Influences of spacing on yield and root size of carrot (Daucus carota L.) under ridge-furrow production

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 826-835
Author(s):  
Habtamu Tegen ◽  
Mnuyelet Jembere
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
System Information ◽  
Root Size

Abstract Although there is adequate information on the influence of plant population on root yield and size of carrot on flat and raised bed for rain fed production system, information on ridge-furrow bed preparation method is limited for irrigation production system. Therefore, in this study, field experiments were conducted for 2 years to determine the appropriate spacing of carrot on ridge-furrow carrot production practice under irrigation. Root yield increased significantly as the population increased. On the contrary, root size significantly decreased as population increased. The result of combined analysis over season and locations indicated that the narrowest spacing of 10 cm × 4 cm rows on the ridge and between plants, respectively, which accommodates 1,250,000 plants ha−1 gave significantly highest marketable carrot root yield of 26 t ha−1 followed by 22.6 t ha−1 with spacing of 20 cm × 4 cm which accommodates 1,000,000 plants ha−1, but it produced the smallest individual root weight of 83 g which is mostly preferred for household consumption unlike jumbo roots. Therefore, in terms of root sizes and marketable yield, the current study identified that spacing of 10 cm × 4 cm is optimum on ridge-furrow carrot production practices.

scholarly journals Development of a Cultural Production System for Gobo (Japanese Burdock)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 503C-503
Author(s):  
D.C. Sanders ◽  
Jay Frick ◽  
W.R. Jester
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield

`Takinogawa Long' gobo was seeded with two, three, or four rows per 1.5-m bed at in-row spacings of 7.5, 15, 21.5, and 30 cm. Total and marketable increased with in-row spacing and marketable yield increased with row number with the greatest yields occurring at 15, regardless of row number. Average root weight and yield of forked roots was not affected by row number, but increased with in row spacing. Similarly, percentage of forked roots decreased with more rows per bed. The 15-cm in-row spacing had the greatest yield, but also the greatest weight of culled roots, but none of the populations affected the percentage culls. In another study, in-row subsoiling (SS) and in-row banded phosphorus (P) were evaluated. Marketable yield was increased by both SS and P, but they did not interact. P increased average root weight. Neither SS or P affected forked root yield or cull root yield, but SS decreased forked roots and increased cull production.

The Effects of Plant Density, Spatial Arrangement and Time of Harvest on Yield and Root Size in Carrots

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Salter ◽  
I. E. Currah ◽  
Jane R. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Arrangement ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Time Of Harvest

SUMMARYFour experiments were carried out over a 2-year period to investigate the effect of plant density and spatial arrangement and the time of lifting on yield and root size of carrots. Plant arrangement was varied by growing the plants in 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 10-row systems in beds with rows 12–5 and 37–5 cm apart. With each row arrangement crops were grown at target densities of 108, 323 and 537 plants/ma. There were three times of harvest. Total root yield was not significantly affected by plant arrangement or, in three out of the four experiments, by plant density but yields progressively increased with later harvests at all density levels. Yields of canning-size roots (20–30 mm diameter) were influenced by plant density and time of harvest and there were highly significant interactions between these variables on canning root yields. Highest absolute yields were obtained from the latest harvests from the medium and high plant density treatments; with the lowest density treatments the highest yields of canners were obtained from the earliest harvests. Mean root weight was significantly affected by plant density and harvest time. Row system effects on mean root weight were shown to be largely accounted for by differences in percentage seedling emergence and hence the plant density obtained under the different row system treatments and a possible reason for this effect is discussed. The relationship between mean root weight and plant density was not affected by the pattern of plant arrangement in these experiments. Total root yields were shown to be related to cumulative potential evapotranspiration from sowing rather than to chronological time. It is concluded that with the range of row systems used in these experiments, row spacing had little effect on root yield but confirmed previous work that plant density and time of harvest were the most important variables controlling mean root size and hence the yield of roots of any particular size grade.

scholarly journals 430 Spacing and Subsoiling Affect Yield and Quality of Gobo (Japanese Burdock)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 518D-518
Author(s):  
D.C. Sanders ◽  
W.R. Jester
Keyword(s):  
Row Spacing ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

During 2 years, `Takinogawa Long' gobo was seeded with two, three, or four rows per 1.5-m bed at in row spacings of 7.5, 15, 21.5, and 30 cm. Total and marketable yield increased with in-row spacing and marketable yield increased with row number, with greatest yields occurring at 15 cm regardless of row number. Average root weight and yield of forked roots were not affected by row number but increased with in row spacing. Similarly, percent forked roots decreased with more rows per bed. The 15-cm in-row spacing had the greatest yield, but also the greatest weight of culled roots, but none of the populations affected percentage culls. In another study, in-row subsoiling (SS) and in-row banded phosphorus (P) were evaluated. Marketable yield was increased by both SS and P but did not interact. P increased average root weight. Neither SS or P affected forked root yield or cull root yield, but SS decreased forked roots and increased cull production.

scholarly journals Comparison of selected characteristics of root parsley [Petroselinum crispum conv. radicosum (Alef.) Danert] cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Weight Losses

