Beschäftigungswirkungen von Auslandsinvestitionen: das Beispiel Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Legewie
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Japanese Industry ◽  
Overseas Investment ◽  
Japanese Fdi ◽  
High Level

AbstractThis article offers an analysis of the domestic employment effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) for Japan between 1991 and 1996. After reviewing the current discussion in and outside Japan, the direct effects of Japanese overseas investment on trade, domestic production and employment are presented and discussed, based on detailed data provided by the MITI. The results show that Japanese FDI had strong positive effects on domestic production and employment by stimulating exports of capital goods nearly equaling negative effects by export displacement and rising imports. Taking into account indirect effects as well as the fact that most FDI does not really substitute exports but takes place only as an outcome of import barriers and a regional shift of location advantages, it is argued that Japanese FDI had a clear positive overall effect on domestic employment so far. The low degree of production abroad by international standards even implies a special need for the Japanese industry to further accelerate the shift of production activities abroad to accelerate structural changes at home that ensure a high level of employment and wages in the long run.

scholarly journals Microfinance Institutions and Financial Sector Growth in Nigeria (1992-2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Abiodun Ayodeji ◽  
Adebayo Tunbosun Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Variable Coefficients ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bound Test

Abstract The extent to which microfinance bank institutions have contributed to the financial sector growth has not been well unraveled in the extant literature in Nigeria, hence, this study examined the effects of microfinance banks on financial sector growth in Nigeria. It further investigated the dynamic form of relationship between microfinance banks and financial sector growth in Nigeria covering a temporal scope 1992 to 2018. The model specification was formulated using financial sector GDP as the proxy for dependent variable, microfinance credit, deposits, assets and investment were used as proxies for microfinance banks institutions. Secondary data were sourced from CBN statistical Bulletin and analyzed using auto regressive distributed lag bound test and its corresponding short and long run coefficients. Finding revealed an inconclusive long run relationship between microfinance bank institutions and financial sector growth. Checking the individual variable coefficients in the short run, microfinance credit has significant positive effect while microfinance assets has insignificant effects on financial sector growth. In the long run, it was revealed that microfinance bank deposits and assets exert insignificant positive effects while microfinance credits have insignificant effect and investments have significant negative effects on financial sector growth. The study concluded that, in the long run, microfinance bank institutions exert positive and insignificant effects on financial sector growth in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that, for microfinance bank institutions to impact significantly on financial sector growth in Nigeria, its credit should be increased and be more directed to the target individuals and the level of their investments should be geared up so as to engender growth of the financial sector in Nigeria. Furthermore, microfinance bank institutions should maintain its status quo on deposits and assets, however, improvement on them should be encouraged so as to enhance the growth of the financial sector in Nigeria

The effects of shared leadership on team performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyeong Han ◽  
Jeewhan Yoon ◽  
Woojae Choi ◽  
Gyehoon Hong
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Task Oriented

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between shared leadership and team performance at the team level. Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the authors examine whether shared leadership is associated with team performance through team positive psychological capital (PsyCap). This study further examines whether task-oriented and relationship-oriented shared leadership affect team performance differently.Design/methodology/approachMulti-source survey data were obtained from 92 team leaders and 319 employees. An aggregation approach was used to analyze the data at the team level.FindingsA high level of shared leadership positively influences team performance through the mediation of team PsyCap. Moreover, relationship-oriented shared leadership is positively associated with team performance through team PsyCap, while task-oriented shared leadership is negatively associated with team performance without the mediating effect of team PsyCap.Practical implicationsBy focusing on the negative effects of task-oriented shared leadership and the positive effects of relationship-oriented shared leadership and team PsyCap on team performance, this study suggests new ways to manage team performance effectively and extends shared leadership literature.Originality/valueThis study applied COR theory to analyze the effect of shared leadership mediated by team PsyCap on team performance. It contributes to shared leadership literature by shedding light on the negative effects of task-oriented shared leadership and on the positive aspects of relationship-oriented shared leadership.

