Medical Liability in the Light of New Hungarian Civil Code

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Tímea Barzó
Keyword(s):  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Medical Liability ◽  
Judicial Decisions

AbstractThe number of medical malpractice lawsuits filed each year in Hungary has considerably increased since the change of regime. The judicial decisions and practices on determining and awarding wrongful damages recoverable for medical malpractices in the Hungarian civil law have been developing for decades.

scholarly journals PERBUATAN MELAWAN HUKUM DALAM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DOKTER TERHADAP TINDAKAN MALPRAKTIK MEDIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Apsari Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
National Legislation

Medical malpractice remains a problem in health that has not been clearly regulated in a national legislation. But the elements are already contained in Act No. 36 of 2009 on Health which includes criminal law enforcement, administration and civil law. In the perspective of civil law a medical malpractice is an unlawful act conduct that complies with the provisions of The Civil Code. This research based on normative juridical method within primary dan secondary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that the lawsuit of unlawful act (onrechtamtige daad) in medical malpractice is regulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code with elements :  1) the patient must experience a tort; 2) there are errors or missions (in addition to individuals, hospitals may have duty for errors or missions); 3) there are causal between tort and error; 4) The act is unlawful. In addition, the responsibility of the unlawful act against the medical malpractice ased on Article 1365 of the Civil Code is can be material and immaterial compensation that have a related between errors and torts.

Topical issues of medical malpractices

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (38) ◽  
pp. 1510-1516
Author(s):  
Tamás Heiner ◽  
Tímea Barzó
Keyword(s):  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Contractual Relationship

The number of medical malpractice lawsuits filed each year in Hungary has considerably increased since 1990. The judicial decisions and practices on determining and awarding wrongful damages recoverable for medical malpractices in the Hungarian civil law have been developing for decades. In the meantime, a new Hungarian Civil Code (Act V of 2013) has entered into force, which among others, necessitates the revaluation of assessment of damages recoverable for medical malpractices. There are two main areas where fundamental changes have been introduced, which may significantly affect the outcome of medical malpractice lawsuits in the future. In the early stage of medical malpractices it was unclear whether the courts had to consider either the contractual relationship between patients and healthcare providers (contractual liability) or general codal articles on damages arising from non-contractual liability/torts (delictual liability) in their judgement delivered in the cases. Both the theoretical and practical experience of the last ten years shows that healthcare services agreements are concluded between healthcare providers and patients with the aim and intention to provide appropriate professional healthcare services to patients, which meet patients’ interests and wishes. The medical service is violated if it fails to meet patients’ interests and wishes as well as the objectives of the agreement. Since the new legislation implies a stricter liability for damages in the case of breach of contract and stricter rules for exempting the party in breach from compensation obligations, the opportunities to exempt healthcare providers from these obligations have become limited compared to previous regulations. This modification, which was aimed at further integrating the established judicial practices into legislation, stipulates the application of the rules for liability for damages resulting from medical malpractice in non-contractual situations. This paper analyses dogmatic and practical problems related to this topic. Another important area of current analysis is the institution of injury fees, which replaced the reimbursement of non-pecuniary damages. The mere fact of infringement allows setting injury fees. Taking into consideration the current resources in staff and equipment available in healthcare, this regulation may promote claims for injury fees impartial. Consequently, courts will have to apply other criteria when judgment in ‘trivial cases’, which might not require legal assessment, is delivered. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(38), 1510–1516.

Kajian Yuridis Pengesampingan Pasal 1266 dan Pasal 1267 Kitab Undang -Undang Hukum Perdata sebagai Syarat Batal dalam Perjanjian Kredit Perbankan

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-89
Author(s):  
Rocky Marciano Ambar ◽  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Hanif Nur Widhiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Credit Agreement ◽  
The Right

