scholarly journals Plant Health Risks Arising by the Soil Exhaustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Jigău ◽  
Elena Cernolev ◽  
Adriana Acciu
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Factors that determinated phytosanitarian chernozems worsening was examined in the space between Prut and Nistru in the global phenomenon of agricultural soil exhaustion. It was established anthropological and natural origin (pedofunctional) phenomenon of studied exhaustion chernozems exhaustion. The main cause of cernozems exhaustion is to reduce the dominant role of the training and accumulation of humus. Through this prism of ideas, soil exhaustion and phytosanitarian worsening is inherent to agricultural system currently practiced. The impact mitigating of this process involves the bioenergy resources sustainable management involved in anthropogenic pedogenesis.

scholarly journals The Role of Selected Ecosystem Services in Different Farming Systems in Poland Regarding the Differentiation of Agricultural Land Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6673
Author(s):  
Lidia Luty ◽  
Kamila Musiał ◽  
Monika Zioło
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Supporting Soil ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The Impact

The functioning of various agroecosystems is nowadays shaped by different farming systems, which may impair their functions, as well as being beneficial to them. The benefits include ecosystem services, defined as economic and noneconomic values gained by humans from ecosystems, through supporting soil formation and nutrient circulation, and the impact of agriculture on climate and biodiversity. Their mutual flow and various disturbances depend on the agroecosystem’s management method, which is associated with the type of management of agricultural land (AL) in individual farms. This paper raises a problem of transformation in the structure of three main farming systems in Poland, in 2004–2018, in relation to the implementation of 16 selected ecosystem services and their scale. Special attention was given to organic farming, as the most environmentally friendly and sustainable. The analysis demonstrates the increase in ALs in that type of production during the analyzed period of time. Disparities of transformation associated with the type of agricultural system were noticeable at the regional level, which were presented in 16 Polish voivodeships. The results of the analysis confirm that the organic system, which is an important carrier of various ecosystem services, gained a stable position. Moreover, areas with integrated farming still do not exceed 0.5% of total agricultural lands in such voivodeships. The analysis of factors influencing the deterioration or disappearance of selected environmental services characterizing agricultural systems indicates the need to depart from an intensive conventional management system.

scholarly journals ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЧУБУШНИКА ЯК ЛІКАРСЬКОЇ РОСЛИНИ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
V.D. Ishchenko ◽  
S.V. Kostenko ◽  
V.M. Kostenko ◽  
Y.V. Tymoshyk
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Reagent Solution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Basic Action ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
The Impact

Medicinal plants are insufficiently studied and almost endless. The use of phytomedication enables reduce the impact of xenobiotics on animals organism through the natural origin of active compounds and associated and auxiliary substances smoothing the basic action and prevent the manifestation of side effects. One of such plants the possibility of using in veterinary practice is still insufficiently studied is mock–orange. Considering on the important role of phenolic compounds in the metabolic regulation of plant and diversity of impact of these substances on organism of animals and humans, in leaves of mock–oranges different cultivar was identified the content of phenolic secondary metabolites to identify the prospects for their further using in veterinary medicine. The qualitative reaction with the Wilson reagent, solution of iron (III) chloride and by cyanidin reaction in extracts from mock–orange leaves was established the presence of phenolic compounds. Further phytochemical investigations established that the content of phenols in the investigated extracts is between 33.0 ± 0.48 to 107.1 ± 0.91 mg/g (in Philadelphus L. 'Avalanche'). The content of flavonoids in alcohol extracts from leaves of different species of mock–oranges varies from 5.3 ± 0.41 to 10.6 ± 0.41 mg/g. Greatest quantity of flavonoids at relatively of low content of phenols contained in the preparation from leaves of Philadelphus coronaries 'Nana '(mock–orange dwarf), the use of which, along with Philadelphus L. 'Avalanche' can be perspective in medical and veterinary practice, considering on the high concentration of phenols and flavonoids and coumarins in these mock–oranges breed.  

scholarly journals Organisation design and the role of ICT: Negative effects of working from home during the coronavirus pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ernad Kahrović ◽  
Emina Kahrović
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Organization Design ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the paper is to point to the role and importance of organization design as a tool for strategy implementation, together with a dominant, role of technology in shaping the design. Namely, the development, of modern information and communication technology (ICT) is accompanied by the creation of new organizational forms, which enable the management, and employees to carry out, a significant, portion of work from home. The central focus of this paper is the impact, of technology on the creation of new forms of design, with a virtual organization taking up a particularly prominent, position. We underline the fact, that, among many changes that, the coronavirus pandemic has produced in everyday life, working from home can be considered as the most, drastic one; hence, its harmful effects are underscored, such as those relating to negative psychological effects, anxiety disorders, health issues, job loss, decreased efficiency and reduced satisfaction of the employees.

