Study of solid waste (municipal and medical) management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolmajid Fadaei
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Decision

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global emergency crisis and created waste management challenges worldwide. Such a critical point has changed solid waste (municipal and medical) management prospects and posed fact challenges to the health decision-makers and policy-makers to make decisions to ensure sustainable management of the environment. One of the most negative prospects of COVID-19 pandemic is the increased waste generation, especially plastic waste in developing and developed countries. This study systematically reviews the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical and municipal waste, and discusses the corresponding measures and policies of solid waste management in several countries. The results show that the highest and lowest quality of final disposal is observed in Finland with 75% recycling and in India with 90% open dumping, respectively. In many countries, the medical waste showed an increase by 350–500%.The pandemic has brought particular problems to the disposal capacity of municipal waste and medical waste across the world. We think that this point of view study provides valuable data for scientists, policy makers, health decision-makers, consultants, medical staff, medical supplies, those working in public health sector, and field engineers responsible for solid waste management.

Succeeding in involving decision-makers in solid waste management planning by setting appropriate goals and providing a structured planning method

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Ragossnig ◽  
Simonetta Tunesi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Structured Planning ◽  
Management Issues

Even though the relevance of solid waste management goals for our societies becomes more and more acknowledged around the globe, one of the major challenges is to get the level of attention needed from those who are responsible for making the decisions. Waste management is one issue among others of the issues policy-makers do have to take care of, but many times other issues seem to have a higher priority. This prioritization often is also based on the aim of achieving short term effects and does not take into account infrastructural synergies that may be realized when tackling waste management issues as well as middle and long-term effects of addressing or neglecting waste management challenges, even though when basic waste management needs are addressed there are interfaces between the waste sector and the producing sectors that need to be handled in a reasonable way in order to allow for securing that pollutants and harmful substances are being concentrated in the waste management sphere and a portion of secondary materials as high as possible is being recycled. This paper shows examples of the challenges addressed and proposes how these could be handled in the future for the sake of the implementation of a circular economy.

scholarly journals Economics of Solid Waste Management: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muniyandi Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
City Management ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Many

Solid Waste Management is one of the importance environmental issues at many developing countries. There is a lack of studies on economic analysis of solid waste management in the many cities at the national and international level. Most of the Municipal Corporation or city management is the major responsibility for better waste management. However, the local governments has been allocated budget for solid waste management without analysing cost and benefit of solid waste. Although, waste management budget is focusing on collected waste but, uncollected waste has been creating a number of socio, economic and health issues. Therefore, this chapter has presents a details review on economics of solid waste management at the various developing and developed countries. The main policy implication of the paper is to emphasis on better understanding of economic importance of solid waste management to the local policy makers.

scholarly journals Situation, Challenges, and Solutions of Policy Implementation on Municipal Waste Management in Vietnam toward Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3517
Author(s):  
Lien Thi Kim Trinh ◽  
Allen H. Hu ◽  
Song Toan Pham Phu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Waste Management Policy

Municipal solid waste management is an environmental issue that has received considerable attention from researchers and environmental managers for decades. Supporting the management programs entail policies and regulations related to municipal solid waste. In developed countries, the implementation of environmental policies plays an important role and has a substantial impact on the effectiveness of solid waste management. However, in many developing countries such as Vietnam, the situation and effectiveness of the policy implementation have not been studied extensively. This investigation is conducted to ascertain the situation, limitations, and challenges in implementing solid waste management policy in Vietnam. Then, solutions for the problems and improvements for implementation efficiency are presented. This work used online questionnaires to survey environmental managers in different localities and applied qualitative research method to analyze data. The results show that not all national policies on solid waste management are implemented in all localities. Waste separation is also the foremost concern in municipal waste management in most localities of Vietnam. Most of the localities claimed that the unrealistic nature and difficult implementation of the policies and the lack of needed resources are the main limitations and challenges in Vietnam. Survey results also revealed that different localities in Vietnam have different solutions to increase policy implementation efficiency. Besides, the study also found similarities in the implementation of policies in solid waste management between Vietnam and some other countries and also gathered some valuable lessons for the improvement strategy. Finally, the implementation of an effective domestic solid waste management policy is an important platform for improving environmental quality and ensuring the sustainable development of the nation and mankind.

scholarly journals Analysis of Multi-Criteria Evaluation Method of Landfill Site Selection for Municipal Solid Waste Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habiba Ibrahim Mohammed ◽  
Zulkepli Majid ◽  
Norhakim Bin Yusof ◽  
Yamusa Bello Yamusa
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Landfill Site Selection ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Selection For