An assortment of 15 cultivars of root parsley was studied in field experiments to evaluate morphological characteristics, market yield, content of selected minerals and nitrate content. Storage ability of roots was also assessed. Mean root weight ranged from 87 g (cv. Bartowich Long) to 129 g (cv. Atika). Root head diameter was from 39 mm (cv. Lange) to 49 mm (cv. Halflange Omega and Hamburg). Mean root yield amounted to 1.35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and the highest value was found in cv. Atika. Nitrate content did not exceed the tolerance limit ranging from 113 to 617 mg/kg of f.m. Mean content of K was 4,690 mg, Ca 124 mg, Mg 509 mg, and Na 425 mg/kg of f.m. Weight losses ranged from 10 to 32%; cv. Jadran showed the lowest value. Newer Czech cultivars (Atika, Jadran, Orbis) had a good commercial and growth potential. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Beetroot and radish root yield in organic double-cropping production system

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Milan Ugrinović ◽  
Bogoljub Zečević ◽  
Zdenka Girek ◽  
Suzana Pavlović ◽  
Ivan Krga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Microbial Fertilizers

Despite numerous positive effects on the environment, increased demands, intense research, and adequate public attention, crops grown according to the principles of organic production still occupy considerably small areas. It is difficult for certified producers to decide to expand the production of certified organic vegetables. One of the reasons is the insufficiently developed growing technology of different vegetable species in accordance with the law and regulations on organic production. Intercropping, growing of subsequent crops, and application of microbiological fertilizers are considered as the most useful techniques for yield increases in sustainable growing practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities for enhancing root yield of beetroot and radish, when grown as second crops in an organic double-cropping production system. The effects of intercropping and applying microbial fertilizers on the vegetable root weights were assessed. Intercropping was with green beans, implemented by replacement series method. Two microbial fertilizers were applied, one containing selected strains of Bacillus megatherium, B. licheniformis, B. suptilis, Azotobacter chrocoocum, A. vinelandi and Derxia sp. (M1), and other with Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter sp., Penicillium oxalicum and Fusarium sp. (M2). Intercropping and microbial fertilizers contributed to the root weight increase. The highest root weights were noted for the intercropped plants treated with M1 (beetroot, 151.8 g) and M2 (radish, 351.0 g), which was 23.5% and 15.5% higher than in the sole crop unfertilized control. The results imply combining intercropping and the appropriate microbial fertilizers as an effective strategy for increasing yields of organically grown beetroot and radish.

Further studies on the effects of plant density, spatial arrangement and time of harvest on yield and root size in carrots

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Salter ◽  
I. B. Currah ◽  
Jane R. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Arrangement ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Time Of Harvest

SummaryThree experiments were carried out over a 2-year period to study the effect of plant density and spatial arrangement and the time of lifting on yield and root size of carrots. Plant density treatments ranged from 108 to 1553 plants/m2 and plant arrangement was varied by growing the plants in 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 10-, 18- and 36-row systems within a 152 cm bed; there were either two or three harvests in each experiment.Total plant fresh weight, total root yield and mean root weight were not significantly affected by plant arrangement over the range studied, but they all progressively increased with later harvests. The asymptotic relationships between these yield variables and plant density were adequately described by the equation of Shinozaki & Kira (1956), the relationships being significantly different for each harvest.Yields of canning-size roots (20–30 mm diameter) were influenced by time of harvest, plant density and the interactions between these two variables. The yield of canning-size roots increased with plant density to a maximum and then declined, the maximum yield being achieved at a higher density with later harvests. In two out of the three experiments there was no effect of spatial arrangement on canning root yields but in the third experiment there was a significant row system × density × harvest interaction.The numbers of roots harvested per metre of row did not differ significantly between the ‘outer’ and ‘other’ rows for any row system treatment. The mean root weight, however, was consistently greater from the outer rows of systems with three or more rows and this ‘edge’ effect became larger with later harvests.The results are discussed in relation to other published data and to carrot production. It is concluded that any of the tested row systems are equally satisfactory for carrot production and the choice can be based on such considerations as the availability of suitable harvesting equipment.

Studies on the Agronomic Characteristics, Yield, and Saikosaponin Content of Two Bupleurum Species in Taiwan

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 181-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin-Yie Liu ◽  
Whi-Koa Wu ◽  
Jau-Yueh Wang ◽  
Li-Mei Son ◽  
Ming-Hong Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Analysis

