Phenotypical and Genotypical Antimicrobial Resistance of Coagulase-negative staphylococci Isolated from Cow Mastitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Klimiene ◽  
M. Virgailis ◽  
A. Pavilonis ◽  
R. Siugzdiniene ◽  
R. Mockeliunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Encoding Genes

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci were evaluated by breakpoint values specific to the species (EU-CAST). The presence of resistance-encoding genes was detected by multiplex PCR. A total of 191 CNS isolates were obtained. The CNS isolates were typically resistant to penicillin (67.4%), tetracyc-line (18.9%), and erythromycin (13.7%). CNS isolates (78.0%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial compound, and 22.0% were multiresistant. The multiresistant isolates were predominantlyStaphylococcus chromogenes(28.6%),Staphylococcus warneri(19%) andStaphylococcus haemolyticus(14.3%). According to MIC pattern data, multiresistant isolates showed the highest resistance (p<0.05) rates to penicillin (85.7%), tetracycline (66.7%), and erythromycin (48.2%), but all of them were sensitive to daptomycin, oxacillin, qiunupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin.S. chromogenes (9.5%),S. haemolyticus(4.8%), andS. capitis ss capitis(2.4%) strains were resistant to methicillin; their resistance to oxacillin and penicillin was more than 8 mg/l. A high rate of resistance to penicillin was linked to ablaZ gene found in 66.6% of the isolated multiresistant CNS strains. Resistance to tetracycline via thetetK (38.1%) gene and penicillin via themecA (23.8%) gene were detected less frequently. GenemsrAB was responsible for macrolides and lincosamides resistance and detected in 28.6% of the CNS isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified more frequently inS. epidermidis,S. chromogenes, andS. warneri.

Staphylococci among Wild European Rabbits from the Azores: A Potential Zoonotic Issue?

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARIDA SOUSA ◽  
VANESSA SILVA ◽  
ADRIANA SILVA ◽  
NUNO SILVA ◽  
JESSICA RIBEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
European Rabbits

ABSTRACT The prevalence and diversity of Staphylococcus species from wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the Azores were investigated, and the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of the isolates were determined. Nasal samples from 77 wild European rabbits from São Jorge and São Miguel islands in Azores were examined. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was determined by PCR. The genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 49 staphylococci were obtained from 35 of the 77 wild rabbits. Both coagulase-positive (8.2%) and coagulase-negative (91.8%) staphylococci were detected: 4 S. aureus, 17 S. fleurettii, 13 S. sciuri, 7 S. xylosus, 4 S. epidermidis, and 1 each of S. simulans, S. saprophyticus, S. succinus, and S. equorum. The four S. aureus isolates showed methicillin susceptibility and were characterized as spa type t272/CC121, Panton-Valentine leukocidin negative, and hlB positive. Most of the coagulase-negative staphylococci showed resistance to fusidic acid and beta-lactams, and multidrug resistance was identified especially among S. epidermidis isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 20 isolates of the species S. fleurettii and S. epidermidis, associated with the blaZ gene in one S. epidermidis isolate. Five antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in one S. epidermidis isolate (mecA,dfrA,dfrG,aac6′-aph2′′, and ant4). Our results highlight that wild rabbits are reservoirs or “temporary hosts” of Staphylococcus species with zoonotic potential, some of them carrying relevant antimicrobial resistances. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance and resistant genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo ◽  
Hika Waktole ◽  
Gebrerufael Girmay
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant causative agents of mastitis disease in dairy herds. Mastitis disease has a negative impact in the economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and detect antimicrobial resistance genes in the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples of subclinical bovine mastitis in Central Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty CMT positive milk samples were collected and transported to laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic methods were performed for detection of some antimicrobial resistance patterns and genes (mecA, ermA, ermC, and msrA), respectively. Results: From total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n=130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. Of the sixty-eight isolates tested 12 samples were contained the methicillin resistance gene A (mecA). No amplification was observed for the erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermC, and msrA). Conclusion: The high resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antimicrobials contribute in dairy farms may cause health problems in the community consuming raw milk purchased from these farms.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of the Potential Zoonotic Pathogens Staphylococcus felis and Staphylococcus kloosii

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Caroline Mascarenhas dos Santos ◽  
Ruili Jie ◽  
Helena Antunes Godoy ◽  
Manuela Alves ◽  
Jean-François Pombert
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Potential Reservoir

ABSTRACT Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens frequently encountered in nosocomial infections. Animal-associated CoNS pose a zoonotic risk and constitute a potential reservoir for virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. To improve our knowledge of animal-associated CoNS, we sequenced the complete genomes of Staphylococcus felis (ATCC 49168) and Staphylococcus kloosii (ATCC 43959).