Landfilling remains the most common systematic technique of solid waste disposal in most of the developed and developing countries. Finding a suitable site for landfill is a very challenging task. Landfill site selection process aims to provide suitable areas that will protect the environment and public health from pollution and hazards. Therefore, various factors such as environmental, physical, socio-economic, and geological criteria must be considered before siting any landfill. This makes the site selection process vigorous and tedious because it involves the processing of large amount of spatial data, rules and regulations from different agencies and also policy from decision makers. This allows the incorporation of conflicting objectives and decision maker preferences into spatial decision models. This paper particularly analyzes the multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method of landfill site selection for solid waste management by means of literature reviews and surveys. The study will help the decision makers and waste management authorities to choose the most effective method when considering landfill site selection.

scholarly journals SMK BAHANG STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING RECYCLING PROGRAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (33) ◽  
pp. 162-182
Author(s):  
Oi Min Chong ◽  
Mohammad Tahir Mapa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Design Review ◽  
New Approach

The issue of solid waste management through recycling programs in our country has long been debated. However, the issue is still not taken the proper attention. recycling rate is still low at only 11 per cent compared to developed countries has reached 70 percent. The situation is alarming because its impact on health and sanitation as well as an area of the landfill is increasingly limited. Therefore, one of the steps that can be taken to solve the problem is through the implementation of various recycling programs in schools. This study was conducted to identify the perception and involvement of various recycling programs. Recycling is an effort to collect, process and reuse of materials use. This study uses a design review by applying the quantitative approach. Data were analyzed using SPSS by using the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics with the percentage obtained for use in the analysis of the study. The sample involves four students who were randomly selected in a secondary school in order to get feedback on the implementation of a recycling program. The results showed that students know the various recycling programs and they are well aware of the importance of recycling for analyzing the theories, but this practice is quite difficult. The overall analysis shows that perception and involvement of the recycling program is low. Therefore, all parties should school their energy and effort to make students aware of the importance of the implementation of recycling programs in order to solve the garbage problem in the school which in turn foster the practice of recycling among students. It is expected that the school can design a comprehensive new approach to attract the attention and interest of students to the various recycling programs, as well as to educate students to love the environment and maintain the cleanliness of the school grounds.

scholarly journals Characterisation, Recovery and Recycling Potential of Solid Waste in a University of a Developing Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5111
Author(s):  
Oluwatobi Owojori ◽  
Joshua N. Edokpayi ◽  
Ratshalingwa Mulaudzi ◽  
John O. Odiyo
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Waste Diversion ◽  
The University

The present decade of Sustainable Development Goals has influenced higher educational institutions to assess and harness their great potential for waste diversion, recovery, and recycling. Institutional solid waste management in South Africa as a developing economy is yet to receive the required attention compared to developed countries. The measurement of the characteristics, and composition of solid waste is a fundamental pre-requisite towards creating a sustainable and viable process of solid waste management systems across institutions as this provides adequate and reliable information on the waste generated. This study aimed to determine the variations of waste components in the University of Venda (UNIVEN) by characterisation of the waste generated. Solid waste samples were collected from key activity areas and characterised using the ASTM D5321-92 method for unprocessed municipal solid waste. The recyclable, compostable, and non-recoverable components of the waste generated were found to be 61.7%, 34.4%, and 3.9%, respectively. The results of the waste audit revealed a strong potential for recycling in the institution (61.7%). This would decrease the amount of waste sent to landfills and enable the monetisation of the recyclable waste recovered from the waste stream, in this manner prompting a circular economy and a sustainable campus thereby lowering the waste footprint of higher education institutions.

Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Md. Ashikuzzaman ◽  
Md. Hasan Howlader
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Waste Management Practices

Solid waste management is a grave concern for Bangladesh as by 2025 waste generation per capita will be 0.75 kg/capita/day and total amount of waste will reach 21.07 million tons per year. This chapter attempts to uncover the facts regarding waste management along with the policies and regulations existing in Bangladesh by reviewing published secondary documents. The chapter also contains emerging issues of agricultural, industrial, hazardous, construction, and electronic generation and 3R practices in Bangladesh. Legal instruments for waste management in Bangladesh are also examined. It has been found that enforcing authorities lack the capacity to implement their strategies regarding 3R practices for waste management. Case studies about community-based approach, waste recycling sector, and medical waste management have been exemplified in this chapter. Finally, the authors apprised the issues and challenges of sustainable solid waste management practices and proposed the way forward for Bangladesh to have sustainable solid waste management.

scholarly journals Solid Waste Management on a Campus in a Developing Country: A Study of the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Recycling ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhat Parvez ◽  
Avlokita Agrawal ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Waste Diversion ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
The Developed Countries

