scholarly journals Warden Oom, Regionalist: Authorial Ethos, Generic Functions

Werkwinkel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Bram Lambrecht
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Literary Authority ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Rural Literature ◽  
Dutch Literature ◽  
Rhetorical Structures ◽  
Do So

Abstract Recent scholarship in Dutch literature of the interwar years has revalued to an important degree the genre of regional or rural literature. Whereas existent research in this field mainly zooms in on the thematic motives and rhetorical structures of the regional text, this paper aims at combining a textual and contextual approach. It hopes to do so by linking the functions of the regional genre to the construction of the regional author’s ethos or authority outside his oeuvre. One author here functions as a representative case in point: Warden Oom (Edward Vermeulen), a once successful but now forgotten Flemish folk writer and regionalist. This paper analyzes how Vermeulen, in autobiographical documents and interviews, embodies both an encyclopedic and an artistic authority. These two forms of extra-literary authority are a means to guarantee, so the argument goes, the efficacy of the informative and documentary as well as the esthetic functions of Vermeulen’s regional oeuvre. In this way, this paper not only pays attention to the rarely documented and therefore highly neglected voice of the regional author himself but it also grasps these autobiographical writings to situate the regional text in its broader context. Moreover, this article’s focus on the esthetic ambitions and functions of the regional author and his oeuvre may shed a new light on a genre which is usually considered to be heteronomous in the first place.

Each Man's Father Served as his Teacher: Constructing Relatedness in Pliny's Letters: In loving memory of Harry Bernstein (1913––2008)

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil W. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Literary Authority ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cultural Project ◽  
Exemplary Model

Recent scholarship has examined Pliny's efforts to embed his acts of patronage in the rhetorical context of paternity. This paper examines how Pliny employs the discourse of paternity in representing himself as a mentor and exemplary model for young men, with particular focus on Book 8 of the Letters. Though he lacks a child or adoptive heir himself, Pliny embeds his work in a tradition in which Roman writers from the Elder Cato onward presented literary authority as coextensive with paternal authority. In Ep. 8.14, Pliny presents an idealized image of education by fathers or paternal surrogates that legitimates both his receipt of benefits from his mentors and his own efforts to instruct young men in the manner of a father. Pliny presents his published work as a model for Genialis in Ep. 8.13 and his personal life as an example for Junius Avitus in Ep. 8.23. Ep. 8.10, 11 and 18 provide further contexts for Pliny's discourse of paternity. Two additional examples of the creation of relatedness in elite Roman culture (interactions with caregivers and the experience of contubernium) are briefly discussed. I consider in conclusion how study of Pliny's Letters may contribute to the larger cross-cultural project of understanding how otherwise unrelated persons, through informal activities such as mentorship, may construct relationships more salient to them than their biological or legal kinships.

Recapturing Regime Type in International Relations: Leaders, Institutions, and Agency Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D. Hyde ◽  
Elizabeth N. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Do So

AbstractA wave of recent research challenges the role of regime type in international relations. One striking takeaway is that democratic and autocratic leaders can often achieve similar levels of domestic constraint, which in many issue areas results in similar international outcomes—leading many to question traditional views of democracies as distinctive in their international relations. In this review essay, we use recent contributions in the field to build what we call a “malleable constraints” framework, in which all governments have an institutionally defined default level of domestic audience constraint that is generally higher in democracies, but leaders maintain some agency within these institutions and can strategically increase their exposure to or insulation from this constraint. Using this framework, we argue that regime type is still a crucial differentiator in international affairs even if, as recent studies suggest, democratic and autocratic leaders can sometimes be similarly constrained by domestic audiences and thus achieve similar international outcomes. This framework helps reconcile many competing claims in recent scholarship, including the puzzle of why autocracies do not strategically increase domestic audience constraint more often. Just because autocracies can engage audience constraints and democracies can escape them does not mean that they can do so with equal ease, frequency, or risk.

