Occurrence of Conjugated Polyenoic Fatty Acids in Seaweeds from the Indian Ocean

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Bhaskar ◽  
Tomohisa Kinami ◽  
Kazuo Miyashita ◽  
Si-Bum Park ◽  
Yasushi Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Conjugated Polyenes ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Three species of red marine macro algae (Rhodophyta) from the Indian Ocean were analysed for the occurrence of conjugated polyenes. The composition of different lipid classes in these seaweeds along with their fatty acid composition has also been reported. Analysis of lipid classes of these seaweeds revealed that both Acanthophora spicifera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) and two species of Gracilaria, viz. G. edulis and G. folifera (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) were rich in glycolipids followed by neutral- and phospholipids. The fatty acid composition of these seaweeds revealed C16:0 as the predominant fatty acid in all three species. However, A. spicifera had significantly higher amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) as compared to negligible amount of these fatty acids in both species of Gracilaria. The red seaweed Acanthophora spicifera contained conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (CEPA) and conjugated arachidonic acid (CAA) in all lipid classes except glycolipids.

scholarly journals Exposure to a Farm Environment During Pregnancy Increases the Proportion of Arachidonic Acid in the Cord Sera of Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Barman ◽  
Karin Jonsson ◽  
Agnes E. Wold ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Adrenic Acid

Growing up in a farm environment is protective against allergy development. Various explanations have been put forward to explain this association. Fatty acids are regulators of immune function and the composition of fatty acids in the circulation system may affect immune development. Here, we investigate whether the fatty acid composition of cord serum differs for infants born to Farm (n = 26) or non-Farm mothers (n =29) in the FARMFLORA birth-cohort. For comparison, the levels of fatty acids in the maternal diet, serum and breast milk around 1 month post-partum were recorded. The fatty acids in the cord sera from infants born to Farm mothers had higher proportions of arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and adrenic acid (22:4 n-6) than those from infants born to non-Farm mothers. No differences were found for either arachidonic acid or adrenic acid in the diet, samples of the serum, or breast milk from Farm and non-Farm mothers obtained around 1 month post-partum. The arachidonic and adrenic acid levels in the cord blood were unrelated to allergy outcome for the infants. The results suggest that a farm environment may be associated with the fatty acid composition to which the fetus is exposed during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profiles in adipose tissues and liver differ between horses and ponies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Adolph ◽  
Carola Schedlbauer ◽  
Dominique Blaue ◽  
Axel Schöniger ◽  
Claudia Gittel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractFatty acids, as key components of cellular membranes and complex lipids, may play a central role in endocrine signalling and the function of adipose tissue and liver. Thus, the lipid fatty acid composition may play a role in health and disease status in the equine. This study aimed to investigate the fatty acid composition of different tissues and liver lipid classes by comparing Warmblood horses and Shetland ponies under defined conditions. We hypothesized that ponies show different lipid patterns than horses in adipose tissue, liver and plasma. Six Warmblood horses and six Shetland ponies were housed and fed under identical conditions. Tissue and blood sampling were performed following a standardized protocol. A one-step lipid extraction, methylation and trans-esterification method with subsequent gas chromatography was used to analyse the total lipid content and fatty acid profile of retroperitoneal, mesocolon and subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver and plasma. In the adipose tissues, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (n-9 MUFAs) were most present in ponies and horses. N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), followed by SFAs, were most frequently found in liver tissue and plasma in all animals. Horses, in comparison to ponies, had significantly higher n-6 PUFA levels in all tissues and plasma. In liver tissue, horses had significantly lower hepatic iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) than ponies. The hepatic fatty acid composition of selected lipid classes was different between horses and ponies. In the polar PL fraction, horses had low n-9 MUFA and n-3 PUFA contents but higher n-6 PUFA contents than ponies. Furthermore, iso-BCFAs are absent in several hepatic lipid fractions of horses but not ponies. The differences in fatty acid lipid classes between horses and ponies provide key information on the species- and location-specific regulation of FA metabolism, thus affecting health and disease risk.

Determination of Fatty Acid Composition, Cholesterols, Triglyceride and Vitamin Contents of Some Selected Fishes from Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Arjina Parbin Sarkar ◽  
Sanjay Basumatary ◽  
Santanu Sarma ◽  
Sandeep Das
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Components

