Mixed Substrates: trans-and cis -[1-14C]Monounsaturated Fatty Acids with a Fairly Uniform Distribution of Positional Isomers

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingolf Richter ◽  
Kumar D. Mukherjee ◽  
Nikolaus Weber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Positional Isomers ◽  
Mixed Substrates ◽  
Argentation Chromatography ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Simple methods are described for the preparation of trans-[1-14C]monounsaturated fatty acids and cis -[1-14C]monounsaturated fatty acids, each with a fairly uniform distribution of positional isomers, which can serve as mixed substrates in biochemical studies. Methyl trans- [1-14C] octadecenoates and methyl trans-[1-14C] eicosenoates are prepared by partial catalytic hydrogenation of methyl [1-14C] linolenate and methyl [1-14C] arachidonate, respectively, follow ed by argentation chromatography of the partially hydrogenated products. Methyl trans-[1-14C] octadecenoates and methyl trans-[1-14C] eicosenoates, thus obtained, yield the corresponding methyl cis-[1-14C] octadecenoates and methyl cis-[1-14C] eicosenoates, respectively, after trans-cis equilibration and argentation chromatography. Hydrolysis of each of these methyl esters yields the fatty acids.

Lipids of the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) from North Atlantic waters. IV. Fin whale milk

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. A. Eaton ◽  
S. N. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Fatty acid compositions were determined for total lipid (17.5% of the milk and > 95% triglycerides), 2-monoglyceride obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of isolated triglyceride, and isolated phospholipid (~1% of total lipids). The total lipid fatty acids of the milk had a composition similar to fin whale depot fat but were enriched in hexadecanoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids at the expense of monoethylenic acids; correspondingly the iodine value of 136 (methyl esters) was higher than the normal range (105–120) of North Atlantic fin whale blubber oils. Over 80% of the fatty acids in the 2-position of the triglycerides were accounted for by relatively short chain fatty acids, especially hexadecanoic (54.6%), tetradecanoic (13.7%), and hexadecenoic (11.2%), so that the ester iodine value was only 48. The milk phospholipids had a fatty acid composition basically similar to that of liver phospholipids (methyl ester iodine value 120) with somewhat more polyunsaturated fatty acids and accordingly an iodine value of 144 for methyl esters.

scholarly journals Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Roberto Barone ◽  
Lorenzo De Napoli ◽  
Luciano Mayol ◽  
Marina Paolucci ◽  
Maria Grazia Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Galdieria Sulphuraria ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Mass

Algae have multiple similarities with fungi, with both belonging to the Thallophyte, a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms grouped together on the basis of similar characteristics, but not sharing a common ancestor. The main difference between algae and fungi is noted in their metabolism. In fact, although algae have chlorophyll-bearing thalloids and are autotrophic organisms, fungi lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophic, not able to synthesize their own nutrients. However, our studies have shown that the extremophilic microalga Galderia sulphuraria (GS) can also grow very well in heterotrophic conditions like fungi. This study was carried out using several approaches such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR). Results showed that the GS, strain ACUF 064, cultured in autotrophic (AGS) and heterotrophic (HGS) conditions, produced different biomolecules. In particular, when grown in HGS, the algae (i) was 30% larger, with an increase in carbon mass that was 20% greater than AGS; (ii) produced higher quantities of stearic acid, oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and ergosterol; (iii) produced lower quantities of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) such as methyl palmytate, and methyl linoleate, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and poyliunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). ATR-FTIR and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis confirmed that the macromolecular content of HGS was significantly different from AGS. The ability to produce different macromolecules by changing the trophic conditions may represent an interesting strategy to induce microalgae to produce different biomolecules that can find applications in several fields such as food, feed, nutraceutical, or energy production.

scholarly journals Characterization of the oils present in acid and fermented silages produced from Tilapia filleting residue

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Meire Vidotti ◽  
Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco ◽  
Giovani Sampaio Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The objective of this study was to determine the quality and composition of fatty acid in the lipid fraction of silages obtained from the residue of tilapia processing. Stratification of the lipid layer of the silages occurred at different times among the two types of silage (acid and fermented) and the greatest volume of oil was observed in acid silage (8.67% p/p). Although acid silage was more oxidized, it showed lower contents of free fatty acids probably because the degree of hydrolysis of its components is lower than that of fermented silage. Fatty acid composition did not differ among processes inasmuch as level of ϖ-3 was slightly higher in fermented silage. According to the degree of saturation, monounsaturated fatty acids stood out as the predominant category in acid and fermented silages with values of 39.69% and 33.39%, respectively. The use of antioxidants in the silage is needed because the process of production is carried out at temperatures higher than room temperature. The oil in the silages has excellent nutritional value and contains fatty acids essential for animal feeding.

scholarly journals Concentrating n-3 fatty acids from crude and refined commercial salmon oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pando Ma ◽  
B. Bravo ◽  
M. Berrios ◽  
A. Galdames ◽  
C. Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Refined Oil ◽  
Total Pufa

The urea complexation was used to concentrate n-3 fatty acids (FA) from crude and refined commercial salmon oils. The experimental procedure included salmon oil saponification, free fatty acid (FFA) collection, formation of urea-FFA inclusion complexes, extraction of free n-3 FA and further analysis by gas-liquid chromatography of the corresponding FA methyl esters. Differences between crude and refined salmon oil could be observed. Crude oil provided higher typical odour, viscosity and suspension particle values, whereas crude salmon oil showed higher FFA and impurities content while p-anisidine and iodine values, moisture content and formation of conjugated dienes and trienes did not provide any significant differences between both oils; refined oil showed lower a* and b* scores when compared to its counterpart crude oil. Related to the n-3 PUFA concentration, a decrease in saturated fatty acids C 14:0, C 16:0, and C 18:0 and monounsaturated fatty acids C 18:1 9c, and C 18:1 11c, as well as a high yield of n-3 PUFA, EPA+DHA and total PUFA recovering could be observed starting from both crude and refined oils, which confirmed salmon oil to be a profitable source of such highly valuable constituents. Factors such as reaction temperature and ureaFFA ratio showed to be markedly significant to achieve higher value concentrations.  