Equalitarianism: A source of liberal bias

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo M Winegard ◽  
Cory J Clark ◽  
Connor R Hasty ◽  
Roy Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Order Effects ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So ◽  
Liberal Bias

Recent scholarship has challenged the long-held assumption in the social sciences that Conservatives are more biased than Liberals, contending that the predominance of Liberals in social science may have caused social scientists to ignore liberal bias. Here, we demonstrate that Liberals are particularly prone to bias about victims’ groups (e.g. Blacks, Muslims, women) andidentify a trait that consistently predicts this bias. This trait, termed Equalitarianism, stems from an aversion to inequality and is comprised of three interrelated assumptions: (1) demographic groups do not differ biologically; (2) prejudice is ubiquitous; (3) society can, and should, make all groups equal in society. This leads to bias against information that portrays a perceived privileged group more favorably than a perceived victims’ group. Eight studies (n=3,274) support this theory. Liberalism was associated with perceiving certain groups as victims (Studies 1a-1b). In Studies 2-7, Liberals evaluated the same study as less credible when the results concluded that a privileged group (men and Whites) had a superior quality relative to a victims’ group (women and Blacks) than vice versa. Ruling out alternative explanations of Bayesian (or other normative) reasoning, significant order effects in within-subjects designs in Studies 6 and 7 suggest that Liberals think that they should not evaluate identical information differently depending on which group is said to have a superior quality, yet do so. In all studies, higher equalitarianism mediated the relationship between more liberal ideology and lower credibility ratings when privileged groups were said to score higher on a socially valuable trait.

Mission Intolerable: Harrison Salisbury's Trip to Hanoi and the Limits of Dissent against the Vietnam War

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK ATWOOD LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
News Media ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Media ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
Do So

Recent scholarship has shown that U.S. policymakers went to war in Vietnam despite full knowledge of problems they would find there. Why then did policymakers set aside their worries and head down a highly uncertain road? This article proposes examining why institutions that criticized U.S. policymaking did not do so as forcefully as they might have. Specifically, it explores constraints that operated within the news media by investigating the controversy that swirled around a series of stories written by Harrison Salisbury and published by the New York Times in 1966 and 1967. These stories, written during and after Salisbury's extraordinary trip to North Vietnam,directly challenged several of the Johnson administration's claims about the war. Predictably, administration officials criticized the series. More surprisingly, Salisbury encountered condemnation from other publications and even his own paper. The article describes these critiques and discusses constraints on independent, critical reporting within the media.

‘Learning the Lakes’: Harriet Martineau's A Complete Guide to the English Lakes and Pedestrian Authority

Romanticism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Kerri Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Literary Authority ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

In 1845 Harriet Martineau experienced a rapid recovery from a debilitating but mysterious illness that had kept her house-bound for half a decade. She measured her increasing health by the miles she was able to walk, and rapidly found herself capable of considerable distances. Shortly after she moved to the Lake District. Here she set about consolidating her recovery and becoming acquainted with her new home by walking hundreds of miles across the whole area. These walks would be the basis for her guides to the Lakes, first a series of essays published in ‘A Year at Ambleside’ in 1850, then A Complete Guide to the English Lakes in 1855. This essay places Martineau's Lakeland guides in the broader context of nineteenth-century tourism, especially the picturesque guidebooks that recent scholarship has demonstrated both responded to and shaped the way visitors understood the area. Martineau's guides, unusual for being female-authored, offer, I argue, suggestive ways of further developing our understanding of the relationship between genre, place and literary authority during the mid-century Lakeland tourist boom.

I like that you feel my pain, but I love that you feel my joy: Empathy for a partner’s negative versus positive emotions independently affect relationship quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 834-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Andreychik
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Do So

Given the myriad ways in which close relationships impact human well-being, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to healthy relationship functioning. One such factor is the extent to which partners empathize with each other’s emotional experiences. To date however, research examining empathy’s relevance for social relationships has focused overwhelmingly on empathy for others’ specifically negative emotions. Building on recent scholarship demonstrating the separability of empathy for others’ negative versus positive emotions, the present work argues that both of these empathic capacities contribute to relationship quality and that they do so via different pathways. A first study showed that whereas perceptions of a partner’s negative empathy and positive empathy were each independently associated with relationship quality, this association was substantially stronger for positive empathy. A second, experimental study demonstrated independent causal effects of negative empathy and positive empathy and showed that these effects were mediated by different mechanisms. These results suggest that although having a partner who empathizes with one’s negative emotions is good for relationships, having a partner who (also) empathizes with one’s positive emotions may carry even greater benefits.

