Solid State Reaction Study of the System Li2CO3/Fe2O3

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 997-1003
Author(s):  
V. Berbenni ◽  
A. Marini ◽  
D. Capsoni
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Enthalpies Of Formation ◽  
Initial Composition ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Carbonate Decomposition ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract A thermoanalytical (TGA/DSC) and diffractometric (XRD) study has been performed on the solid state reaction system Li2CO3 -Fe2O3 in the x Li range 0.10±0.50. A detailed analysis of the results shows that the data are in agreement with a reaction model where the carbonate decomposition is regulated by the formation of both LiFeO2 and LiFe5O8 , and the relative amount of the two phases depends on the initial composition. The DSC evidence offers the possibility to directly quantify the LiFe5Ox phase. Furthermore it allows one to obtain the enthalpies of formation of both LiFeO2 and LiFe5O8 .

Degassing Behavior and Solid State Reaction of Nano-Ti(CN) Base Cermets in Sintering

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1104-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhu Zhou ◽  
Ye Xia Qin ◽  
Chun Lei Wan ◽  
Kai Qi Liu ◽  
Long Hao Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Two Phases

The chemical composition and solid state reaction of the nano-Ti(CN) base cermets in different sintering temperature were studied. The total carbon and oxygen content in compact were declined gradually with the increasing of sintering temperature, the nitrogen content in compact began to decline above 1100°C, the peak of de-gassing of N2 was formed before the emergence of liquid phase, the decomposition of N2 was arisen acutely above 1500°C. Mo2C and TaC diffused and took part in solid state reaction with Ti(CN) above 900°C, the solid state reaction was finished below 1200°C. WC diffused and took part in solid state reaction with Ti(CN) above 1100°C, it was dissolved below 1250°C, there were only two phases, Ti(CN) and Ni(Ni+Co), in the alloy.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMIC METAL Ni-YSZ PREPARED FROM LOCAL ZIRCON SAND AT VARIOUS Ni:YSZ COMPOSITION

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Karima Apriany ◽  
Fitria Rahmawati ◽  
Eddy Heraldy ◽  
Dani G Syarif ◽  
Syoni Soepriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Cubic Structure ◽  
Zircon Sand ◽  
Two Phases

<p>This research synthesized a cermet Ni-YSZ, in which the YSZ (yttria stabilized-zirconia) was synthesized from the local zircon sand, ZrSiO<sub>4</sub>, as a side product of tin mining plant in Bangka island, Indonesia. The synthesized YSZ in this research is zirconia, ZrO<sub>2</sub> doped by 8 % mol of yttrium dioxide. The synthesis used solid state reaction method and the result was characterized its crystal structure and its cell parameters by XRD analysis equipped with Le Bail refinement, surface morphology analysis, and an impedance analysis to understand its ionic conductivity. The cermet Ni-YSZ was synthesized at a various composition of Ni:YSZ i.e., 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 (b/b). The analysis shows that Ni-YSZ is in two phases of Ni and YSZ without any presence of a third phase. It indicates that there was no solid state reaction between Ni and YSZ during synthesis. In this Ni-YSZ cermet, the Ni phase in a cubic structure, and the YSZ is also in a cubic structure. Morphological study shows that the addition of Ni to YSZ allows the morphology to become more roughness with larger grain size. This research found that the Ni-YSZ 20:80 has highest ionic conductivity.</p>

Solid State Reaction Study Of The System Co-Li2CO3

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-820
Author(s):  
A. Marini ◽  
V. Berbenni ◽  
V. Massarotti ◽  
D. Capsoni ◽  
G. Bruni
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Lithium Content ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reactive Processes

Abstract A detailed analysis of the reactive processes taking place in Co-Li2CO3 was performed by use of thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. A reaction model is proposed which accounts for the nature, stoichiometry, and amount of the phases present, at room temperature, in samples subjected to different thermal treatments. In particular it is shown that the thermal treatment influences substantially the final lithium content and the relative amount of the Li-containing phases. The results obtained for powdered samples are compared with those obtained in a previous work for plaques.

scholarly journals Production of brown inorganic pigments with spinel structure using spent zinc-carbon batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiuza Rodrigues ◽  
Daiane Göttert ◽  
Laura Pereira ◽  
Antunes Masetto ◽  
de Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Initial Composition ◽  
Synthetic Sample ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Dry Electrode ◽  
Battery Discharge