The rates of waste generation in India have been increasing with increasing population and urbanization. Since higher education campuses are like mini autonomous cities, they can act as a model for solid waste management (SWM) and enhance sustainable development. SWM is the controlled generation, storage, collection, transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste considering public health, conservation, economics, and environmental conditions. A SWM program on campus will benefit the campus through reduced resource consumption and waste diversion. Developing countries like India are lacking behind in SWM from the developed countries which are using advanced technologies along with efficient management. This paper will analyze the issues related to SWM at IITR (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee) campus and provide feasible solutions to be implemented at IITR campus for becoming zero waste campus. The SWM at the IITR campus is disorganized and incompetent. Lack of awareness and improper collection, imprecise segregation, exposed transportation, inefficient processing and disorganized disposal of solid waste are the major reasons for it. IITR has the potential to manage its waste properly through various techniques discussed in this paper. These would reduce the amount of waste diverted to landfills and the problems arising on campus due to solid waste, thus leading to a zero waste campus. Other campuses like IITR with similar context and issues can learn from this case study and work towards a zero-waste campus. This paper identifies a need to implement a robust SWM at the IITR campus in India.

Decades of public-private partnership in solid waste management

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Yeboah-Assiamah ◽  
Kwame Asamoah ◽  
Thomas Agyekum Kyeremeh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cascading Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine empirical studies on public-private partnerships (PPPs) and solid waste management (SWM) in Ghana and India to synthesize the “crucial lessons” for urban managers and policy makers in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of empirical studies was carried out, the search process comprised four categories of keywords combined differently across three main search engines in order to obtain a pool of more relevant literature on the study. Sorting for relevance was done at various levels; retrospective content analysis of relevant empirical studies on PPP and SWM in Ghana and India was subsequently carried out to draw lessons and policy suggestions. Findings PPPs have mainly been impressive in coverage of waste collection in the Ghanaian context, whilst in India, emphasis has been on injection of technology and effectiveness into SWM. It is also observed that in both cases the PPP processes have lacked adequate openness, transparency and sufficient stakeholder engagement. In the Ghana cases, mostly, urban authorities hardly pay attention to details in the partnership deed and also ignore monitoring of private partners. Poorly performed PPPs do occur when one of the partners relent on his role which could have a cascading effect on other actors. Practical implications Whilst PPP is a strong candidate to address the SWM challenges of urban centers in developing countries, this does not necessarily come about by joining the bandwagon. Merely entering into a partnership deed with private waste management companies without paying due attention to details of the contract will usher urban managers into a state of schizophrenia. The paper presents five key lessons to inform policy and practice. Originality/value The paper draws lessons from multiple cases of PPPs in Ghana and India by synchronizing lessons adaptable to city authorities and policy makers in developing countries.

scholarly journals Environmental assessment of the state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
A. V. Balabak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
The City

The study of municipal solid waste management was carried out on the example of the city of Uman, the features of the municipal waste collection were considered. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component is proposed — anaerobic fermentation with subsequent composting of the resulting products. Urban population growth, industrialization, urbanization and economic prosperity lead to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW). The aim of the work was to consider the characteristics of municipal solid waste management using the example of the city of Uman; inspect the features of collecting municipal waste; consider a separate collection system; identify problems and possible solutions. According to the statistics of Uman city council, 73-75 tons of municipal waste per day are delivered to the landfill. The control is carried out on the composition of the waste entering the landfill. Sorting takes place using a sorting line, which was put into operation in October 2016. Removal of municipal solid waste from the residential sector is carried out according to the schedule. The waste from the private sector of the city is removed during the day. Transportation (transport) of municipal waste is carried out by specially equipped vehicles. On the plots of the private residential sector, the collection of municipal waste is carried out by containerless and container methods. The containerless method is used in those areas of private building, where the possibility of the garbage truck's driving and its maneuvering are limited. Analysis of the current state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman showed that the main reasons for the increase in the volume of environmental pollution due to municipal solid waste is the lack of a high-quality management system in the field of MSW management, and especially the outdated waste collection and transportation scheme. The state of MSW management does not meet modern requirements. At the landfill, as a result of the introduction of the technology for the production of biogas from municipal solid waste, it is possible to obtain marketable products — biogas and compost. The city can receive income from the use of biogas as an alternative source of energy for heating buildings or from its consuming by the population. For the city of Uman, the volume of biogas formation at the MSW landfill in 2018 would have amounted to 5,441,280 m3, and in 2019 – 5,424,930 m3.Thus, it is possible to obtain significant volumes of biogas for the production of both heat and electricity. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed to improve the system for collecting municipal waste in the city of Uman. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component in the city of Uman is anaerobic fermentation followed by composting of the resulting products.

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