The Recessive Outcomes of Emu Policies: Analysis of the Italian Experience, 1998-2008

2012 ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Rita Canale Rosaria ◽  
Napolitano Oreste
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fiscal And Monetary Policy

The EMU assigns a marginal role to economic policy and relies on the idea that, if prices are kept constant, there will be an automatic convergence towards long-run equilibrium income. These beliefs represent the theoretical underpinnings of fiscal and monetary policy strategies in Europe. In order to highlight the weakness of these foundations, this paper evaluates empirically the effects of public expenditure and interest rate setting on equilibrium income in Italy from 1998 to 2008. Our analysis supports the conclusions that government spending has a positive impact on national income while monetary policy strategy has a negative impact. Moreover, the high level of debt does not produce negative effects on GDP. Finally, at a time of financial crisis, these results are reinforced for fiscal policy, but weakened for monetary policy. The paper finally states that the EMU's rigid rules for both fiscal and monetary policy have recessive outcomes.

scholarly journals Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Canada: An Evidence from Time-Series Tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarlok Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Consistent Support

This study examines the effects of international trade and investment on output and tests the null hypothesis of Granger non-causality among trade, investment and economic growth in Canada. The long-run model is estimated using several single-equation and system estimators to assess the robustness of results across methodologies. The single-equation, OLSEG, GMM, DOLS, NLLS and FMOLS, estimates of the model provide consistent support for the positive and significant long-run effects of exports and investment on output. The ML system estimates cross-validate the cointegrating relationship and reinforce the positive effects of exports and investment and the negative effects of imports on output. The over-parameterized level-VAR estimates suggest unidirectional Granger-causality from exports, imports and investment each to output. The estimates of the model with structural breaks support the long-run relationship, though the evidence is not unambiguous ubiquitously across all the tests. The evidence supporting the positive and significant long-run effects overwhelms the evidence providing weak or no support for the effects of trade on output. The results underline the need for the acceleration of exports (and investment) to offset the demand-reducing effects of imports and escalate the altitudes of output and economic growth.

scholarly journals NAFTA, Social Unionism, and Labour Movement Power in Canada and the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Robinson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Negative Impacts

This paper considers how the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is likely to affect labour movement power in Canada and the United States. The paper is divided into four parts. It first defines the concept of « labour movement power », breaking it down into its component parts. It next considers why we should care about what happens to labour movement power. It then outlines the principal negative and positive effects that the NAFTA is likely to have on labour movement power. Attention is also given to the beneficial consequences that the fight against the NAFTA has already had for the labour movement. It is argued that the NAFTA 's negative impacts are likely to outweight its positive ones in the short run and that the positive effects could substantially outweight its negative effects over the medium to long run. Whether it does will depend upon choices made in the next few years by labour movement leaders and activists.

Millionaires or Job Creators: What Really Happens to Employment Growth When You Stick It to the Rich?

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-141
Author(s):  
Ahiteme N. Houndonougbo ◽  
Matthew N. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Tax Changes

We provide empirical evidence on the consequences of relatively higher tax burdens on the rich for aggregate employment growth using a newly constructed time series for 1947 through 2011 derived from the US Statistics of Income. In response to shifts in the relative federal tax burden toward the rich, we find statistically significant positive effects on employment growth in the short run and some evidence of negative effects on employment growth in the long run. Among our robustness checks, we use the Romer and Romer narrative record analysis to restrict our sample to a period of exclusively exogenous tax changes. The results hold in the restricted sample and are also consistent across alternative specifications and estimation methods, including unrestricted and Bayesian vector autoregressive.

scholarly journals Do Human Capital Investment and Technological Innovation Have a Permanent Effect on Population Health? An Asymmetric Analysis of BRICS Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Gao Hu ◽  
Li-Peng Yao
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study examines the asymmetric impact of human capital investment, and technological innovation on population health from the years spanning from 1991 to 2019, by using a panel of the BRICS countries. For this purpose, we have employed the PMG panel NARDL approach, which captures the long-run and short-run dynamics of the concerned variables. The empirical results show that human capital investment and technological innovation indeed happen to exert asymmetric effects on the dynamics of health in BRICS countries. Findings also reveal that increased human capital investment and technological innovation have positive effects on health, while the deceased human capital investment and technological innovation tend to have negative effects on population health in the long run. Based on these revelations, some policy recommendations have been proposed for BRICS economies.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ziswaf, Production Index and Sharia Stock Index on Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-242
Author(s):  
Purbawati Setyaningsih ◽  
Roikhan Mochamad Aziz ◽  
Puji Hadiyati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Term Model ◽  
Long Run

