionally doped with boron in an amount of 0,18% to 1,25% is investigated. The microstructure of six compositions of white cast irons is studied by means of an optical metallographic analysis - one without boron, and the others contain 0,18%; 0,23%; 0,59%; 0,96% and 1,25% boron. A test is performed to determine: hardness by the Rockwell method; microhardness; bending strength and impact toughness. It was found that at a boron content of 0,18%; 0,23% and 0,59%, the structure of white cast irons is subeutectic, with impact toughness in the range of 1,80÷1,52 J/cm2; with a boron content of 0,96%, the structure of white cast iron is close to the eutectic, with impact toughness 0,98 J/cm2 ; at a boron content of 1,25% the structure of white cast iron is supereutectic and the impact toughness decreases to 0,68 J/cm2. With a change in the boron content from 0,8% to 1,25%, the amount of carbide phase in the structure of white cast iron increases, which leads to an increase in hardness from 53 to 59 HRC. The highest bending strength (Rmi=660,85 MPa) was obtained in white cast irons with a boron content of 0,23%. 

The Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 4140 for Base Cutter Cane Harvester

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wichan Chuaiphan ◽  
Loeshpahn Srijaroenpramong ◽  
Dumrongrit Pinpradub
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Quenching Condition ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aisi 4140 ◽  
Air Medium ◽  
Tempering Process

The effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 4140 for base cutter cane harvester were studied. The effect of heat treatment - i.e. the different quenching medium (water, oil and air mediums) and the different heat treatment condition (quenching, quenching+tempering, cover scrap cast iron+ quenching and cover scrap cast iron+ quenching+tempering) on the on microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness, impact toughness and bend test). The material AISI 4140 was purchased from local market in Thailand and an emission spectroscopy was applied to quantify the amount of elements in steel. The specimens were heat treated in an induction furnace. The resultant microstructure of materials AISI 4140 consists of martensite and retained austenite after quenching all mediums, which quenching in water it have more than in oil and air medium respectively. The microstructure of materials AISI 4140 after tempering process consists of bainitic structure (ferrite and epsilon carbide) and retained austenite, which tempering in water quenching condition it have more than in oil and air quenching condition respectively. The hardness, impact toughness and bended test are according to behavior heat transfer of quenching mediums. The material alloy steel grade AISI 4140 is the good candidates to promote the quenching in water ,oil and air medium and must be continuous to tempering process. The technique heating by cover scrape cast iron it was good for protected surface and decreased decarburization on surface of steels. But it is not necessary for control microstructure and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment in High Chromium White Cast Iron Ti Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Ibrahim ◽  
Mervat M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Eutectic Carbides ◽  
Secondary Carbides ◽  
Ti Addition

The influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of high chromium white cast iron alloyed with titanium was investigated. The austenitizing temperatures of 980°C and 1150°C for 1 hour each followed by tempering at 260°C for 2 hours have been performed and the effect of these treatments on wear resistance/impact toughness combination is reported. The microstructure of irons austenitized at 1150°C showed a fine precipitate of secondary carbides (M6C23) in a matrix of eutectic austenite and eutectic carbides (M7C3). At 980°C, the structure consisted of spheroidal martensite matrix, small amounts of fine secondary carbides, and eutectic carbides. Titanium carbides (TiC) particles with cuboidal morphology were uniformly distributed in both matrices. Irons austenitized at 980°C showed relatively higher tensile strength compared to those austenitized at 1150°C, while the latter showed higher impact toughness. For both cases, optimum tensile strength was reported for the irons alloyed with 1.31% Ti, whereas maximum impact toughness was obtained for the irons without Ti-addition. Higher wear resistance was obtained for the samples austenitized at 980°C compared to the irons treated at 1150°C. For both treatments, optimum wear resistance was obtained with 1.3% Ti.

scholarly journals Effect of Intercritical Annealing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 0.1C-13Cr-3Ni Martensitic Stainless Steel

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Jaka Burja ◽  
Blaž Šuler ◽  
Marko Češnjaj ◽  
Aleš Nagode
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Intercritical Annealing ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Toughness ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

Standard heat treatment of martensitic stainless steel consists of quenching and tempering. However, this results in high strength and hardness, while Charpy impact toughness shows lower values and a large deviation in its values. Therefore, a modified heat treatment of 0.1C-13Cr-3Ni martensitic stainless steel (PK993/1CH13N3) with intercritical annealing between Ac1 and Ac3 was introduced before tempering to study its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties (yield strength, tensile strength, hardness and Charpy impact toughness). The temperatures of intercritical annealing were 740, 760, 780 and 800 °C. ThermoCalc was used for thermodynamic calculations. Microstructure characterization was performed on an optical and scanning electron microscope, while XRD was used for the determination of retained austenite. Results show that intercritical annealing improves impact toughness and lowers deviation of its values. This can be attributed to the dissolution of the thin carbide film along prior austenite grain boundaries and prevention of its re-occurrence during tempering. On the other hand, lower carbon concentration in martensite that was quenching from the intercritical region resulted in lower strength and hardness. Intercritical annealing refines the martensitic microstructure creating a lamellar morphology.

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