scholarly journals High antimicrobial resistance and plasmid-carrying resistance genes in swine-origin mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli in Guangxi, South China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhi Yuan ◽  
Xiaoye Wang ◽  
Dali Shi ◽  
Qiang Ge ◽  
Xingxing Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South China ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Abstract Background The discovery of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC), a notable superbug, attracted great attention worldwide. Swine-origin multi-drug resistance MCRPEC is a potential threat to public health and safety. To date, few detailed studies regarding swine-origin MCRPEC in Guangxi, South China, have been reported. Results In this study, thirty-three MCRPEC harbored mcr-1 genes were identified from 142 E. coli strains isolated from swine droppings and entrails in Guangxi in 2018. All MCRPEC isolates were assigned to 8 unique STs, including ST10, ST224 and ST410, which overlapped with the human-origin MCRPEC. Additionally, a total of six plasmid replicon types (IncFI, IncHI1, IncY, IncN, IncI1 and IncX1) were found. Moreover, the drug susceptibility of the MCRPEC isolates was tested with 27 antimicrobial agents belonging to 17 antimicrobial categories that are usually used in hospitals. There were 19 extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) E. coli and 12 carbapenem resistant E. coli among the 33 MCRPEC strains. Importantly, the MCRPEC showed a high rate of resistance against two broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotics, imipenem and meropenem, which are forbidden in livestock production use. Three MCRPEC strains were further identified to be extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and other isolates were recognized as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). Meanwhile, to detect whether plasmid-carrying antimicrobial resistance genes coexisted with the mcr-1 gene in the MCRPEC isolates, a total of 22 plasmid-carrying antimicrobial resistance genes were tested for. The results showed that four ESBL genes and one pAmpC gene were identified. Eight of the MCRPEC isolates also contained the carbapenem gene blaNDM-5, which could cause untreatable infections. Moreover, ten non-lactamase genes were also detected. Conclusion This study indicated that swine-origin MCRPEC isolated in Guangxi seemed to have a high rate of resistance to both regular and final line of defense drugs as well as drug resistance genes, which pose a great threat to human public safety and health.

scholarly journals Detection of antibiotic resistance and classical enterotoxin genes in coagulase -negative staphylococci isolated from poultry in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pyzik ◽  
Agnieszka Marek ◽  
Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak ◽  
Renata Urban-Chmiel ◽  
Łukasz S. Jarosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractIntroduction:The study sought to characterise antimicrobial resistance among coagulase-negativeStaphylococcus(CNS) species recovered from broiler chickens and turkeys in Poland including the presence of 12 antimicrobial resistance genes and five classical genes of staphylococcal enterotoxins.Material and Methods:A panel of 11 antimicrobial disks evaluated the phenotypic sensitivity of the tested strains to antibiotics. Five multiplex PCR assays were performed using primer pairs for specific detection of antibiotic resistance genes and staphylococcal enterotoxin A to E genes.Results:Selected antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing revealed 100% of such inin vitroconditions to cefoxitin among strains ofStaphylococcus sciuriandS. chromogenes. TheblaZ (for ß-lactam) andmecA (for methicillin resistance) genes were in 58.3% and 27.5% of strains, respectively. Among genes resistant to tetracyclines,tetK was most frequent. Fewer (CNS) strains showed genes resistant to macrolides, lincosamides, and florfenicol/chloramphenicol. Multiplex PCR for classical enterotoxins (A-E) detected theseegene in twoS. hominisstrains, while thesebgene producing enterotoxin B was found in one strain ofS. epidermidis.Conclusion:CNS strains ofStaphylococcusisolated from poultry were either phenotypically or genotypically multidrug resistant. Testing for the presence of the five classical enterotoxin genes showed that CNS strains, as in the case ofS. aureusstrains, can be a source of food intoxications.

scholarly journals Fitness Cost Evolution of Natural Plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Dorado-Morales ◽  
M. Pilar Garcillán-Barcia ◽  
Iñigo Lasa ◽  
Cristina Solano
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
New Host ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT Plasmids have largely contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes among Staphylococcus strains. Knowledge about the fitness cost that plasmids confer on clinical staphylococcal isolates and the coevolutionary dynamics that drive plasmid maintenance is still scarce. In this study, we aimed to analyze the initial fitness cost of plasmids in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and the plasmid-host adaptations that occur over time. For that, we first designed a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)-based tool that enables the removal of native S. aureus plasmids and then transferred three different plasmids isolated from clinical S. aureus strains to the same-background clinical cured strain. One of the plasmids, pUR2940, obtained from a livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA) ST398 strain, imposed a significant fitness cost on both its native and the new host. Experimental evolution in a nonselective medium resulted in a high rate pUR2940 loss and selected for clones with an alleviated fitness cost in which compensatory adaptation occurred via deletion of a 12.8-kb plasmid fragment, contained between two ISSau10 insertion sequences and harboring several antimicrobial resistance genes. Overall, our results describe the relevance of plasmid-borne insertion sequences in plasmid rearrangement and maintenance and suggest the potential benefits of reducing the use of antibiotics both in animal and clinical settings for the loss of clinical multidrug resistance plasmids. IMPORTANCE Plasmids are major agents in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. How plasmids and their hosts coevolve to reduce the fitness cost associated with plasmid carriage when bacteria grow in an antibiotic-free environment is not well understood. Here, we investigated the cost and the genetic adaptations that occur during evolution in the absence of antibiotics when the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus acquires a new plasmid. Our results show the occurrence, at the end of evolution, of plasmid rearrangements mediated by insertion sequences that lead to the loss of antimicrobial resistance genes from the plasmid and an alleviated fitness cost. Our results thus highlight the probable benefits of reducing the use of antibiotics in management programs for the selection of S. aureus clones carrying plasmids that no longer confer resistance.

scholarly journals Fecal cultivable aerobic microbiota of dairy cows and calves acting as reservoir of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1377-1382
Author(s):  
João Pedro Rueda Furlan ◽  
Lucas David Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Micaela Santana Ramos ◽  
Inara Fernanda Lage Gallo ◽  
Eliana Guedes Stehling
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
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