Background: Fishes are good sources of the fatty acids such as ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins for human consumption which play vital roles for various biological processes in the body and help in the proper growth and prevention of diseases. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the fatty acid composition, cholesterols, triglyceride and vitamin contents of some selected fishes from Hel river, Assam, India. Methods: Fatty acid composition of fish species was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, lipid components were determined following the reported methods and vitamins A and D contents were investigated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Fatty acid compositions varied from 51.20-89.47% of saturated fatty acids, 0.27-19.68% of monounsaturated fatty acids and 1.75-30.76% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid ranged from 0.54-22.30% and 1.26-18.85%, respectively. The fish species showed varying amounts of lipid components. The vitamins A and D were found in the range of 15.85-1287.0 μg/100 g and 45.0-677.24 μg/100 g, respectively. Conclusion: The fish species of this study are found rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid along with noticeable amounts of vitamins A and D. Hence, these fish species have the potentials to serve as the natural dietary supplements for ω-3 fatty acids and other nutrients.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary fatty acid composition on N-ethyl-N- nitrosourea-induced mammary tumour incidence in the rat and on the composition of inositol- and ethanolamine-phospholipids of normal and tumour mammary tissue

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christinem Williams ◽  
Karen Maunder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Maize Oil

This study has investigated the influence of dietary fatty acid composition on mammary tumour incidence in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-treated rats and has compared the susceptibility to dietary fatty acid modification of the membrane phospholipids phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from normal and tumour tissue of rat mammary gland. The incidence of mammary tumours was significantly lower in fish oil- (29%), compared with olive oil- (75%; P < 0.04) but not maize oil-(63%; P < 0.1) fed animals. No differences in PI fatty acid composition were found in normal or tumour tissue between rats fed on maize oil, olive oil or fish oil in diets from weaning. When normal and tumour tissue PI fatty acids were compared, significantly higher amounts of stearic acid (18:0) were found in tumour than normal tissue in rats given olive oil (P < 0.05). A similar trend was found in animals fed on maize oil, although differences between normal and tumour tissue did not reach a level of statistical significance (P < 0.1). In mammary PE, maize oil-fed control animals had significantly higher levels of linoleic acid (18:2n−6) than either olive oil- or fish oil-fed animals (P < 0.05, both cases) and levels of arachidonic acid were also higher in maize oil- compared with fish oil-fed animals (P < 0.05). In tumour-bearing animals no differences in PE fatty acid composition were found between the three dietary groups. When normal and tumour tissue PE fatty acids were compared, significantly lower amounts of linoleic acid (18:2n-6; P < 0.01) and significantly greater amounts of arachidonic acid (20:4n−6; P < 0.05) were found in tumour than normal tissue of rats fed on maize oil. The present study shows that the fatty acid composition of PI from both normal and tumour tissue of the mammary gland is resistant to dietary fatty acid modification. The PE fraction is more susceptible to dietary modification and in this fraction there is evidence of increased conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in tumour compared with normal tissue. Lower tumour incidence rates in rats given fish oils may in part be due to alteration in prostanoid metabolism secondary to displacement of arachidonic acid by eicosapentaenoic acid, but PE rather than PI would appear to be the most likely locus for diet-induced alteration in prostanoid synthesis in this tissue. Effects of dietary fatty acids other than on the balance of n−6 and n−3 fatty acids, and on prostanoid metabolism, should also be considered. The significance of increased stearic acid content of PI in tumours of olive oil-fed animals and the possible influence of dietary fatty acids on the capacity for stearic acid accumulation requires further study.

scholarly journals Inflammatory response to dietary linoleic acid depends on FADS1 genotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Lankinen ◽  
Alexander Fauland ◽  
Bun-ichi Shimizu ◽  
Jyrki Ågren ◽  
Craig E Wheelock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Limited Information

ABSTRACT Background The health benefits of substituting dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids are well known. However, limited information exists on how the response to dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n–6) is modified by polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster. Objectives The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that the FADS1 rs174550 genotype modifies the effect of dietary LA intake on the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids, fasting glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Methods Associations were investigated between genotype, plasma PUFAs, fasting glucose, and hsCRP concentrations in the cross-sectional, population-based Metabolic Syndrome in Men cohort (n = 1337). In addition, 62 healthy men from the cohort who were homozygotes for the TT or CC genotype of the FADS1 rs174550 were recruited to a 4-wk intervention (FADSDIET) with an LA-enriched diet. The fatty acid composition of plasma PUFAs and concentrations of plasma fasting glucose, serum hsCRP, and plasma lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related analogs) were measured at the beginning and end of the 4-wk intervention period. Results In the FADSDIET trial, the plasma LA proportion increased in both genotype groups in response to an LA-enriched diet. Responses in concentrations of serum hsCRP and plasma fasting glucose and the proportion of arachidonic acid (20:4n–6) in plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters differed between genotype groups (interaction of diet × genotype, P < 0.05). In TT homozygous subjects, plasma eicosanoid concentrations correlated with the arachidonic acid proportion in plasma and with hsCRP (r = 0.4–0.7, P < 0.05), whereas in the CC genotype there were no correlations. Conclusions Our findings show that the FADS1 genotype modifies metabolic responses to dietary LA. The emerging concept that personalized dietary counseling should be modified by the FADS1 genotype needs to be tested in larger randomized trials. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02543216.

