scholarly journals Social Justice and Gender

Open Theology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
William Loader
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Value System ◽  
Greek Translation ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Creation Stories ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article examines the impact of the widespread pattern of unequal age at marriage which led men to conclude that not only were their wives less experienced and mature, they were also inferior by nature. It examines the ideological underpinning for the view of women’s inferiority in Plato and the Genesis creation stories, especially in their Greek translation. It then traces the way this value system found expression in the traditional allocation of gender roles, women taking responsibility for the internal affairs of the household and men for the external affairs, including public discourse. There were exceptions both within Judaism and within the early Christian movement. These and the egalitarian thoughts in Christian beginnings had the potential to subvert these norms, over time, but a long time.

scholarly journals The Impact of Serotype Cross-Protection on Vaccine Trials: DENVax as a Case Study

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Maíra Aguiar ◽  
Nico Stollenwerk
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Dengue Vaccine ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Health Need ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

There is a growing public health need for effective preventive interventions against dengue, and a safe, effective and affordable dengue vaccine against the four serotypes would be a significant achievement for disease prevention and control. Two tetravalent dengue vaccines, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV—Sanofi Pasteur) and DENVax (TAK 003—Takeda Pharmaceutical Company), have now completed phase 3 clinical trials. Although Dengvaxia resulted in serious adverse events and had to be restricted to individuals with prior dengue infections, DENVax has shown, at first glance, some encouraging results. Using the available data for the TAK 003 trial, we estimate, via the Bayesian approach, vaccine efficacy (VE) of the post-vaccination surveillance periods of 12 and 18 months. Although better measurement over a long time was expected for the second part of the post-vaccination surveillance, variation in serotype-specific efficacy needs careful consideration. Besides observing that individual serostatus prior to vaccination is determinant of DENVax vaccine efficacy, such as for Dengvaxia, we also noted, after comparing the VE estimations for 12- and 18-month periods, that vaccine efficacy is decreasing over time. The comparison of efficacies over time is informative and very important, and brings up the discussion of the role of temporary cross-immunity in dengue vaccine trials and the impact of serostatus prior to vaccination in the context of dengue fever epidemiology.

scholarly journals Is Spanish Becoming more Gender Fair? A Historical Perspective on the Interpretation of Gender-specific and Gender-neutral Expressions

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Kjær Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Male Image ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Over Time

During the last three decades, many recommendations for a gender fair Spanish language have been proposed, but, generally speaking, it has been the substitution of the so-called 'masculine generic' (e.g. los profesores 'the teachers [masc.]') by gender neutral (e.g. el pro¬fesorado 'the staff of teachers) or explicit references (e.g. los profesores y (las) profesoras 'the teachers [masc. and fem., resp.]') which has been favoured. Two important assumptions are implicit in these recommendations. First, the sentences containing the masculine forms would lead to associations primarily to men (thus leaving women 'invisible'), whereas sentences containing either the gender-neutral forms or the gender-explicit references would evoke a generic association. Second, the associations between form and mental representation are considered inalterable and unlikely to change over time. This paper intends to interrogate these assumptions by means of two questionnaire investigations that were carried out in Spain in 1995 and 2005 in which native speakers of Spanish were asked to complete specific filler sentences. The results of both investigations demonstrate that there is no clear-cut correspondence between certain linguistic forms and the mental (gender-) representations evoked in peoples' minds. For example, a masculine form is not automatically connected with a male image. The investigation also shows that some associations significantly change over time; for example, a clear male bias of the masculine form in the first study seems to have vanished within a time span of ten years. With respect to another aim of the gender fair recommendations - namely to make women more visible in public discourse – the investigations show that this, indeed, is best achieved by explicitly referring to women. Interestingly, this result appears to be stable over time. Altogether, it seems justifiable to conclude that the assumptions underlying the recommendations for a gender fair language can be challenged. At any rate, it is important to point out that these assumptions are subject to change over time - at least within politically influenced language matters – and perhaps faster than has been expected.

