Evolution of economic cycles and determination of structural changes in the national economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ihor Nazarkevych
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Structural Reform ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
High Level

The role of state structural regulation of the national economy in the conditions of the high volatility of economic cycles is substantiated. The key parameters of the system of state regulation of the economy in terms of permanent structural transformation and cyclical national economy are defined as the following: efficiency, balance of interests of all participants in economic relations, socialization and greening of economic processes. The evolution of basic theories of cyclical economic development is studied, and their main features in terms of factor influence on cyclicity and structural transformations in the system of the national economy are determined. The scientific and methodological approach to determining the content of structural changes in the national economy is determined as a transition from one paradigm of development and economic growth to another paradigm more adequate to the global challenges and domestic demands faced by society. The author's definitions of the structural-economic conceptual-categorical apparatus that reflects the transformation processes in the cyclical economy are suggested, in particular: the structure of the national economy (structural basis); structural changes (transformation, shifts); structural policy; structural reform (restructuring); structural crisis. The cyclical development of the economy is characterized, which is often accompanied by such undesirable parameters as discreteness, uncertainty, chaos, which affects economic growth and resilience of the national economy to recession shocks. Timely structural reform is determined to be the only vector to prevent it, including ensuring the availability of developed domestic markets, high competitiveness of domestic companies in global markets, high level of solvency of domestic consumers and efficient structure of the national economy. These factors will help reduce the level of negative effects arising from market fluctuations.

THE IMPACT OF UKRAINE'S EXCISE DUTY POLICY ON THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE TOBACCO MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Nadiia NOVYTSKA ◽  
◽  
Inna KHLIEBNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transformation Processes

The market of tobacco products in Ukraine is one of the most dynamic and competitive. It develops under the influence of certain factors that cause structural changes, therefore, the aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of transformation processes in the market of tobacco and their alternatives in Ukraine and identify the factors that cause them. The high level of tax burden and the proliferation of alternative products with a potentially lower risk to human health, including heating tobacco products and e-cigarettes, are key factors in the market’s transformation process. Their presence leads to an increase in illicit turnover of tobacco products, which accounts for 6.37% of the market, and the gradual replacement of cigarettes with alternative products, which account for 12.95%. The presence on the market of products that are not taxed or taxed at lower rates is one of the reasons for the reduction of excise duty revenues. According to the results of 2019, the planned indicators of revenues were not met by 23.5%. Other reasons for non-fulfillment of excise duty revenues include: declining dynamics of the tobacco products market; reduction in the number of smokers; reorientation of «cheap whites» cigarette flows from Ukraine to neighboring countries; tax avoidance. Prospects for further research are identified, namely the need to develop measures for state regulation and optimization of excise duty taxation of tobacco products and their alternatives, taking into account the risks to public health and increasing demand of illegal products.

Assessment and analysis of efficiency system management by innovative factors for sustainable development of national economy from the position satisfaction of vital interests population in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Оксана Василівна Бондар-Підгурська ◽  
Алла Олександрівна Глєбова
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
System Management ◽  
Stage Of Development

The scientific and methodological approach to the evaluation and analysis of the efficiency of system management by innovation factors for sustainable development of national economy from the point of view satisfaction vital interest’s population is developed. This is the calculation of the modernized index human development based on the adjective model based on 26 indicators (social, economic and environmental subsystems), as well as using the methods of the main components and the slip matrix. The resultant value is the modernized Human Development Index (MHDІ) of Ukraine. The architectonics MHDІ of Ukraine in 2007–2017 from the position of sub-indices of the ecological, social and economic subsystems is analyzed. Consequently, the scientific and methodological approach based on the MHDI change allows us to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the work and public administration bodies in the context of making managerial decisions regarding the satisfaction of the vital interest’s population. MHDI considers the main regulated parameter of the system management in the innovation factors of sustainable development in socially oriented economy. The tendency of steady decline MHDI of Ukraine in 2007–2017 on 53.45 % was confirmed, which confirms inefficient state regulation of crisis situations in Ukraine. In order to increase the efficiency management of innovative factors by sustainable development of the national economy, from the standpoint of satisfaction vital interest’s population, it is proposed to intensify the use of public debt and savings bonds, market and non-market methods of relief and debt load. This is due to the fact that at the current stage of development in the national economy, public external debt is one of the most significant indicators of the state economy. It is at the same time a criterion for the effectiveness of public financial policy, as well as a threat and opportunity for the Ukrainian economy. In order to optimize its size, various methods, approaches, tools are used. Based on the analysis of world experience, it has been established that the securities market, in particular debt securities, plays a strategic role in regulating this issue. Therefore, it makes sense to recommend government debt bonds and government savings bonds to optimize the amount of external public debt.

