scholarly journals 3D Nanophotonic device fabrication using discrete components

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1390
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Melzer ◽  
Euan McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Directed Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Nanophotonic Devices ◽  
Nanophotonic Device ◽  
Nanophotonic Structures

AbstractThree-dimensional structure fabrication using discrete building blocks provides a versatile pathway for the creation of complex nanophotonic devices. The processing of individual components can generally support high-resolution, multiple-material, and variegated structures that are not achievable in a single step using top-down or hybrid methods. In addition, these methods are additive in nature, using minimal reagent quantities and producing little to no material waste. In this article, we review the most promising technologies that build structures using the placement of discrete components, focusing on laser-induced transfer, light-directed assembly, and inkjet printing. We discuss the underlying principles and most recent advances for each technique, as well as existing and future applications. These methods serve as adaptable platforms for the next generation of functional three-dimensional nanophotonic structures.

A new three-dimensional anionic cadmium(II) dicyanamide network

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1054-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Hui-Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Unit Cell Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Cadmium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Tetrahydrate ◽  
Anionic Framework

A new cadmium dicyanamide complex, poly[tetramethylphosphonium [μ-chlorido-di-μ-dicyanamido-κ4N1:N5-cadmium(II)]], [(CH3)4P][Cd(NCNCN)2Cl], was synthesized by the reaction of tetramethylphosphonium chloride, cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium dicyanamide in aqueous solution. In the crystal structure, each CdIIatom is octahedrally coordinated by four terminal N atoms from four anionic dicyanamide (dca) ligands and by two chloride ligands. The dicyanamide ligands play two different roles in the building up of the structure; one role results in the formation of [Cd(dca)Cl]2building blocks, while the other links the building blocks into a three-dimensional structure. The anionic framework exhibits a solvent-accessible void of 673.8 Å3, amounting to 47.44% of the total unit-cell volume. The cavities in the network are occupied by pairs of tetramethylphosphonium cations.

scholarly journals Assembly of multicomponent structures from hundreds of micron-scale building blocks using optical tweezers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Melzer ◽  
Euan McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optical Tweezer ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Critical Process Parameters ◽  
Optical Positioning

AbstractThe fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microscale structures is critical for many applications, including strong and lightweight material development, medical device fabrication, microrobotics, and photonic applications. While 3D microfabrication has seen progress over the past decades, complex multicomponent integration with small or hierarchical feature sizes is still a challenge. In this study, an optical positioning and linking (OPAL) platform based on optical tweezers is used to precisely fabricate 3D microstructures from two types of micron-scale building blocks linked by biochemical interactions. A computer-controlled interface with rapid on-the-fly automated recalibration routines maintains accuracy even after placing many building blocks. OPAL achieves a 60-nm positional accuracy by optimizing the molecular functionalization and laser power. A two-component structure consisting of 448 1-µm building blocks is assembled, representing the largest number of building blocks used to date in 3D optical tweezer microassembly. Although optical tweezers have previously been used for microfabrication, those results were generally restricted to single-material structures composed of a relatively small number of larger-sized building blocks, with little discussion of critical process parameters. It is anticipated that OPAL will enable the assembly, augmentation, and repair of microstructures composed of specialty micro/nanomaterial building blocks to be used in new photonic, microfluidic, and biomedical devices.

scholarly journals The Polyvalent Gold Nanoparticle Conjugate—Materials Synthesis, Biodiagnostics, and Intracellular Gene Regulation

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad A. Mirkin
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Directed Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Plasmon Resonances ◽  
Detection Capabilities ◽  
Extended Materials ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractAdvances in nanoscale directed assembly strategies have enabled researchers to analogize atomic assembly via chemical reactions and nanoparticle assembly, creating a new nanoscale “periodic table.” We are just beginning to realize the nanoparticle equivalents of molecules and extended materials and are currently developing the ground rules for creating programmable nanometer-scale coordination environments. The ability to create a diverse set of nanoscale architectures from one class of nanoparticle building blocks would allow for the synthesis of designer materials, wherein the physical properties of a material could be predicted and controlled a priori. Our group has taken the first steps toward this goal and developed a means of creating tailorable assembly environments using DNA-nanoparticle conjugates. These nanobioconjugates combine the discrete plasmon resonances of gold nanoparticles with the synthetically controllable and highly selective recognition properties of DNA. Herein, we elucidate the beneficial properties of these materials in diagnostic, therapeutic, and detection capabilities and project their potential use as nanoscale assembly agents to realize complex three-dimensional nanostructures.