Thunder versus Lightning in Etruria

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy T. de Grummond
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Do So

AbstractRecent scholarship on the Etruscans has produced important new insights into their practices of divination of the future by means of thunder and lightning. Not much attention has yet been given to how radically different these two natural phenomena were from the point of view of the systems that framed them and accordingly how different the appropriate rituals were. There was a highly complex system of interpreting lightning, based on the idea that there were nine Etruscan gods who could cast a bolt, and that even when one god wanted to do so, it often involved negotiations with others. It was very important for a diviner to know from which section of the sky the lightning originated and to have a full knowledge of its physical details and meanings. Thunder, on the other hand, was only a sound, and it was difficult to tell where it might have originated. Because it did not cause damage, it was seemingly not as dire as lightning. There does not seem to be a specific statement on which Etruscan deities might cause thunder, and so the diviner did not address the issue of which gods needed to be appeased. Instead, as far as we now know, thunder was judged by the day on which it was heard, and divination was thus carried out through calendrical reference, which did not require the kind of detailed training implied by the surviving texts on lightning. Since lightning is a visible phenomenon, it is not surprising that there are numerous depictions of it recognized in Etruscan mythological art. But while such examples may be duly noted, it is here argued that some images previously interpreted as lightning bolts are actually representations of thunder. A close look shows that, like the disciplines, the depictions of lightning and thunder are quite different from one another.

scholarly journals The Keepers of the Gate

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Burley
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Constant Feature ◽  
Reproduction Of Inequality ◽  
Do So

Recent scholarship has identified inequality in real property ownership as a constant feature of urban social structure. This study of Winnipeg during the boom of 1881-82 examines the reproduction of that inequality in terms of the strategies employed by major landowners to profit in an inflationary real estate market. Such men preferred to invest in rental properties, especially commercial accommodation. Best able to do so were those members of the bourgeoisie who, by virtue of their early arrival, had acquired cheap vacant land, the sale of which financed their acquisition of rental units. Thus, the reproduction of inequality involved the conversion of prior advantage in one real estate market, that for vacant land, into an advantage in a second market, that for rental accommodation.

The Altars of the Soil and Grain are Closer than Kin” 社稷戚於親: The Qi 齊 Model of Intellectual Participation and the Jixia 稷下 Patronage Community

Early China ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 37-99 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Early China ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Do So

This essay describes a distinct model for intellectual participation in public life promoted by the Tian kings of Qi during the Warring States Period (418–221 B.C.E.). Recent scholarship has too often assumed that categories like “Master,” “disciple,” and “school” had broadly conventional and stable meanings in early China, and that the social patterns of intellectual life ran along common and predictable lines established by these constructs. In fact, however, the sources demonstrate that all of the different categories with which intellectual life was depicted in early texts were heatedly contested and prone to volatile fluctuations in meaning and usage, as different interest groups fought to establish preferred parameters for the conduct of intellectual life. The Tian kings of Qi, in support of their bold usurpation of the Qi throne from the Lü clan, promoted a model for intellectual life radically different than the highly personal Master-disciple bond depicted in the Analects. In patronage texts like the Guanzi and Yanzi chunqiu, the Tian kings advocated that intellectuals identify with the Qi state in the abstract rather than with an individual “Master” or particular “school,” and that they should do so anonymously as thinkers, teachers, students, and writers in the service of Qi. The Jixia patronage community arose as a compromise between this advocacy position of the Tian kings and the preferences of the intellectual community at large, which generally favored the maintenance of the personal prestige of individual Masters. Jixia was founded on the basis of patronage practices that were widely current among powerful and wealthy figures of the Warring States, but Jixia itself was very atypical of such patronage communities. Unlike other client retinues, Jixia was made up exclusively of intellectuals who were lodged as clients of the Qi state rather than of an individual patron. Also, the dispensation of emoluments to individual clients was not tightly controlled at Jixia as in other patronage communities, but was “subcontracted” to the few Grand Masters who retained their own large retinues of disciples. Jixia thus combined the Tian king's desire to subordinate intellectual activity to state service while preserving to a degree the autonomous prerogatives that intellectuals had established for themselves and their own chosen leaders.

Directions in historiography: History and Irish nationalism

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (147) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard English|
Keyword(s):  
Irish Nationalism ◽  
Irish History ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Do So

Nationalism remains arguably the most important framework within which to explore, explain and understand modern Irish history. The object of this article is, first, to reflect on some impressive recent scholarship on the Irish nationalist past and, second, to propose a related set of suggestions intended to deepen and enrich our approach to the subject. It therefore offers both a respectful assessment of how we have thought about history and Irish nationalism, and also an agenda-conscious programme regarding how we should do so in future.

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