The Role of Viruses in the Phytobiome

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Schoelz ◽  
Lucy R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Current

Viruses are an important but sequence-diverse and often understudied component of the phytobiome. We succinctly review current information on how plant viruses directly affect plant health and physiology and consequently have the capacity to modulate plant interactions with their biotic and abiotic environments. Virus interactions with other biota in the phytobiome, including arthropods, fungi, and nematodes, may also impact plant health. For example, viruses interact with and modulate the interface between plants and insects. This has been extensively studied for insect-vectored plant viruses, some of which also infect their vectors. Other viruses have been shown to alter the impacts of plant-interacting phytopathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi and bacteria. Viruses that infect nematodes have also recently been discovered, but the impact of these and phage infecting soil bacteria on plant health remain largely unexplored.

The role of crop and pasture legumes in rotations on duplex soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Ewing ◽  
AD Bathgate ◽  
RJ French ◽  
CK Revell
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Agricultural Performance ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Established Role

Duplex soils are prominent in southern Australia and are generally low in fertility. Their agricultural performance is, therefore, suboptimal in most circumstances without an exogenous source of nitrogen. This is often supplied by legumes which are grown in rotation with non-leguminous crops. Both crop and pasture legumes are now widely used in southern Australia and the contribution that they make to the non-legume phase of rotations is through nitrogen fixation and through other mechanisms such as cereal disease breaks. We use a mathematical programming model, MIDAS (Model of an Integrated Farming Dryland Agricultural System), to investigate the role of legumes in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia. The impact of legumes on farm profitability is assessed with a special focus on the contribution of legumes grown on a duplex soil. By using the model, the sensitivity of rotation choice on this duplex soil to changes in biological and economic parameters is explored. We conclude that crop legumes, in particular, have a firmly established role on sandy-surfaced duplex soils in low rainfall regions and that substantial increases in both the productivity and legume content of pasture would be required to outperform rotations which include crop legumes.

The ISSMGE Kerry Rowe Lecture: The role of diffusion in environmental geotechnics

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1219-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Shackelford
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Waste Containment ◽  
Phase Diffusion ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Diffusion of contaminants can play a significant if not dominant role in many applications encountered within the field of environmental geotechnics. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the important role diffusion plays in such applications. The presentation proceeds from a historical perspective, beginning with the recognition in the late 1970s to early 1980s that diffusion may be an important process in assessing contaminant migration through low-permeability barriers in waste containment applications. Data from the literature and simplified model simulations are used to illustrate under what conditions diffusion is important, and the significance of diffusion is illustrated with respect to different barrier components and types of barriers used in waste containment applications. The barriers considered include natural clays, compacted clay liners, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, composite liners, vertical cutoff walls, subaqueous caps for contaminated sediments, and highly compacted bentonite buffers for high-level radioactive waste containment. The significance of semi-permeable membrane behavior on liquid-phase diffusion through bentonite-based barriers also is highlighted. The potential importance of matrix diffusion as an attenuation mechanism for contaminant transport is illustrated, and the roles of both liquid-phase and gas-phase diffusion under unsaturated conditions are discussed. Finally, the role of diffusion in terms of remediation applications is illustrated via an example analysis illustrating the impact of reverse matrix or back diffusion on the effectiveness of pump-and-treat remediation, as well as via a summary of several diffusion-based models commonly used to describe the leaching of contaminants from a variety of stabilized–solidified waste forms.

scholarly journals Impact of Government Expenditure on Agricultural Productivity in South Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1734-1742
Author(s):  
Megbowon Ebenezer ◽  
Saul Ngarava ◽  
Nsikak-Abasi Etim ◽  
Oluwabunmi Popoola
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Level ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Government expenditure has been considered to be having an extent of impact on economic performance at both sectoral level and aggregate national level. Evidence from literature, however shows that this notion has not been generally accepted across countries and sectors. Considering the significance of agriculture in an economy most especially in Africa, and the consequent role of government, this study examines the impact of government expenditure on agricultural productivity in South Africa using annual time series data from 1983 to 2016. It is shown that there exists a long-run relationship between government expenditure on agriculture and agricultural productivity, and a positive significant effect only to be expected in the long-run. The finding underscores the non-negotiable role of the South African government funding of agricultural sector in an era of climate change and a highly commercialized agricultural system. Furthermore, considering the low and declining pattern of government expenditure in the sector in South Africa, the desired productivity growth impact will only be experienced in the long-run all things being equal. Improving government funding in the sector could accelerate the desired agricultural productivity in the short-term.