Synthesis and characterization of two novel bimetallic macrocyclic complexes generated from 1,2,4-triazole-containing semi-rigid ligands andM(NO3)2units (M= Ni and Zn)

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Wen Wu ◽  
Shi Yin ◽  
Wan-Fu Wu ◽  
Jian-Ping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Macrocyclic Complexes ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Coordination Environment ◽  
Dimensional Network

Bimetallic macrocyclic complexes have attracted the attention of chemists and various organic ligands have been used as molecular building blocks, but supramolecular complexes based on semi-rigid organic ligands containing 1,2,4-triazole have remained rare until recently. It is easier to obtain novel topologies by making use of asymmetric semi-rigid ligands in the self-assembly process than by making use of rigid ligands. A new semi-rigid ligand, 3-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-5-(quinolin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (L), has been synthesized and used to generate two novel bimetallic macrocycle complexes, namely bis{μ-3-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-5-(quinolin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine}bis[(methanol-κO)(nitrato-κ2O,O′)nickel(II)] dinitrate, [Ni2(NO3)2(C17H14N6S)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2, (I), and bis{μ-3-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-5-(quinolin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine}bis[(methanol-κO)(nitrato-κ2O,O′)zinc(II)] dinitrate, [Zn2(NO3)2(C17H14N6S)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2, (II), by solution reactions with the inorganic saltsM(NO3)2(M= Ni and Zn, respectively) in mixed solvents. In (I), two NiIIcations with the same coordination environment are linked byLligands through Ni—N bonds to form a bimetallic ring. Compound (I) is extended into a two-dimensional network in the crystallographicacplaneviaN—H...O, O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, and neighbouring two-dimensional planes are parallel and form a three-dimensional structureviaπ–π stacking. Compound (II) contains two bimetallic rings with the same coordination environment of the ZnIIcations. The ZnIIcations are bridged byLligands through Zn—N bonds to form the bimetallic rings. One type of bimetallic ring constructs a one-dimensional nanotubeviaO—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds along the crystallographicadirection, and the other constructs zero-dimensional molecular cagesviaO—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds. They are interlinked into a two-dimensional network in theacplane through extensive N—H...O hydrogen bonds, and a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture is formedviaπ–π interactions between the centroids of the benzene rings of the quinoline ring systems.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Printing Based Hybrid Manufacturing of Microfluidic Devices

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus Alapan ◽  
Muhammad Noman Hasan ◽  
Richang Shen ◽  
Umut A. Gurkan
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Hybrid Manufacturing ◽  
Fabrication Method ◽  
Design Complexity

Microfluidic platforms offer revolutionary and practical solutions to challenging problems in biology and medicine. Even though traditional micro/nanofabrication technologies expedited the emergence of the microfluidics field, recent advances in advanced additive manufacturing hold significant potential for single-step, stand-alone microfluidic device fabrication. One such technology, which holds a significant promise for next generation microsystem fabrication is three-dimensional (3D) printing. Presently, building 3D printed stand-alone microfluidic devices with fully embedded microchannels for applications in biology and medicine has the following challenges: (i) limitations in achievable design complexity, (ii) need for a wider variety of transparent materials, (iii) limited z-resolution, (iv) absence of extremely smooth surface finish, and (v) limitations in precision fabrication of hollow and void sections with extremely high surface area to volume ratio. We developed a new way to fabricate stand-alone microfluidic devices with integrated manifolds and embedded microchannels by utilizing a 3D printing and laser micromachined lamination based hybrid manufacturing approach. In this new fabrication method, we exploit the minimized fabrication steps enabled by 3D printing, and reduced assembly complexities facilitated by laser micromachined lamination method. The new hybrid fabrication method enables key features for advanced microfluidic system architecture: (i) increased design complexity in 3D, (ii) improved control over microflow behavior in all three directions and in multiple layers, (iii) transverse multilayer flow and precisely integrated flow distribution, and (iv) enhanced transparency for high resolution imaging and analysis. Hybrid manufacturing approaches hold great potential in advancing microfluidic device fabrication in terms of standardization, fast production, and user-independent manufacturing.