Banks in credit agreements use more standard agreements, standard contracts in 2 (two) things, (1) There is an unbalanced position between banks and debtors, banks that have a more dominant position and debtors. (2) There is an understanding of the principle of freedom of contracting and without limits. The Bank has the freedom to seek the form and content of the agreement. Code of Ethics in agreement. The provisions of the Civil Code provide types of compensation for parties. Based on the background, then for problems the problem is written (1). Does the inclusion of Article 1266 and Article 1267 of the Civil Code on the banking system have collected the principles of balance and justice. (2) What are the legal implications of the exclusion clause. The research method is normative juridical research. The result of this research is the neglect of civil law and the principle of compensation is the principle of balance. The basic principle according to Rawls is that it is unfair or more people. in the sense of "freedom of results", in other words. is the nature of the debtor in a bank credit agreement. For the legal implications of the clause that excludes Article 1266 and Article 1267 of the Civil Code concerning the right of the debtor to the debtor. Legal efforts in finding and resolving problems that cannot be made by a decision due to the imbalance of the parties in the agreement. For people who make changes, no party will be harmed.

SUBORDINATION AGREEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF PRIVATE LAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-107
Author(s):  
M.D. TYAZHBIN
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is dedicated to the category of subordination agreements. Based on the concept of conflict of rights in personam, the author makes an attempt to integrate this category into the system of private law, to determine the legal nature of subordination, and from these positions to assess the effectiveness of Art. 309.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, implemented in the course of the civil law reform.

Fungsi Hukum Nota Kesepahaman Sebagai Perikatan Perjanjian Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUH Perdata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Mochamad Moro Asih ◽  
Tunjung Fitra Wijanarko
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Moral Sanction ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Legal Force

The position of the Memorandum of Understanding on Indonesian Civil Law, as a written form of understanding between the parties, is not a law based agreement. In consequences, no sanctions applied for those parties whose denying (the agreement(s), but on moral sanction. However, a Memorandum of Understanding that does not have a compelling legal force can have it sanctions for any parties involved. The strength to binding (parties) of the Memorandum of Understanding according to agreement law in Indonesia is found on Indonesian Civil Code, equate a Memorandum of Understanding with an “agreement”. Article 1338 of Indonesian Civil Code states that every agreement made, legally binding as a law for the parties who made such agreement (Pacta Sunt Servanda), but if the legal elements of the agreement in Article 1320 Indonesia Civil Law are not fulfilled, then the Memorandum of Understanding is anulled and void by law, and has no legal force. Keywords: Memorandum of Understanding, agreement, sanction, Code of Civil Law

scholarly journals Juridical Review Of Nominee Agreement In Land Of Tenure Property Rights Under The Book Of Civil Law And Agraria

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Indah Esti Cahyani ◽  
Aryani Witasari
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Related Statement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Consequences

Nominee agreement is an agreement made between someone who by law can not be the subject of rights to certain lands (property rights), in this case that foreigners (WNA) and Indonesian Citizen (citizen), with the intention that the foreigners can master land de facto property rights, but legal-formal (de jure) land property rights are assigned to his Indonesian citizen. The purpose of this paper isto assess the position of the nominee agreement in Indonesia's legal system and the legal consequences arising in terms of the draft Civil Code and the Law on Agrarian. Agreement is an agreement unnamed nominee made based on the principle of freedom of contract and good faith of the parties. However, it should be noted that the law prohibits foreigners make agreements / related statement stock wealth / property (land) for and on behalf of others, sehingga the legal consequences of the agreement is the nominee of the agreement is not legally enforceable because the agreement was made on a false causa.Keywords: Nominee Agreement; Property Rights; Foreigners.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CIVIL CODE ON ECONOMIC LAW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUN-LING YU
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Socialist Market Economy ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socialist Market

The promulgation of the "Civil Code" provides a path for the codification of other important legal departments closely related to the socialist market economy and the improvement of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. However, due to the fact that the development of economic law in our country is relatively short and the economic development is changing rapidly, the current economic code is facing numerous obstacles. This article analyzes the relationship between civil law and economic law, drawing on the innovation of the content of the Civil Code, and puts forward new requirements for the development of the content, concept and system of economic law, and promotes the development of economic law.

scholarly journals Hubungan Hukum Dokter dan Pasien Serta Tanggung Jawab Dokter Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kesehatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
Yussy A. Mannas
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Medical Disputes ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legal Consequences