scholarly journals Tissue lipids in calves suffering from muscular dystrophy

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritva Poukka
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Healthy Controls

1. Lipids of the heart muscle, skeletal muscle and liver were investigated in healthy calves and in calves suffering from enzootic muscular dystrophy with special regard to the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids and triglycerides. 2. Healthy young calves and older calves differed in the fatty acid composition of these tissues. The tissue phospholipids of healthy young calves contained less linoleic acid and more monounsaturated fatty acids than those of older calves. Of the saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid content tended to be higher in young calves and stearic acid content tended to be higher in older calves. 3. The stearic acid content of tissue triglycerides was lower in young calves than in older calves. 4. Fatty aldehydes were present in the phospholipid fraction of the heart muscle and of the skeletal muscle. Stearaldehyde content was higher in older calves than in young calves. 5. In calves with muscular dystrophy definite changes in the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids were found. In young calves the content of linoleic acid was higher and that of monounsaturated fatty acids lower in tissues of diseased animals than in the corresponding tissues of healthy controls. Both in young and older calves arachidonic acid content was higher in the degenerated areas of the skeletal muscle than in the healthy controls. 6. Possible relationships between the tocopherol and arachidonic acid contents of the tissues are discussed. 7. In the triglyceride fraction the differences between diseased and healthy tissues were less significant than in the phospholipid fraction in young calves. In older calves no significant differences were found. 8. An increase in lipid content was found in the degenerated areas of the skeletal muscle and a decrease in livers from diseased animals. An increase in free cholesterol was found in the degenerated areas of the skeletal muscle. The triglyceride content of livers from diseased animals was decreased. The relative proportion of phospholipids was less in skeletal muscle and higher in liver of diseased animals than in the corresponding tissues of healthy controls.

scholarly journals nalysis of Fatty Acid Composition in the Flesh of Boal (Wallagu Attu)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-481
Author(s):  
Pinak Dutta ◽  
Mita Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Nervonic Acid

The fatty acid composition of the muscle tissue of Wallagu attu found in Gangetic West Bengal, India was investigated to get an insight of its nutritional capacity. The fish muscle proved to be a rich source of both mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids. Of the saturated fatty acids Palmitic and Heneicosanoic acid is detected in considerable amount. Of the MUFA’s present Palmetoleic acid, Elaidic acid, Oleic acid and nervonic acid is found in good amount. Nutritionally important ω-6 PUFA’s like Linoleic acid and Arachidonic acid are found in the fish. EPA and DHA the two star ω-3 PUFA’s whose health benefits are beyond doubt are also detected in the fish. Wallagu attu is generally not farmed as it devours other fishes but considering its nutritional capacity and high market demands, its farming may prove beneficial for consumers and producers.

Oxylipin concentration, but not fatty acid composition, is altered in human donor milk pasteurised using both thermal and non-thermal techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Pitino ◽  
Shoug M. Alashmali ◽  
Kathryn E. Hopperton ◽  
Sharon Unger ◽  
Yves Pouliot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
Donor Milk

AbstractHuman donor milk (DM) is Holder pasteurised (62·5°C, 30 min) to ensure its microbiological safety for infant consumption. In low-resource settings, flash heating is used to pasteurise milk. Although there is considerable interest in non-thermal alternatives (high hydrostatic pressure processing (HHP) and UVC irradiation) for pasteurisation, their effect on the fatty acid composition is not well understood. Of particular interest is the effect of pasteurisation on the generation of oxylipins. DM from eight mothers containing bacteria >5 × 107 colony-forming units/l was used. In a paired design, each pool of milk underwent four pasteurisation techniques: Holder; flash heating; UVC (250 nm, 25 min) and HHP (500 MPa, 8 min). Fatty acids were quantified by GC-flame ionisation detection and oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid; 18-carbon PUFA (α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid) and EPA/DHA were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem MS in aliquots of raw and processed milk. There were no significant changes to the composition of fatty acids following all pasteurisation techniques compared with raw milk. The n-6:n-3 ratio remained constant ranging from 6·4 to 6·6. Several arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins were highest post-UVC and elevated post-HHP compared with raw milk. Several oxylipins derived from 18-carbon PUFA (linoleic and α-linolenic acids) were elevated in UVC-treated milk. EPA/DHA-derived oxylipins were on average, unaffected by pasteurisation. Although some PUFA-derived oxylipins were increased following UVC and HHP, no method affected the fatty acid composition of human DM. Further research is needed to determine if varying levels of oxylipins in human DM as a result of processing can potentially mediate cellular signalling; proliferation and apoptosis, especially important for preterm infant development.

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