In recent years, there has been an increase in the production of zinc-carbon batteries to fulfil the demand for portable energy. This has led to an increase in the spent batteries disposal, which can cause environmental problems. In this study, inorganic brown pigments were produced using electrode materials from spent zinccarbon batteries with the aim of recycling this residue as it is toxic to the environment and human health when disposed incorrectly. The pigments were produced by the solid state reaction between the oxides mixtures from spent batteries and chromium oxide and heat treated at 1200?C for two hours. The produced pigments were stable and showed good colour and opacity when applied to ceramic pieces at a decorative burning temperature (850?C). At 1050?C, only the ZMC100 sample (with initial composition having ZnMn2O4 : Cr2O3 molar ratio of 1:1) showed stability. A good result was obtained when the produced samples were compared with the standards produced by solid-state reaction of the pure commercial oxides. The compounds produced during battery discharge, favoured the formation of ZnMn2O4 with higher purity at low temperatures. Hence, the pigment produced using dry electrode materials as a precursor was more crystalline than the synthetic sample obtained under the same conditions.

scholarly journals Solid State Reaction of Al and Zr in Al/Zr Multilayers: A Calorimetry Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Blobaum ◽  
T.P. Weihs ◽  
T.W. Barbee ◽  
M.A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Multi Phase

ABSTRACTThe exothermic, solid state reaction of Al and Zr has been studied in thick AL/Zr multilayers using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The multilayersamples were magnetron sputter deposited into highly textured alternate layers of Al and Zr with nominal composition A13Zr. The samples used in this study were 47μm thick with a 427Å period. When samples were isochronally scanned from 25º to 725ºC, a large exotherm at ˜350ºC was followed by one or two smaller exotherms at ˜650ºC. The first exotherm is dominated by a diffusionbased reaction of Al and Zr that produces two phases in isochronal scans: amorphous AI-Zrand cubic A13Zr, and two additional phases in isothermal anneals: A12Zr and tetragonal AI3Zr. The exothermic heat from this multi-phase reaction is measured using isochronal scans and isothermal anneals, and the heat flow is analyzed using a l-D diffusion based model. An average activation energy and a diffusion constant are determined. In the isothermal scans, the total exothermic heat increases linearly with √ime, and layer thicknesses vary linearly with heat.

Influence of Size of NiO-SDC on the Electrochemical Properties for SOFC Anodes

2013 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Li Jing Qi ◽  
Wen Yan Liu ◽  
Hai Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fluorite Structure ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Increasing Temperature

NiO and SDC Powders were Prepared by Sol-Gel Method and then Calcined at 400、600 and 800°C. Nio-SDC Anode Materials were Synthesized by Solid State Reaction According to the Mass Ratio of Nio:SDC=65:35 Ratio . XRD Measurement Showed that Powders Consist of Two Phases, the Cubic Nio and Fluorite Structure Ceria . the Grain Size was Shown to Increase with Increasing Temperature. the Cermet with Ni-SDC Powders Calcined at 400°C Showed the Highest Electric Conductivity and a Lower Degree of Polarization.The Electrical Conductivity was 4155Scm-1and Overpotential was 0.12V at 600°C.

The wustite-spinel interface

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
S.R. Summerfelt ◽  
C.B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Oxygen Sublattice ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Small Lattice ◽  
Coherent Interfaces

The wustite-spinel interface can be viewed as a model interface because the wustite and spinel can share a common f.c.c. oxygen sublattice such that only the cations distribution changes on crossing the interface. In this study, the interface has been formed by a solid state reaction involving either external or internal oxidation. In systems with very small lattice misfit, very large particles (>lμm) with coherent interfaces have been observed. Previously, the wustite-spinel interface had been observed to facet on {111} planes for MgFe2C4 and along {100} planes for MgAl2C4 and MgCr2O4, the spinel then grows preferentially in the <001> direction. Reasons for these experimental observations have been discussed by Henriksen and Kingery by considering the strain energy. The point-defect chemistry of such solid state reactions has been examined by Schmalzried. Although MgO has been the principal matrix material examined, others such as NiO have also been studied.

Observation of solid-state reaction between a thin yttria film and a (0001) α-alumina substrate

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
J. R. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Alumina Substrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alumina Fibers ◽  
Optical Applications

Transmission-electron microscopy (TEM), scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate the solid-state reaction between a thin yttria film and a (0001) α-alumina substrate. Systems containing Y2O3 (yttria) and Al2O3 (alumina) are seen in many technologically relevant applications. For example, yttria is being explored as a coating material for alumina fibers for metal-ceramic composites. The coating serves as a diffusion barrier and protects the alumina fiber from reacting with the metal matrix. With sufficient time and temperature, yttria in contact with alumina will react to form one or a combination of phases shown by the phase diagram in Figure l. Of the reaction phases, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is used as a material for lasers and other optical applications. In a different application, YAG is formed as a secondary phase in the sintering of AIN. Yttria is added to AIN as a sintering aid and acts as an oxygen getter by reacting with the alumina in AIN to form YAG.

PREDICTION OF GLASS FORMATION BY SOLID STATE REACTION IN ALLOYS

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (C4) ◽  
pp. C4-111-C4-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. GALLEGO ◽  
J. A. SOMOZA ◽  
H. M. FERNANDEZ ◽  
J. A. ALONSO
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Glass Formation
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