Abstract:The emergence rights and obligations as a result of legal relationship between doctors and patients could potentially trigger a dispute between doctors and patients or medical disputes. In an effort to avoid or reduce medical disputes, it is necessary to understand the construction of the legal relationship between doctor and patient. From this legal relationship which will result legal actions and gave rise to legal consequences. In a legal effect, it can’t be separated is about who is responsible, as far as what responsibility can be given. It describes that relationship and the patient's physician if constructed, it can be divided based on two factors; transaction of therapeutic and act. In relation patient - physician based therapeutic, known as therapeutic relationship or transaction therapeutic, there is a binding between patients and physicians in the treatment of the disease or treatment. Engagements happens is inspanningsverbintennis and not resultaatsverbintennis, and must comply with the provisions of Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The relationship between doctor and patient is based on the Act - legislation occurred under Article 1354 of the Civil Code, which formulates zaakwaarneming. Legal relationship that occurs by two things above give rise to legal liability for doctors, the responsibility in the field of disciplinary law, criminal law, civil law and administrative law.Keywords: Doctor, Patient and Legal Relationship.Abstrak:Munculnya hak dan kewajiban sebagai akibat hubungan hukum antara dokter dan pasien berpotensi memicu terjadinya sengketa antara dokter dengan pasien atau sengketa medik. Dalam upaya menghindari atau mengurangi sengketa medik yang terjadi, maka perlu dipahami mengenai konstruksi hubungan hukum antara dokter dengan pasien. Dari hubungan hukum inilah yang akan melahirkan perbuatan hukum dan menimbulkan adanya akibat hukum. Dalam suatu akibat hukum, hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan adalah mengenai siapa yang bertanggung jawab, sejauh apa tanggung jawab dapat diberikan. Dalam tulisan ini diuraikan bahwa hubungan dokter dan pasien ini jika dikonstruksikan maka dapat dibagi berdasarkan dua hal, yaitu transaksi terapeutik dan undang-undang. Pada hubungan pasien- dokter berdasarkan terapeutik, dikenal hubungan terapeutik atau transaksi terapeutik, yaitu terjadi suatu ikatan antara pasien dan dokter dalam hal pengobatan atau perawatan penyakitnya. Perikatan yang terjadi ialah inspanningsverbintennis dan bukan resultaatsverbintennis, dan harus memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Hubungan dokter dan pasien berdasarkan undang–undang terjadi berdasarkan Pasal 1354 KUHPerdata yang merumuskan tentang zaakwaarneming. Hubungan hukum yang terjadi oleh dua hal diatas menimbulkan tanggung jawab hukum bagi dokter, yaitu tanggung jawab dalam bidang hukum, hukum pidana, hukum perdata dan hukum administrasi.Kata Kunci: Dokter, Pasien dan Hubungan Hukum. 

scholarly journals MODERN LEGISLATION REGULATING STATUS OF LEGAL ENTITY

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (390) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
K. S. Zhylkichieva ◽  
A. A. Kalybaeva ◽  
G. Zh. Koshokova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law ◽  
General Regulation ◽  
Legal Entities

The article analyzes using the normative and systematic methods, as well as analysis and synthesis, the content of the statements of Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, Civil Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic «About Normative Legal Acts of the Kyrgyz Republic», the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic «On the Regulations of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic» and the works of the legal scholars. It examined the provisions of laws adopted for general regulation and concludes they are serious problems, because of them there is a "blurring" of the contour of the legislation on legal entities in the article. The publication supports the opinion of the authors of the Concept for Development, according to which the regulation of the status of legal entities in the civil legal field can be characterized by a set of the laws and regula-tions in force in the Kyrgyz Republic, which do not always correspond to each other, as well as to the Civil Code. The low legal and technical level and ineffectiveness in practice are also shown by some adopted laws. It noted the Civil Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, adopted on May 8, 1996, created the new foundation for the regulation of legal entities, which was supplemented by many new laws over the next decades in the article. The authors come to the conclusion the fairly honest assessment can be applied to the established regulation – that with the main vector of development of the Concept of Civil Legislation in Kyrgyzstan, in general, there is an economic, social and well-grounded the logic and generally justifiable modern civil law in relation to legal entities. But at the same time, for many problems, correct solutions have not yet been found and no efficiency ratings have been given.

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