Four isostructural lanthanide(III) coordination compounds based on a new N-oxydic pyridyl naphthalenediimide ligand: synthesis and characterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Zheng Xiang ◽  
Yue-Bin Shan ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Chang-Cang Huang ◽  
Xi-He Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Lanthanide Ions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Π Interactions

Naphthalenediimides, an attractive class of electron-deficient organic dyes with rich redox and photoredox properties, have been investigated extensively as building blocks for coordination networks or metal–organic frameworks in recent decades. However, most of the available work has focused on d-block metal cations rather than f-block lanthanide ions, whose complexes exhibit a large variability in coordination numbers. In this article, four coordination polymers composed of naphthalenediimides and lanthanide cations, namely catena-poly[[[tris(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)lanthanide]-bis{μ-N,N′-bis[(1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methyl]-1,8:4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide-κ2 O:O′}-[tris(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)lanthanide]-μ-N,N′-bis[(1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methyl]-1,8:4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide-κ2 O:O′] methanol disolvate], {[Ln(C26H16N4O4)1.5(NO3)3]·CH3OH} n , with Ln = Eu, 1, Gd, 2, Dy, 3, and Er, 4, have been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the four compounds are isomorphic and that each asymmetric unit contains one nine-coordinated Ln centre, one and a half diimide ligands, three nitrate anions and one uncoordinated methanol molecule. In addition, each metal centre is surrounded by nine O atoms in a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic geometry. Two centres are bridged by two cis ligands to form a ring, which is further bridged by trans ligands to generate one-dimensional chains. Neighbouring chains are stacked via π–π interactions between pyridine rings to give a two-dimensional structure, which is stabilized by π–π interactions between naphthalene rings, forming the final three-dimensional supermolecular network. Solid-state optical diffuse-reflectance spectral studies indicate that compound 4 is a potential wide band gap semiconductor.

scholarly journals Vapor-Phase Fabrication of a Maleimide-Functionalized Poly-p-xylylene with a Three-Dimensional Structure

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Shu-Man Hu ◽  
Chin-Yun Lee ◽  
Yu-Ming Chang ◽  
Jia-Qi Xiao ◽  
Tatsuya Kusanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Click Reaction ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Dimensional Structure

A vapor-phase process, involving the sublimation of an ice substrate/template and the vapor deposition of a maleimide-functionalized poly-p-xylylene, has been reported to synthesize an advanced porous material, with readily clickable chemical interface properties, to perform a Michael-type addition of a maleimide functionality for conjugation with a thiol group. In contrast to the conventional chemical vapor deposition of poly-p-xylylenes on a solid surface that forms thin film coatings, the process reported herein additionally results in deposition on a dynamic and sublimating ice surface (template), rendering the construction of a three-dimensional, porous, maleimide-functionalized poly-p-xylylene. The process seamlessly exploits the refined chemical vapor deposition polymerization from maleimide-substituted [2,2]paracyclophane and ensures the preservation and transformation of the maleimide functionality to the final porous poly-p-xylylene products. The functionalization and production of a porous maleimide-functionalized poly-p-xylylene were completed in a single step, thus avoiding complicated steps or post-functionalization procedures that are commonly seen in conventional approaches to produce functional materials. More importantly, the equipped maleimide functionality provides a rapid and efficient route for click conjugation toward thiol-terminated molecules, and the reaction can be performed under mild conditions at room temperature in a water solution without the need for a catalyst, an initiator, or other energy sources. The introduced vapor-based process enables a straightforward synthesis approach to produce not only a pore-forming structure of a three-dimensional material, but also an in situ-derived maleimide functional group, to conduct a covalent click reaction with thiol-terminal molecules, which are abundant in biological environments. These advanced materials are expected to have a wide variety of new applications.

A three-dimensional Cu–Na heteronuclear coordination polymer based on iminodiacetic acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1026-1029
Author(s):  
Yu-Hong Wang ◽  
Rui-Feng Song ◽  
Fan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Iminodiacetic Acid ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Planar Geometry ◽  
Water Ligand ◽  
Pyramidal Geometry ◽  
Carboxylate Groups

