scholarly journals Technical State Assessment of Charge Exchange System of Self-Ignition Engine, Based On the Exhaust Gas Composition Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (s1) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Rudnicki ◽  
Ryszard Zadrąg
Keyword(s):  
Charge Exchange ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
State Assessment ◽  
Technical State ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract This paper presents possible use of results of exhaust gas composition testing of self - ignition engine for technical state assessment of its charge exchange system under assumption that there is strong correlation between considered structure parameters and output signals in the form of concentration of toxic compounds (ZT) as well as unambiguous character of their changes. Concentration of the analyzed ZT may be hence considered to be symptoms of engine technical state. At given values of the signals and their estimates it is also possible to determine values of residues which may indicate a type of failure. Available tool programs aimed at analysis of experimental data commonly make use of multiple regression model which allows to investigate effects and interaction between model input quantities and one output variable. Application of multi-equation models provides great freedom during analysis of measurement data as it makes it possible to simultaneously analyze effects and interaction of many output variables. It may be also implemented as a tool for preparation of experimental material for other advanced diagnostic tools such as neural networks which, in contrast to multi-equation models, make it possible to recognize a state at multistate classification and - in consequence - to do diagnostic inference. Here , these authors present merits of application of the above mentioned analytical tools on the example of tests conducted on an experimental engine test stand.

A Multidisciplinary Aero-Engine Exhaust Emission Study

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savad A. Shakariyants ◽  
Jos P. van Buijtenen ◽  
Wilfried P. J. Visser ◽  
Alexander Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Aircraft Performance ◽  
Emission Study ◽  
Operating Points ◽  
Engine Power

The paper illustrates an aero-engine exhaust emission study, which involves successive simulation procedures for aircraft flight, engine, combustor operation and exhaust emissions. It reveals a generic approach to analyze the effect of changes in flight conditions, power settings and combustor parameters on exhaust gas composition. Using reference measurement data at given engine operating points, pollutant models can be tuned to predict absolute concentration values at altered conditions. Emission formation processes were analyzed in the study using multi-reactor combustor models. The so-called principal pollutants of NOx, UHC, CO and soot were modeled over a broad range of engine power settings at static sea-level conditions. Modeling results were benchmarked against and tuned to emission certification data for a large commercial turbofan. CFD methods were employed to cross-check solution procedures for the engine combustor at the design operating point. Pollutants were also simulated in cruse conditions. Different flight conditions were considered using cross-linked engine and aircraft performance models.

Detailed Experimental Investigation of the Operational Parameters of a 30 kW Micro Gas Turbine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Kislat ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Thomas Krummrein ◽  
Peter Kutne ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Abstract Numerical studies discussing micro gas turbines (MGTs) as a basis for automotive range extenders can be found in literature. A comprehensive set of experimental measurement data for an MGT of adequate size, however, is currently not available. In this work, a test rig and demonstrator based on a 30 kWel liquid fueled MGT is built up. Its major components’ performance is characterized by measuring temperature and pressure at inlet and outlet, as well as corresponding fuel and air flows and the exhaust gas composition. A compressor bleed air tapping is installed to characterize the turbo components’ off-design behavior. Stationary load points and transient maneuvers are investigated. The presented data provide coherent information on the operational behavior and cycle parameters. This can be used to validate existing numerical investigations. It further provides a foundation to identify the optimization potential of MGT components and will serve as design baseline for subsequent optimization measures to meet the requirements of mobile applications.

scholarly journals Problems of Modelling Toxic Compounds Emitted by a Marine Internal Combustion Engine in Unsteady States

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Rudnicki ◽  
Ryszard Zadrąg
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Sample Application ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract Contemporary engine tests are performed based on the theory of experiment. The available versions of programmes used for analysing experimental data make frequent use of the multiple regression model, which enables examining effects and interactions between input model parameters and a single output variable. The use of multi-equation models provides more freedom in analysing the measured results, as those models enable simultaneous analysis of effects and interactions between many output variables. They can also be used as a tool in preparing experimental material for other advanced diagnostic tools, such as the models making use of neural networks which, when properly prepared, enable also analysing measurement results recorded during dynamic processes. The article presents advantages of the use of the abovementioned analytical tools and a sample application of the neural model developed based on the results of examination carried out on the engine research rig.

