scholarly journals Offering and hospitality in Arabic and English

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Grainger ◽  
Zainab Kerkam ◽  
Fathia Mansor ◽  
Sara Mills
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
Arabic And English

AbstractThis paper examines the conventional linguistic practices involved in everyday hospitality situations. We compare offers in Arabic and English and, rather than focusing on the differences between the ways interactants in these two cultures make offers, we challenge the notion that offering is in essence differently handled in the two languages. We argue instead that we should focus just as much on the similarities between the ways offers are made, since no two cultural/linguistic groups are diametrically opposed. Furthermore, no cultural or linguistic group can be argued to be homogeneous. Through a detailed analysis of four naturally occurring hospitality encounters, we explore the nature and sequencing of offering and receiving hospitality in each cultural community and discuss the extent to which offers and refusals are conventionalized in each language. In this way we hope to develop a more contextual discursive approach to cross-cultural politeness research. Drawing on Spencer-Oatey’s notion of sociality face, we examine the conventions for being hospitable in order to appear sincere. A qualitative analysis of the data reveals that, while there are similarities in offering behaviour in both English and Arabic, in Arabic, the interactional moves of insisting and refusing are slightly more conventionalized. This however does not constitute a radical difference between the offering norms of these two cultural groups.

Stereotypes of Deceptive Behaviors: a Cross-cultural Study Between China and Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Chieh-Yu Yeh ◽  
Liu Xi ◽  
Zhang Jianxin
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Deceptive Behaviors

We replicated and confirmed the results of the deception beliefs research conducted by The Global Deception Research Team (GDRT; 2006). We compared the deception stereotype and the perceiver cues of deception detection of people in the Chinese and Japanese cultures. Our results show that stereotypes of deceptive behaviors exist in both cultures with cross-cultural consistency. However, we also found that the deception stereotype was significantly different in these two cultures and was also different according to gender. Our findings support and validate the GDRT's findings with a deeper and more detailed analysis.

scholarly journals Shame in Two Cultures: Implications for Evolutionary Approaches

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fessler
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Culture Study ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Collectivistic Culture ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractCross-cultural comparisons can a) illuminate the manner in which cultures differentially highlight, ignore, and group various facets of emotional experience, and b) shed light on our evolved species-typical emotional architecture. In many societies, concern with shame is one of the principal factors regulating social behavior. Three studies conducted in Bengkulu (Indonesia) and California explored the nature and experience of shame in two disparate cultures. Study 1, perceived term use frequency, indicated that shame is more prominent in Bengkulu, a collectivistic culture, than in California, an individualistic culture. Study 2, comparing naturally occurring shame events (Bengkulu) with reports thereof (California), revealed that shame is associated with guilt-like accounts in California but not in Bengkulu, and subordinance events in Bengkulu but not in California; published reports suggest that the latter pattern is prominent worldwide. Study 3 mapped the semantic domain of shame using a synonym task; again, guilt was prominent in California, subordinance in Bengkulu. Because shame is overshadowed by guilt in individualistic cultures, and because these cultures downplay aversive emotions associated with subordinance, a fuller understanding of shame is best arrived at through the study of collectivistic cultures such as Bengkulu. After reviewing evolutionary theories on the origins and functions of shame, I evaluate these perspectives in light of facets of this emotion evident in Bengkulu and elsewhere. The available data are consistent with the proposition that shame evolved from a rank-related emotion and, while motivating prestige competition, cooperation, and conformity, nevertheless continues to play this role in contemporary humans.

Referring to past actions in caregiver–child interaction in Japanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Past Experiences

In naturally occurring everyday caregiver–child interaction, a major part of what is hearable as storytelling or an incipient form of it is talk about participants’ (mostly children’s) past experiences. Adopting a conversation-analytic approach, this study attempts to show how explicit references to children’s past actions formulated in the form of [(X) did (Y)], where X is the young child interacting with the caregiver, can engender opportunities for participants to develop telling activities. Through the detailed analysis of talk and embodied features of telling sequences in each case, the analysis will reveal how the [(X) did (Y)]-format utterance is utilized for co-constructing the telling, and what social and interactional consequences are accomplished through the telling occasioned by such reference.

The end of theological education – is wisdom the principal thing?

Holiness ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-55
Author(s):  
Jane Leach
Keyword(s):  
Practical Theology ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
The Future

AbstractThis article invites reflection on the theological purposes of the education of church leaders. It is conceived as a piece of practical theology that arises from the challenge to the Wesley House Trustees in Cambridge to reconceive and re-articulate their vision for theological education in a time of turbulence and change. I reflect on Wesley House’s inheritance as a community of formation (paideia) and rigorous scholarship (Wissenschaft); and on the opportunities offered for the future of theological education in this context by a serious engagement with both the practices and concepts of phronēsis and poiēsis and a dialogical understanding of biblical wisdom, as Wesley House seeks to offer itself as a cross-cultural community of prayer and study to an international Methodist constituency.