State and tendencies of development of the banking system in the context of structural reform of the national economy of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Marta Barna ◽  
Nadiya Ruschyshyn
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Reform ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Stage Of Development

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the fulfilment of the potential of the banking system is capable of providing positive structural changes in the economy of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyse the state and trends of the banking system of Ukraine in the focus of its impact on the structural reform of the national economy. The study used methods of statistical analysis (to analyse the state and dynamics of the banking system) and the analogue method (to identify the extent of the development of the banking system on structural changes in the economy). It was substantiated that the effective functioning of the banking system is key to successful economic development of the national economy, in particular its reform. It is proved that a mechanism of redistribution of financial resources and money acts through the banking system; therefore, they are mobilised and involved in economic circulation in those sectors of the economy that need it most. The state and trends of development of the banking system as preconditions of fulfilment of its potential in structural reform of national economy are generalised. As a result of the analysis of the state and trends of the banking system, both their positive and negative features were identified. It is proved that in Ukraine, at the present stage of development of the national economy, the banking system has been cleared of low-liquid and conditionally fictitious banking structures, the volumes of assets, in particular highly liquid ones, are growing, and the loan portfolio of banks is improving, their financial results, liquidity and solvency, resistance to currency shocks, bank lending to the economy increase. The study also demonstrated that the country's banking system is described by a number of systemic shortcomings, especially the high level of concentration of bank capital and deposits in the largest banks, as well as state banks in a number of segments of the banking sector by number of departments, ATMs, terminals, active payment cards. There is a trend to weaken the penetration of the banking sector into the economy, especially in terms of affordable lending to individuals and strategic sectors of the economy. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that based on the identified shortcomings of the banking system and its impact on structural reforms, strategic lines of work for improving government regulation in this area have been identified

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF MANAGING THE SECTORAL STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Policy ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Role Of The State

The article substantiates that the scientific research of any phenomenon or process is carried out in a certain sequence using a certain set of methods that depend on the direction and purpose of this study and determine its methodology. Methodology unites the object of research into a single whole with the help of structure, logic, principles, methods, tools and forms of scientific knowledge. The methodological bases of management of sectoral structure of economy are considered and concretized. All components of the methodology of management of the sectoral structure of the economy are grouped into three blocks: conceptual-essential, functional and effective, which are closely interconnected and interdependent. The methodological approach involves the justification of the purpose and priority sectoral objectives at the appropriate stage of economic development, principles and mechanisms. When setting the goal, it is necessary to synchronize the priority sectoral tasks and priorities of economic development with the available resource opportunities of the national economy. To achieve this goal, tasks based on the concepts of structural change, innovation and inclusive growth were formulated. It is proved that the change in the proportions of the sectoral structure of the economy is a consequence of structural changes. Structural changes are a consequence of the emergence of new sources of raw materials, products, production methods, the development of new markets, changes in the market situation in general. The interconnected processes of structural change that follow or are accompanied by economic development are called structural transformation. The main methodological principles of the system approach in the study of the sectoral structure of the economy are highlighted. The subjects of management of the sectoral structure are considered, the mechanisms and tools of influence on the structural processes in the national economy are characterized. It is proved that the management of the sectoral structure of the economy is the content of the state structural policy. Structural policy is a broader concept and includes sectoral, sectoral and industrial policies. The greater the sectoral structure of the economy, the greater the role of the state in managing these processes.

scholarly journals Regulation of institutional changes in the social sector of the national economy: conceptual approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Ksenia Bagmet
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social