A New Calculation Approach to the Energy Balance of a Gas Turbine Including a Study of the Impact of the Uncertainty of Measured Parameters

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmer G. Andersen ◽  
Pen-Chung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Energy Balance Equation ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Intake Flow ◽  
The Impact

Computing the solution to the energy balance around a gas turbine in order to calculate the intake mass flow and the turbine inlet temperature requires several iterations. This makes hand calculations very difficult and, depending on the software used, even causes significant calculation times on PCs. While this may not seem all that important considering the power of today’s personal computers, the approach described in this paper presents a new way of looking at the gas turbine process and the resulting simplifications in the calculations. This paper offers a new approach to compute the energy balance around a gas turbine. The energy balance requires that all energy flows going into and out of the control volume be accounted for. The difficulty of the energy balance equation around a gas turbine lies in the fact that the exhaust gas composition is unknown as long as the intake flow is unknown. Thus, a composition needs to be assumed when computing the exhaust gas enthalpy. This allows the calculation of the intake flow, which in turn provides a new exhaust gas composition, and so forth. By viewing the exhaust gas as a flow consisting of ambient air and combusted fuel, the described iteration can be avoided. The study presents the formulation of the energy balance applying this approach and looks at the accuracy of the result as a function of the inaccuracy of the input parameters. Furthermore, solutions of the energy balance are presented for various process scenarios, and the impact of the uncertainty of key process parameter is analyzed.

scholarly journals The influence of cetane-detergent additives into diesel fuel increased to 10% (V/V) of RME content on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a diesel engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Winicjusz STANIK ◽  
Jerzy CISEK
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

To avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the diesel fuel (to 10%), three different additive packages were used: stabilising, cleaning, and increasing the cetane number with different concentrations. The tests were carried out using a 4-cylinder, turbocharged 1.9 TDI engine from VW. The tests were carried out for 4 fuels (comparative fuel with a content of 7% RME and 3 test fuels with a content of 10% RME, differing in the content of the additive package.It was found that each of the 3 additive packages used does not have a significant impact on fuel consumption. However, a different effect of the tested additives on the composition of exhaust gases was observed. The first package had a slight effect on reducing the NOx concentration in the exhaust, but only for small engine loads. On the other hand, the second additive pack worked more effectively only at higher engine loads (in relation to the reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases). In the third packet, the amount of the cetane additive was doubled (compared to the second packet). Then, the reduction in the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 3–8% was obtained with reference to the comparative fuel.

On the Computation of Emissions From Exhaust Gas Composition Measurements

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Myers ◽  
M. Myers ◽  
P. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Calculation Technique

This paper presents a calculation technique and related computer program to yield mass emission rates from measured exhaust gas composition and fuel flow rate or fuel plus air flow rate (if air flow rate is measured). The sensitivity of the computed emission rates to (1) the method of calculation and (2) experimental measurement errors is investigated. It is recommended that published emission rates be the average of the rates computed by several different methods, as discussed in this paper, to minimize the effect of experimental variations in measurement. This, plus use of the computer program presented, would standardize the assumptions used in computing emissions and minimize differences in reported emission rates from different laboratories.

Design of a Flow Reactor for Testing Multi-Brick Catalyst Systems Using Rapid Exhaust Gas Composition Switches

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Klinkert ◽  
John W. Hoard ◽  
Sakthish R. Sathasivam ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis ◽  
Stanislav V. Bohac
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment ◽  
Scr Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Systems

In recent years, diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment has become a core combustion engine research subject because of both increasingly stringent emission regulations and incentives toward more fuel-efficient propulsion systems. Lean NOX traps (LNT) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts represent two viable pathways for the challenging part of exhaust gas aftertreatment of lean burn engines: NOX abatement. It has been found that the combination of LNT and SCR catalysts can yield synergistic effects. Switches in the operation mode of the engine, temporarily enriching the mixture, are required to regenerate the LNT catalyst and produce ammonia for the SCR. This paper describes the design of a catalyst flow reactor that allows studying multi-brick catalyst systems using rapid exhaust gas composition switches and its initial validation. The flow reactor was designed primarily to study the potential of combining different aftertreatment components. It can accommodate two sample bricks at a time in two tube furnaces, which allows for independent temperature control. Moreover, the flow reactor allows for very flexible control of the composition and flow rate of the synthetic exhaust, which is blended using mass flow controllers. By using a two-branch design, very fast switches between two exhaust gas streams, as seen during the regeneration process of a LNT catalyst, are possible. The flow reactor utilizes a variety of gas analyzers, including a 5-Hz FTIR spectrometer, an emissions bench for oxygen and THC, a hydrogen mass spectrometer, and gas chromatographs for HC speciation. An in-house control program allows for data recording, flow reactor control, and highly flexible automation. Additionally, the hardware and software incorporate features to ensure safe testing. The design also has provisions for engine exhaust sampling.

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