Building Cultural Bridges Between China and India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097133362199045
Author(s):  
Dharm P. S. Bhawuk
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
China And India ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Social Behaviours

Employing one of the established theories from cross-cultural psychology and sociology, first it is shown that both China and India are collectivist cultures. Then the Chinese and Indian worldviews are compared to highlight fundamental similarities between the two cultures. Finally, it is shown how self-cultivation is emphasised in both China and India. Effort is made to show how ideas presented by Confucius and Lao Tsu are captured in the Indian culture and social behaviours. A number of issues are raised for the development of indigenous knowledge from multiple perspectives using various paradigms and methodology. It is hoped that the special issue and this article will stimulate researchers to bridge Chinese and Indian psychologies which may pave the path towards peaceful prosperity.

scholarly journals Differences in Hedonic Responses, Facial Expressions and Self-Reported Emotions of Consumers Using Commercial Yogurts: A Cross-Cultural Study

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Mitali Gupta ◽  
Damir D. Torrico ◽  
Graham Hepworth ◽  
Sally L. Gras ◽  
Lydia Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Hedonic scale testing is a well-accepted methodology for assessing consumer perceptions but is compromised by variation in voluntary responses between cultures. Check-all-that-apply (CATA) methods using emotion terms or emojis and facial expression recognition (FER) are emerging as more powerful tools for consumer sensory testing as they may offer improved assessment of voluntary and involuntary responses, respectively. Therefore, this experiment compared traditional hedonic scale responses for overall liking to (1) CATA emotions, (2) CATA emojis and (3) FER. The experiment measured voluntary and involuntary responses from 62 participants of Asian (53%) versus Western (47%) origin, who consumed six divergent yogurt formulations (Greek, drinkable, soy, coconut, berry, cookies). The hedonic scales could discriminate between yogurt formulations but could not distinguish between responses across the cultural groups. Aversive responses to formulations were the easiest to characterize for all methods; the hedonic scale was the only method that could not characterize differences in cultural preferences, with CATA emojis displaying the highest level of discrimination. In conclusion, CATA methods, particularly the use of emojis, showed improved characterization of cross-cultural preferences of yogurt formulations compared to hedonic scales and FER.

Adolescents’ Attribution and Outcome Expectancies Regarding Relational Aggression: A Cross-Cultural Comparison and Cultural Value Associations

2020 ◽  
pp. 027243162097767
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Michelle F. Wright ◽  
Danae Rollet
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison

This study compares 477 Chinese and 342 American adolescents’ responses to open-ended questions regarding attribution and outcome expectancies of relational aggression, and investigates how cultural values were related to these social cognitive processes. Results revealed cross-cultural similarities and differences. In particular, American adolescents attributed romantic relationship competition, which was absent in Chinese adolescents’ responses. Furthermore, American adolescents demonstrated a stronger instrumental orientation in their social cognition (e.g., gain status), whereas Chinese adolescents tended to hold the blaming the victim attribution, and the socially harm the victim outcome expectancy. Finally, this study revealed that in both cultural groups, higher collectivism was linked to the blaming the aggressor attribution, as well as escalated peer conflict and aggression as outcome expectancies, whereas individualism was linked to the blaming the victim attribution. Findings of this study enriched our knowledge about the cultural construal of adolescents’ attribution and outcome expectancy regarding relational aggression.

scholarly journals Mask Up: Exploring Cross-Cultural Influences on Mask-Making Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 0887302X2110127
Author(s):  
Kim H. Y. Hahn ◽  
Gargi Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, people from around the world made numerous homemade masks for themselves and their community due to shortage of medical masks as well as to stop the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the current study was to conduct cross cultural exploration of the reasons for making masks, self-construal and wellbeing associated with masks making by collecting data from residents across US, India, and China. The finding of this study presented different reasons for making masks as well as self-construal, and wellbeing in people who made masks versus those who did not. Differences were also observed among three different cultural groups. This study offers a unique contribution to the public health research engaging in craft making related activities to gain a better perspective of the state of health of a population and the understanding of cross-cultural study of craft making behavior during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Cultural factors that affected the spatial and temporal epidemiology of kuru

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 160789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Whitfield ◽  
W. H. Pako ◽  
J. Collinge ◽  
M. P. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Epidemiological Changes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
Initial Pattern

Kuru is a prion disease which became epidemic among the Fore and surrounding linguistic groups in Papua New Guinea, peaking in the late 1950s. It was transmitted during the transumption (endocannibalism) of dead family members at mortuary feasts. In this study, we aimed to explain the historical spread and the changing epidemiological patterns of kuru by analysing factors that affected its transmission. We also examined what cultural group principally determined a family's behaviour during mortuary rituals. Our investigations showed that differences in mortuary practices were responsible for the initial pattern of the spread of kuru and the ultimate shape of the epidemic, and for subsequent spatio-temporal differences in the epidemiology of kuru. Before transumption stopped altogether, the South Fore continued to eat the bodies of those who had died of kuru, whereas other linguistic groups, sooner or later, stopped doing so. The linguistic group was the primary cultural group that determined behaviour but at linguistic boundaries the neighbouring group's cultural practices were often adopted. The epidemiological changes were not explained by genetic differences, but genetic studies led to an understanding of genetic susceptibility to kuru and the selection pressure imposed by kuru, and provided new insights into human history and evolution.

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