Introduction. The development of the national economy under the modern conditions is increasingly determined by the potential both of the commercial sector and also of the social sector development level since a number of economic policy tasks concern this sector. Issues of economic and social inequality are increasingly being explored in terms of their impact on economic growth in a long run. The complexity of implementing state regulation of the social sector to ensure inclusive growth raises a number of problems, because policies need to be coherent and institutional arrangements are effectively implemented. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to substantiate a conceptual approach to institutional transformations regulating of the social sector of the national economy, based on the principles of inclusive economic growth. Results. According to the institutional changes theory, the formation of a coherent strategy regarding the state regulation of institutional changes in the social sector of the national economy requires consideration of the dependence on the previous way of development. So, the structure that is being formed requires both vertical (with basic institutions) and horizontal (with institutions formed within the social sector) coordination. Development of two mentioned types of interactions should be aligned with the strategy of state regulation of the social sector of the national economy - market-coherent and socially-coherent and gives the opportunity to achieve both social and economic (commercial) results, to balance the measures aimed at these interactions. Conclusions. Within the framework of the problem of creation of an effective system of state regulation solution for ensuring inclusive growth within the proposed approach, the necessity of stakeholder interaction development, creation of an institutional and economic environment for the development of market-coherent and socially-coherent interactions considering achievement of economic growth with simultaneous achievement of social goals is ensured. Strategic direction of state regulation of institutional changes in the social sector of the national economy can be considered a gradual shift from the institutions of income redistribution to participation institutions (education, infrastructure, etc.). Education development is one of the priorities, as research findings indicate that the problem of access to education is a significant factor in inequality.

scholarly journals Key steps to smart specialization development of Russian regions

R-Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Yuliya G. Myslyakova ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Shamova ◽  
Natalia P. Neklyudova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
National Level ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
Key Steps

Relevance. The development of modern mechanisms for state regulation of regional processes, including those related to investment support for certain industries (e.g. the Spatial Development Strategy in Russia), requires a research-informed choice of ‘priority’ specializations. At the same time, such choice should meet the requirement of resilient economic development of these regions if the development of these specializations is supported on the national level. Research objective.The goal of this study is to assess the current structure of the Russian regions’ economy. We aim to identify the regions that have a specialization and thus can ensure resilient development and transition to smart specialization. Data and methods. The study proposes a methodological approach to identify the region’s smart specialization. The approach is based on the calculation of indicators that characterize the regions’ industries according to Russia’s national classifier of types of economic activity (OKVED2). Regions with pronounced industrial specialization are thus identified. The methodological approach has been tested by using statistical data for 84 regions. Results.43 regionswith industrial, export-oriented and extractive specialization were identified. We revealed nineregions that had sufficient prerequisites for the transition tosmart specialization and 11 regions that need to strengthen their knowledge-intensive component. Conclusion.The resulting list of Russian regions that can act as pioneer territories for the introduction of structural changes into the practice of state regulation can be of interest to policy-makers.

scholarly journals Assessment of the current state of the hunting economy development in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
V. Muzyka ◽  
O. Honta
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Current State ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
High Level

The national branch of the hunting economy is an integral part of the national economy of the state and plays one of the important roles in the use and conservation of natural resources, which is the necessary condition for further development of the state. It should be noted that during the investigation period the development of the hunting industry is unsatisfactory and is characterized by high level of losses of many hunting farms and low number of hunted animal species. This encourages many national scientists to find the ways to improve the functioning of this area of national economy. Many national researchers, particularly: V. Bondarenko, G. Govda, P. Khoyetsky, R. Novikov, Y. Muravyov, A. Volokh, A. Bashta, V. Burmas, I. Delegan, V. Myronenko, O. Protsiv, I. Sheremeta and others devoted their investigations to the problems and prospects of the development of this field, as well as to the organizational-economic and normative-legal aspects of its functioning, problems of hunting reformation and its state regulation. Most of these researches point out that national hunting industry requires reformation taking into account the successful experience of neighboring European countries. The current state of hunting economy of Ukraine is analyzed in this paper. The main economic indicators of this industry such as: change in the national hunting areas during the investigation period and their distribution among the users of different forms of ownership, the number of full-time employees of the industry and hunters, as well as the number of hunting animal species – the main resource of the hunting economy are considered. The sources of monetary income of hunting farms are given and analyzed. During the process of investigation of the current state of hunting industry, it is determined that its functioning is influenced by many negative factors, causing the loss of many domestic hunting farms. While assessing the current state of the hunting industry of Ukraine, it is found that in order to find the ways for the improvement of this industry efficiency, the comprehensive monitoring of its current state, as well as system investigation of the problems hindering its development are required.