scholarly journals FATTY ACIDS CONTENT IN UNGURAHUA OIL (OENOCARPUS BATAUA) FROM ECUADOR. FINDINGS ON ADULTERATION OF UNGURAHUA OIL IN ECUADOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrillo W ◽  
Carpio C ◽  
Morales D ◽  
Álvarez M ◽  
Silva M
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Mass Selective Detector ◽  
A Value ◽  
Selective Detector ◽  
Fatty Acids Analysis

 Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acids composition in an ungurahua seeds oil (Oenocarpus bataua) sample cultivated in Ecuador and to determine eventual adulteration in the composition of commercial ungurahua oil.Methods: Oil was obtained from ungurahua seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was performed using the gas chromatography (GC) method with a mass selective detector and using the database library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from ungurahua (O. bataua) using the GC mass spectrometer analytical method. Ungurahua oil presented a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids with 82.03% of oleic acids. A fraud in the composition of fatty acids present in commercial ungurahua oil was found as fatty acids had a value of only 36.77% of oleic acids. The content of linoleic acid can be used to determine adulteration of this oil.Conclusions: Ungurahua seeds are a good source of monounsaturated and fatty acids. The content of oleic acid is higher than in olive oil. Ungurahua can help reducing cardiovascular diseases risk in Ecuador due to its good composition of monounsaturated fatty acids. Ungurahua oil is a good option to be used in the food industry for different uses.

Lumenal hydrolysis of menhaden and rapeseed oils and their fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 192-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-Y. Yang ◽  
A. Kuksis ◽  
J. J. Myher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Glycerol Molecule ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Long Chain

Simple alkyl (ethyl) esters of polyunsaturated fish oil fatty acids have been proposed as dietary supplements, but their relative efficiency of digestion and absorption have not been determined. Using stomach tubes, we gave rats menhaden or rapeseed oils, or the corresponding methyl and ethyl esters, and determined by chromatographic methods the lipid classes and molecular species recovered from the lumen of the jejunum during the first 1 to 2.5 h of digestion. Hydrolysis of menhaden oil resulted in a preferential retention of a high proportion of the polyunsaturated long chain acids in the sn-2-monoacylglycerols and in the residual triacylglycerols, while digestion of rapeseed oil led to a preferential release of free long chain monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, hydrolysis of the alkyl (methyl and ethyl) esters of the fatty acids of either menhaden or rapeseed oil resulted in a composition of free fatty acids which was much more representative of the original esters. It was therefore concluded that the differential lumenal liberation of the long chain and polyunsaturated (three or more double bonds) fatty acids from fish and rapeseed oil is largely due to their characteristic distribution between the primary and secondary positions in the glycerol molecule, and to a much lesser extent to a chain length discrimination by pancreatic lipase. This study also shows that the methyl and ethyl esters are hydrolyzed about 4 times more slowly than the corresponding triacylglycerols, which is sufficient to maintain a saturated micellar solution of fatty acids in the intestinal lumen during absorption.Key words: gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, total lipid profiles, micellar and oil phases.

scholarly journals GC/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids in Italian Dry Fermented Sausages

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Liguori ◽  
Emilia Lucia Belsito ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Gioia ◽  
Antonella Leggio ◽  
Francesca Malagrinò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Fermented Sausages ◽  
Dry Fermented Sausages

The present investigation reports a study about the evolution, during ripening, of the fatty acid profile and the fatty acid composition in acylglycerols of three different fermented sausages industrially produced in the Calabria region (Southern Italy). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was applied to the results obtained for the profiles to check all the differences between samples. The study comprised also an evaluation of the lipid oxidation level. All kind of sausages showed a free fatty acids profile in which the monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant, followed by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In acylglycerols, a low content in linoleic acid (approximately 2% of total methyl esters) was displayed, while that found in the free fatty acids profile was higher (approximately 17% of total FFAs). In addition, the generation of aldehydes through secondary lipid oxidation was clearly confirmed after long ripening period by classical qualitative colorimetric method supported by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The differences in fatty acids profiles observed in the free fatty acids and the acylglycerol fractions were certainly due to the high selectivity of lypase activity during the ripening.

Quantitation of trans fatty acids in milk fat using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Ulberth ◽  
Monika Henninger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Subtraction Technique ◽  
Argentation Chromatography ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acids

SummaryTrans fatty acids (TFA) formed during biohydrogenation by ruminant animals were quantified in cows' milk fat by means of Fourier transform i.r. (FTIR) spectroscopy. When samples were analysed as the derived methyl esters, a spectral subtraction technique resulted in TFA values that were not biased by the unspecific absorption of intact triacylglycerols or influenced by the shape of the trans band. Austrian milk fat samples contained 20–50 g TFA/kg. Results obtained by analysis of TFA as triacylglycerols compared favourably with those obtained by using methyl esters. The findings of the FTIR method were further substantiated by applying argentation chromatography in combination with capillary gas chromatography to the same set of samples. Besides trans monoenoic acids, non-methylene interrupted cis, trans octadecadienoic acids contributed significantly to the total trans content. Two novel TFA, trans-11, cis-15 octadecadienoic and cis-9, trans-13 octadecadienoic acids, were identified in milk fat by means of their retention behaviour on argentation chromatography and gas chromatography as well as by an oxidative degradation procedure.

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