scholarly journals Hegemony of Network Capabilities, Frugal Innovation and Innovation Strategies: The Innovation Performance Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Mohamed Haffar ◽  
Rasim Ozcan ◽  
Magdalena Radulescu ◽  
Nicoleta Isac ◽  
Abdelmohsen A. Nassani
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Frugal Innovation ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of advanced technologies has brought new challenges and opportunities for all kinds of business organizations. In a technologically advanced era, innovation plays a dominant role for the successful operation of the commercial landscape. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the impact of network capabilities (NC) and frugal innovation (FI) on innovation performance (IP). Furthermore, the mediating role of FI and moderating role of innovation strategies has also been tested on the link between NC and IP. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) registered with small and medium enterprises development authorities (SMEDA) were approached for the completion of the current study. Only 509 owner/managers agreed to participate. A quantitative research design was employed for the current study. During the two–three months process of data collection only 387 complete responses were received from the SMEs working in Pakistan’s big cities. Correlation, regression and bootstrap methods were applied to test the study hypotheses. The findings revealed that NC positively affect FI and IP. Furthermore, the findings also confirmed the mediating effect of FI between NC and IP link. The performance of SMEs working in emerging economies is largely based on their innovative activities. In this dynamic scenario SMEs’ survival is attached to continuous IP in their products and services.

Radiation and Environmental Aspects of Advanced Nuclear Energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
I. Linge ◽  
S. Utkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Depth Analysis

The article focuses on the role of radiation criteria and its evolution in the structure of arguments underlying the establishment, operation and development of nuclear energy. It demonstrates that the dominant role of radiation criteria should be reconsidered to allow broader consideration of environmental and other factors associated with sustainable development. Based on in-depth analysis of certain aspects relevant for the mutual development of nuclear energy and radiation and environmental safety requirements, the paper shows that fully-fledged regulatory and technological systems have been deployed to date to ensure the radiation safety of workers and the public: these systems cover all the tasks required to be addressed to limit the technogenic exposure under normal operation. At the same time, an unprecedented gap was noticed between the actual role of radiation factor across human health risks and its perception by the overwhelming part of society. In the near future (some hundred years), urgent tasks in the field of radiation safety will be driven, on the one hand, by the need to ensure the internal consistency of the national security system addressing health risks in general, and on the other, by global processes in the world economy associated with slow growth in energy demand, rapid reduction in the share of fossil fuels in almost all sectors of the economy among the developed countries, including transport, growing general environmental trends towards material recycling and decarbonization. The study shows what should be the attitude to radiation risks so that the nuclear energy could successfully meet the requirements arising from these trends. In this regard, the paper also provides some rational interpretation of the principle suggesting that no undue burden should be imposed on future generations.

Internal Contradictions and External Anxieties: One ‘Coherent’ Arctic Policy for the European Union?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-289
Author(s):  
Adam Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
European Arctic ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
The Impact

The European Union’s overarching policy towards the Arctic is an umbrella policy of complementary and coordination nature composed of internal, external and foreign policy elements. This article examines the policy framework from the perspective of ‘coherence’. What could a coherent and integrated EU Arctic policy entail – as called for by the Council and the European Parliament? I problematise the notion of coherence and offer an understanding of coherence deemed workable in the context of a regionfocused policy-making. Different dimensions of coherence are discussed: internal (lack of contradictory objectives), institutional (coherence between EU institutions), vertical (between the EU and its member states) and external (interaction with other Arctic actors). A number of interrelated contradictions or dichotomies are identified with focus on: Circumpolar versus European Arctic, maritime and terrestrial, internal and external, environmental and developmental goals. There is also a tension between the eagerness to adjust to narratives prevalent in the Arctic – owing to the anxiety of Arctic actors regarding the EU’S presence – and the need to respond to internal voices and retain EU values. While coherence as an ideal goal is a necessary principle of policymaking, its practical application may be counterproductive to a cross-cutting policy field, unless the meaning of ‘coherence’ is specified. I argue that the umbrella Arctic policy should be characterised by procedural rather than outcome coherence. That includes developing and maintaining durable mechanisms for dialogue with Arctic partners, management of the impact of EU policies, ongoing identification of gaps, effective internal coordination frameworks, and modes of continued involvement in Arctic governance structures. The Arctic policy could provide input into general EU decision-making processes, especially if inconsistencies are revealed. Institutional setting with a less dominant role of services focused on maritime and external aspects should be considered.

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