This study analyzes the influence ZISWAF, Gini ratio, the total export value, the index of industrial production, sharia stock index investment to GDP growth, in the short and long term. Qualitative data were taken from BPS, Baznas, ACT Global Waqf, the FSA from March 2006 until December 2017 using the methodology of The Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of this study indicate that the variable Gini Ratio, Ziswaf, Total exports, Production Index and Sharia Stock Index on GDP economic growth have significant and positive effects in the long term and the short term. Meaning that these variables have a relationship with GDP economic growth. If the variable decreases or slows down-then GDP economic growth also. While total exports have insignificant effects and negative effects on GDP economic growth. The R-square regression value of the long-term model produces a proportion of 96 percent, the short-term model produces a proportion of 97 percent. Both in the long-run and short-run models, the highest coefficient value is the value of the Gini ratio with 4.941522 and 0.348043. All positive coefficients, Gini ratio variables, ziswaf and production index have a significant effect on gdp, total exports and sharia stock indexes do not have a significant effect on gdp both in the long and short-term models. It implies in the future, fiscal economic policy makers to economic growth that opened a lot of employment, by encouraging resource based economic activities of Indonesia's largest export-oriented agriculture and mining. Good Corporate goverment should do so gini ratio of the areas surrounding the economy improved and people kesejahtaeraan increase.

scholarly journals Multi-Factor Crime in Malaysia, 1980 – 2013: Bounds Testing of Level Relationships and Granger Non-Causality Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dullah Mulok ◽  
Mori Kogid ◽  
Rozilee Asid ◽  
Jaratin Lily
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study examines the relationship between criminal activities and the multi-macroeconomic factors of economic growth, unemployment, poverty, population and inflation in Malaysia from 1980 to 2013. The ARDL bounds testing of the level relationship was used to establish the long-run relation, and the Toda-Yamamoto Augmented VAR approach was used to test the short-run impact based on partial Granger non-causality analysis. Empirical results suggest that economic growth, inflation, poverty and population are significant factors affecting criminal activities in Malaysia with economic growth and poverty recording positive effects, whereas negative effects were recorded for inflation and population in the long-term. Further investigation using Granger non-causality analysis revealed that only population does Granger caused the criminal activities in the short-run. The findings provide useful information for policymakers to strengthen the existing crime-related policies in order to improve safety and security while maintaining economic sustainability in Malaysia.

Evolution of economic cycles and determination of structural changes in the national economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ihor Nazarkevych
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Structural Reform ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
High Level

The role of state structural regulation of the national economy in the conditions of the high volatility of economic cycles is substantiated. The key parameters of the system of state regulation of the economy in terms of permanent structural transformation and cyclical national economy are defined as the following: efficiency, balance of interests of all participants in economic relations, socialization and greening of economic processes. The evolution of basic theories of cyclical economic development is studied, and their main features in terms of factor influence on cyclicity and structural transformations in the system of the national economy are determined. The scientific and methodological approach to determining the content of structural changes in the national economy is determined as a transition from one paradigm of development and economic growth to another paradigm more adequate to the global challenges and domestic demands faced by society. The author's definitions of the structural-economic conceptual-categorical apparatus that reflects the transformation processes in the cyclical economy are suggested, in particular: the structure of the national economy (structural basis); structural changes (transformation, shifts); structural policy; structural reform (restructuring); structural crisis. The cyclical development of the economy is characterized, which is often accompanied by such undesirable parameters as discreteness, uncertainty, chaos, which affects economic growth and resilience of the national economy to recession shocks. Timely structural reform is determined to be the only vector to prevent it, including ensuring the availability of developed domestic markets, high competitiveness of domestic companies in global markets, high level of solvency of domestic consumers and efficient structure of the national economy. These factors will help reduce the level of negative effects arising from market fluctuations.

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