Beschäftigungswirkungen von Auslandsinvestitionen: das Beispiel Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Legewie
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Japanese Industry ◽  
Overseas Investment ◽  
Japanese Fdi ◽  
High Level

AbstractThis article offers an analysis of the domestic employment effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) for Japan between 1991 and 1996. After reviewing the current discussion in and outside Japan, the direct effects of Japanese overseas investment on trade, domestic production and employment are presented and discussed, based on detailed data provided by the MITI. The results show that Japanese FDI had strong positive effects on domestic production and employment by stimulating exports of capital goods nearly equaling negative effects by export displacement and rising imports. Taking into account indirect effects as well as the fact that most FDI does not really substitute exports but takes place only as an outcome of import barriers and a regional shift of location advantages, it is argued that Japanese FDI had a clear positive overall effect on domestic employment so far. The low degree of production abroad by international standards even implies a special need for the Japanese industry to further accelerate the shift of production activities abroad to accelerate structural changes at home that ensure a high level of employment and wages in the long run.

scholarly journals Strengthening the role of public governance approaches to ensure sustainable economic growth

Upravlenets ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Mikhail Ershov ◽  
Anna Tanasova ◽  
Elena Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The COVID-19 pandemic has formed a fundamentally new environment in both the global and Russian economies. The scale of problems that countries have to deal with significantly enhances the role of the state in the functioning of the economy and requires active government intervention to stabilize the situation and overcome the crisis. The article analyzes the role of state regulation and monetary authorities in the crisis environment in Russian and global economies. Methodologically, the study relies on the theory of institutionalism, Keynesian and neo-Keynesian economics, monetarism and industrialization. Qualitative methods of analysis, as well as retrospective and system-based methods and cross-country comparisons are applied in the research. The authors emphasize that the quality of these interventions is becoming increasingly important. In the Russian Federation, the economic situation is aggravated by the pre-existing problems, such as low business activity. We analyze the measures to support the Russian economy that are aimed, among other things, at the formation of long-term structural changes. Despite the fact that the introduction of the government approaches to counteract the crisis in 2020 will help to mitigate the current acute situation, they will not be able to lay solid foundations for further sustainable economic growth, since system-based mechanisms are still not provided for forming long-term affordable financial resources that are necessary for investment. The paper develops concrete approaches for providing the economy with long-term money, which embrace the formation of the resources on an internal basis amid the interaction of the Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance. We stress the powerful role of mechanisms for government departments’ coordination.

scholarly journals SECURITY ASPECT OF STRATEGIZING NATIONAL ECONOMY

10.23856/3309 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kyrylenko ◽  
Andrii Kotenok
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Structural Reform ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
National Economic

The article substantiates the objective necessity for introducing strategizing to ensure the effectiveness of structural reform of the national economy. The main characteristics of strategizing, which are hypothetically capable of providing the prerequisites for effective structural changes in the national economy, are identified A list of basic tasks has been given, the solution of these tasks should provide the mechanism for strategizing the structural reform of the national economy. The approaches to improving the use of strategizing in achieving structural policy goals are suggested. It has been found that when new directions of development emerge and form, globalization creates unfavorable conditions for the economic security of the state. The current state of economic development makes it necessary to take into account these challenges in order to ensure stable development and competitiveness of the national economy of Ukraine. The internal and external threats that cause insufficient stability of the economy and results in a decrease in the economic security of our state are characterized. The most important national economic interests are presented the realization of which may lead to well-being and prosperity of the nation.Some ways of improving the economic security policy have been proposed.

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