scholarly journals The Impact of Serotype Cross-Protection on Vaccine Trials: DENVax as a Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maíra Aguiar ◽  
Nico Stollenwerk
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Dengue Vaccine ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Health Need ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

There is a growing public health need for effective preventive interventions against dengue, and a safe, effective and affordable dengue vaccine against the four serotypes would be a significant achievement for disease prevention and control. Two tetravalent dengue vaccines, Dengvaxia (Sanofi Pasteur) and DENVax (Takeda Pharmaceutical Company), have now completed phase 3 clinical trials. While Dengvaxia resulted in serious adverse events and is restricted to individuals with prior dengue infections, DENVax has shown, at first glance, some encouraging results. Using the available data for the TAK 003 trial, we estimate, via the Bayesian approach, vaccine efficacy (VE) of the post-vaccination surveillance periods. Although better measurement over long time was expected for the second part of the post-vaccination surveillance, variation in serotype-specific efficacy needs careful consideration. Besides observing that individual serostatus prior to vaccination is determinant of DENVax vaccine efficacy, we also compare the VE estimations for 12 and 18 months and we observe that the efficacy is decreasing over time. The comparison of efficacies over time is informative and very important, bring up the discussion of the role of temporary cross-immunity in dengue vaccine trials and the impact of serostatus prior to vaccination in the context of dengue fever epidemiology.

Initiation and continuation of best friends and adolescents’ alcohol consumption: Do self-esteem and self-control function as moderators?

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Larsen ◽  
Geertjan Overbeek ◽  
Ad A. Vermulst ◽  
Isabela Granic ◽  
Rutger C. M. E. Engels
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Adolescent Drinking ◽  
Best Friends ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

In this three-wave longitudinal survey, we investigated bi-directional longitudinal associations between best friends and adolescents’ alcohol consumption. Additionally, since the relation between best friends and adolescents’ drinking may be stronger if adolescents have not consumed alcohol yet, we examined this relation not only with regard to continuation but also with regard to the initiation of adolescent drinking. We also hypothesized that low levels of self-esteem and self-control in youths would be related to a higher susceptibility to the impact of their best friends’ drinking. Data were used from 433 adolescents and their best friends. Results of SEM analyses did not provide evidence for bi-directional associations between best friends and adolescents’ alcohol use over time. Nevertheless, the results of additional growth curve analyses indicated that adolescents and best friends’ drinking does seem to develop in a similar fashion over time. Adolescents’ self-esteem, self-control, and gender did not moderate longitudinal associations between best friends and adolescents’ drinking. The discussion focuses on methodological and theoretical explanations for the absence of significant longitudinal relations between best friends and adolescents’ drinking.

scholarly journals Contexts and gender – looking back and thinking forward

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Welter
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
Women's Entrepreneurship ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the main contributions of the context-gender discussion in entrepreneurship research and its main developments over time to identify promising future research avenues. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds on the author’s extensive knowledge of the context-gender debate and on several recent overviews and reviews of the debate. It is written as essay, introducing its main themes through a personal reflection and complemented by a selective review of research on gendered contexts and women’s entrepreneurship. Findings The context-gender discussion has moved forward. The first wave of context-gender studies contextualized gender, considering the impact of contexts on women’s entrepreneurship. Nowadays, studies are conducted on how contexts are gendered and how they are constructed in gendered ways through, for example, words, images, cognitions, as well as how women entrepreneurs can impact on and enact their contexts. Originality/value This paper contributes novel insights into contextualizing gender and gendering contexts. It is unique in suggesting that a perspective on gendering contexts will allow to explore the diversity of entrepreneurship and further develop theories related to contexts and gender.