A novel Cu–Na heteronuclear three-dimensional coordination polymer, poly[diaquadi-μ5-iminodiacetato-di-μ4-iminodiacetato-tricopper(II)disodium(I)], [Cu3Na2(C4H5NO4)4(H2O)2]n, has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The asymmetric unit contains one and a half copper(II) cations, a sodium cation, two iminodiacetate (ida) ligands and a coordinated water ligand. One of the two independent CuIIcentres is in a general position and is five-coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. A [Cu(ida)] unit is formedviaa bis-chelating ida ligand and the coordination sphere of the CuIIatom is completed by two O atoms of two different neighbouring [Cu(ida)2] units. These [Cu(ida)2] units are associated with the second CuIIcation, which is located on a crystallographic inversion centre and is coordinated in a distorted square-planar geometry by two chelating ida ligands. The carboxylate groups of the ida ligands act as bridges and connect the [Cu(ida)] and [Cu(ida)2] building blocks in a 2:1 ratio, forming two-dimensional arrays. These layers are interconnected into a three-dimensional structure by the sodium ions. Each NaIcation is coordinated by six O atoms from five ida ligands and a water molecule. When [Cu(ida)], the NaIcations and [Cu(ida)2] are viewed as 5-, 5- and 8-connected nodes, respectively, the three-dimensional network exhibits a (32.43.52.63)2(32.43.52.63)2(34.616.78) topology.

Enhancing the Three-Dimensional Structure of Adherent Gingival Fibroblasts and Spheroids via a Fibrous Protein-Based Hydrogel Cover

2016 ◽  
Vol 202 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gili Kaufman ◽  
Laiz Nunes ◽  
Alex Eftimiades ◽  
Wojtek Tutak
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Sox2 Expression ◽  
Tissue Culture Polystyrene ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Fibroblast Spheroids ◽  
And Function

Tissue engineering-based therapies rely on the delivery of monolayered fibroblasts on two-dimensional polystyrene-coated and extracellular matrix (ECM) surfaces to regenerate connective tissues. However, this approach may fail to mimic their three-dimensional (3D) native architecture and function. We hypothesize that ECM fibrous proteins, which direct the migration of cells in vivo, may attach and guide polystyrene- and Matrigel™-ECM (M-ECM)-adherent fibroblasts to rearrangement into large multicellular macrostructures with the ability to proliferate. Gingival monolayered fibroblasts and their derived spheroids were added and adhered to tissue culture polystyrene and M-ECM surfaces. The cells were covered with a layer of collagen1 hydrogel combined with vitronectin, fibronectin or fibrin, or 10% M-ECM. The development of 3D cell constructs was characterized by epifluorescence and confocal scanning microscope image analysis. The ECM turnover and the proliferative capabilities of the fibroblasts were determined via gene expression profiling of collagen1, fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase/metallopeptidase 2, Nanog, and SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box2 (Sox2). Expression of the Sox2 protein was followed by immunostaining. The collagen1 protein had the strongest effect on monolayered and spheroid cell rearrangements, forming large spherical shapes and fused 3D macroconstructs. The addition of fibrin protein was typically required to achieve a similar effect on M-ECM-adherent monolayered fibroblasts. The spheroid fusion process was followed by an increase in cell density and the formation of tight clusters. The fused spheroids continued to maintain their intracellular ECM turnover and proliferation capacities. Collagen1 is a valuable component in the rearrangement of adherent fibroblast monolayers and spheroids. Fibroblast spheroids should preferably be used as basic building blocks to assemble multicellular connective tissue-like macrostructures.

Three-Dimensional Structure and Evolution of the MJO and Its Relation to the Mean Flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2007-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel F. Adames ◽  
John M. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Rossby Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Jet Streams ◽  
Modal Structure ◽  
Wave Trains

Abstract The two leading principal components of the daily 850- minus 150-hPa global velocity potential in the Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) (1979–2011) data are used as time-varying Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) indices. Regression maps and meridional cross sections based on these indices are used to document the structure and evolution of the zonal wind (u) and geopotential height (Z) anomalies in the MJO cycle. The data are daily, and they are not separated by season. At upper-tropospheric levels the MJO signature is dominated by eastward-propagating planetary wave packets consisting of equatorial Kelvin waves flanked by Rossby waves centered along 28°N/S, for which the westerly jet streams serve as waveguides. At lower-tropospheric levels the pattern more closely resembles the response to a pulsating heat source over the Maritime Continent, where the Andes block the eastward-propagating Kelvin wave pulse. The contrasting upper- and lower-tropospheric patterns are made up of the same building blocks: a deep, baroclinic modal structure with a node at the 400-hPa level, which dominates the tropical signature, and a barotropic residual field consisting mainly of extratropical wave trains oriented along great circles. The extratropical wave trains emanate from the flanking Rossby waves in the baroclinic modal structure. The strongest of them, which resembles the Pacific–North America (PNA) pattern, extracts kinetic energy from the climatological-mean flow in the jet exit region. At other longitudes the jet stream seems to act as a barrier to the poleward propagation of MJO-related wave activity.

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