Two Bupleurum species (Bupleurums spp.), i.e., B. falcatum L. cv. Tainung No. 1 and B. kaoi Liu, Chao, et Chuang, were compared for their differences in seed germination, plant characteristics and root yield, and saikosaponin content. Experimental data showed that the most suitable temperature for seed germination of the two species was 16°C. Two treatments, cold stratification at 4°C for 8 weeks and presoaking by running water for 2 days, resulted in higher germination rates. Tainung No. 1 possessed a higher 1,000-seed weight than B. kaoi. However, field survival rate was higher for B. kaoi than for Tainung No. 1. Results from field experiments also revealed that stem diameter, leaf width and fresh weight of various plant parts except the root were superior for Tainung No. 1 to B. kaoi. On the contrary, tiller number and root diameter and weight of B. kaoi were higher than those of Tainung No. 1. Harvest date and elevation had significant effects on the agronomic performance of the two Bupleurum spp. Measurements of most traits of the 6 month-old plants were superior to those of the 3 and 10 month-old plants. Cultivation at higher elevation (850 m) favored the development of leaf weight and root length, while cultivation at lower elevation (85 m) facilitated the development of plant height, root diameter, and root weight. Analysis of saikosaponin concentration in the root tissue revealed that average contents of 3.19 and 3.80 mg/g, respectively, for plants grown at the elevations of 850 m and 85 m. Comparison between the two species showed no significant difference in saikosaponin content, ranging from 3.45 to 3.55 mg/g.

Consistency of long-term marketable yield of carrot and onion cultivars in muck (organic) soil in relation to seasonal weather

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Tesfaendrias ◽  
M. R. McDonald ◽  
J. Warland
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Mean

To identify carrot and onion cultivars that provide consistent marketable yields, we tracked the yields of five fresh market carrot [(Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.] and six onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars for at least 13 yr. Relationships between long-term weather variables and marketable yields were also investigated. The effects of cultivar, year and cultivar × year interactions on yield of carrots and onions were assessed. Cultivar and year had significant effects on carrot and onion yields, while the interaction was significant in only one of four data sets of carrot yield. Carrot cv. Cellobunch (95.4 t ha–1) and onion cv. Corona (74.1 t ha–1) had the highest mean marketable yields over the years studied. There was a slight positive correlation between mean yield of the assessed carrots and maximum temperatures in September (r = 0.44). Mean carrot yield was also somewhat negatively correlated with total rainfall in July (r = –0.43) and with number of days with rain in August (r = –0.43) and September (r = –0.44). Most onion cultivars showed stronger relationships between marketable yield and various weather patterns. Marketable yield of onions increased with an increase in the number of days with rainfall in June (r = 0.57). The mean marketable yield of the six onion cultivars decreased in relation to temperatures ≥30°C in June (r = –0.55) and August (r = –0.53). The mean yield of all the onions in the trials was negatively correlated (r = –0.78) with growing degree days (base 5°C, May to August). The results indicated that the data from long-term cultivar trials can be used to identify cultivars that yield well despite seasonal variations in weather. Key words: Daucus carota, Allium cepa, temperature, rainfall

scholarly journals Evaluation of improved cassava genotypes for yield and related traits for a better breeding strategy under different agroecologies in Nigeria

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Adetoro ◽  
O. O. Oworu ◽  
A. L. Nassir ◽  
A. Bello ◽  
E. Parkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Fresh Root

AbstractThis study aimed at determining shoot and root characteristics of cassava as affected by root yield and the influence of soil moisture on vegetative growth and yield. Thirty cassava genotypes were evaluated for morphological and physiological characterization in three locations in Nigeria: Ibadan, Mokwa and Zaria. Randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Studies on the pasting properties of the genotypes were also carried out. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, stay-green ability, garri and fresh root weight. Genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.05) across and within locations for shoot and root characteristics. Across locations, genotype 011663 had the highest plant height (132.4 cm); 30572 had the largest stem girth (8.6 cm); and 010040 was the best stay-green (2.2). Genotype 011086 had the highest number of roots per plot (95.7), 950289 had the highest fresh root yield (24.3 t/ha), and 990554 had the highest percentage of dry matter (35.2). Trends in root yields across locations were Ibadan (28.9 t/ha), Mokwa (20.3 t/ha), and Zaria (8 t/ha). Five genotypes IITA-TMS-IBA950289, 010034, 990554, 011807, and 980581 had negligible interactions with the environment and so have broad adaptation and are considered stable; and two clones 011807 and 950166 were found to be the best for pasting properties. Breeding strategies that consider root size, total root number, harvest index, dry matter, with applications for household foods and industrial uses, will be an effective and efficient way to select genotypes for high yield.

LAMB’S-QUARTERS INTERFERENCE WITH DIRECT SEEDED BROCCOLI

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRIS BITTERLICH ◽  
MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Cole Crop

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to study the effect of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) interference on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis ’Emperor’) growth and yield. Broccoli growth was initially affected by weed interference at 28–36 d after seeding. Generally, the negative effect of weed interference on broccoli growth increased with increasing weed density and time after seeding. Interference by 15 lamb’s-quarters plants m−2 reduced the biomass of broccoli plants by 71–73% compared to the weed-free control at 57–58 d after seeding. Weed density-crop yield relationship curves showed that one lamb’s-quarters plant m−2 decreased total yield by 18–20% and marketable yield by 22–37%. Lamb’s-quarters reduced the total yield per plot by decreasing the average head weight of broccoli. The number of heads per plot was not affected. Weed interference also reduced the weight of heads classified as marketable (> 10 cm across). However, in 1987 more heads failed to reach a marketable size which resulted in a much smaller marketable yield than in 1988.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, broccoli, Chenopodium album L., weed density, weed interference, cole crop

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