THE IMPOSSIBLE ART OF DRESSING TO PLEASE: JEROME AND THE RHETORIC OF DRESS

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 531-547
Author(s):  
Mary Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

This paper uses the letters of Jerome as a case study for examining the rhetoric of dress in early Christian writing, and considers how far such a language of dress can be useful in creating a catalogue or chronology of female dress in Late Antiquity. The paper will argue that discourses about dress and gender in the western empire show striking continuity over time and across the boundary between classical and Christian literature.

scholarly journals BOOK REVIEW: PEREMPUAN, MASYARAKAT PATRIARKI & KESETARAAN GENDER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Dwi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Society ◽  
Over Time

This book was written to provide readers with information and data about the patriarchal system and gender equality. The author discussed the impact of the patriarchal system and how the patriarchal system corrupted the next generation over time. Facts about discrimination are also presented in it. The author also wanted to show the struggle of women in gaining gender equality. The general society is the audience of “Perempuan, Masyarakat Patriarki & Kesetaraan Gender”. The author hopes that the general society, especially young people, will understand the contents of this book and change the previously unorganized society's order. The oldster is not out of sight of the writer's attention because it also discusses and educates them. The author provided data in the form of statistics presented based on a survey conducted by the author, Such as the low SDGs due to early marriage and the percentage of children who have to drop out of school and get married. The author also reports on activities that have been carried out in order to achieve gender equality. It contains essential things, but we often underestimate them. Discrimination is often considered normal, even though it is hazardous and impacts the victim's psyche. People are not aware of this danger. The book “Perempuan, Masyarakat Patriarki & Kesetaraan Gender” makes us aware of our environment and wants to prevent things like that from happening.

scholarly journals Person(s) of Interest and Missing Women: Legal Abandonment in the Downtown Eastside

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Craig
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
Downtown Eastside ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Robert Pickton

The criminal prosecution of Robert Pickton involved an eleven-month jury trial, two appeals to the British Columbia Court of Appeal, an appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada, and seventy-six reported judicial rulings. This article, through a combination of discursive and doctrinal analyses of these seventy-six decisions, examines what was (not) achieved by the Pickton trial. It discusses three areas: the judicial representation of the women Pickton was prosecuted for murdering; the implications of the jury’s verdict in the Pickton proceedings; and the impact of the Pickton trial on the families of the women he murdered. The article starts from the premise that it is correct to characterize these murders as a product of collective violence. Colonialism, political and legal infrastructure, and public discourse—and hegemonies based on race, class, and gender that these processes, institutions, and practices hold in place—produced a particular class of vulnerable women, the police who failed them, and Robert Pickton. The article concludes by suggesting that the outcomes of the Pickton prosecution both highlight the limitations of the criminal justice system and offer an analytical framework for examining other institutional responses (such as the Missing Women’s Inquiry) to the kind of collective violence that gave rise to the Pickton circumstance.

scholarly journals A Relationship between Road Conditions, Physical and Psychophysical Experience among Occupational Drivers

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Rahayu K. Seri ◽  
Ros Ahmad Fatihah
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Occupational Drivers

Nowadays, back pain has contributed huge percentage to Malaysian drivers during driving. Bad or awkward sitting posture may cause fatigue and musculoskeletal pain to the driver due to long distance driving or maintained for a long time. Therefore, it is essential to do the survey on the impact of these elements for the driver based on our Malaysian road conditions. The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between different physical categories (age, height, weight and gender) and psychophysical experience on focusing with the degree of comfort ability drivers on Malaysian road condition. The survey should be conducted in random by taking sample from difference categories of drivers in order to get fair result. The experiment has been conducted to define the effect factors of level comfort during thirty minutes driving on the actual road. The result show, aging is one of the factors have significantly higher absolute discomfort for drivers aging from 43 to 53-54 years old with driving in the descending road. In the other hand it is shows that the discomfort ability of drivers can be influences by the driving experience, weight, height and gender of the drivers. Thus, it can be conclude, Malaysian drivers mostly feel discomfort when driving at the descending road and winding road compare to two others road.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

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