Variation of Taxane Content in Needles of Taxus x media Cultivars with Different Growth Characteristics

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinkun Wang ◽  
Yinghua Huang ◽  
Andrew J. Mort ◽  
Yuhong Zeng ◽  
Charles G. Tauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Baccatin Iii ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Taxus X Media ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Group 1

AbstractNeedles from 17 different Taxus x media cultivars, belonging to 4 groups showing different growth characteristics, were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography for their content of 10-deacetylbaccatin III, baccatin III, cephalomannine and paclitaxel (Taxol®). The 4 Taxus x media cultivar groups were: 1.) medium to fast growing and upright form; 2.) slow growing and upright form; 3.) fast growing and spreading form; and 4.) slow growing and spreading form. The purpose of this study was to identify yew cultivars of fast growth rate, upright growth and high taxane content in their needles. The highest content of paclitaxel was found in ‘Coleana’ of group 1 (378 μg/g of the extracted dry weight). Three cultivars in group 1, ‘Coleana’, ‘Stovekenii’ and ‘Hicksii’, make good candidates for taxane extraction because of their high paclitaxel and 10-deacetylbaccatin III content, fast biomass accumulation and upright growing form. They are also good starting materials to develop alternative methods for the production of paclitaxel and its analogous compounds through modern biotechnology approaches.

Structural and physiological bases for effectivity of soybean nodules formed by fast-growing and slow-growing bacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lin ◽  
K. B. Walsh ◽  
D. T. Canvin ◽  
D. B. Layzell
Keyword(s):  
Infected Cell ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Nitrogenase Activities ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Fast Growing Rhizobia ◽  
Crosssectional Area

Five weeks after planting, the total dry weight of the association between the soybean cultivar Maple Arrow and the slow-growing rhizobia, Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 16, was 1.6 times that with the fast-growing rhizobia, Rhizobium fredii QB1130. In contrast, with the uncultivated variety, 'Peking', the USDA 16 association possessed only 0.58 of the dry weight of the QB1130 association. These growth characteristics could not be fully explained in terms of number or mass of nodules formed. Rather, the specific nodule activity (rate of H2 evolution in Ar–O2 per unit nodule mass) was lower in the poorly effective symbioses ('Maple Arrow' × QB1130; 'Peking' × USDA 16). Nodules of the less effective symbioses were characterized by large deposits of starch in the cortex and in uninfected cells of the central zone, a thick cortical zone, relatively less infected cell area in the central zone, and fewer bacteria per unit crosssectional area of infected cell. Therefore, there were fewer bacteria per nodule in these symbioses. When total nitrogenase activities were expressed per bacteroid number or per bacteroid volume, no significant differences were observed among the four symbioses. These results indicate that the poor effectivity of the 'Maple Arrow' × QB1130 and 'Peking' × USDA 16 symbioses was due to a limitation of either bacterial release from the infection thread or bacterial proliferation within the infected cells.

scholarly journals Genotypic traits and tradeoffs of fast growth in silver birch, a pioneer tree

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Mikola ◽  
Katariina Koikkalainen ◽  
Mira Rasehorn ◽  
Tarja Silfver ◽  
Ulla Paaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Competition ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Leaf N

AbstractFast-growing and slow-growing plant species are suggested to show integrated economics spectrums and the tradeoffs of fast growth are predicted to emerge as susceptibility to herbivory and resource competition. We tested if these predictions also hold for fast-growing and slow-growing genotypes within a silver birch, Betula pendula population. We exposed cloned saplings of 17 genotypes with slow, medium or fast height growth to reduced insect herbivory, using an insecticide, and to increasing resource competition, using naturally varying field plot grass cover. We measured shoot and root growth, ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal production using ergosterol analysis and soil N transfer to leaves using 15N-labelled pulse of NH4+. We found that fast-growing genotypes grew on average 78% faster, produced 56% and 16% more leaf mass and ergosterol, and showed 78% higher leaf N uptake than slow-growing genotypes. The insecticide decreased leaf damage by 83% and increased shoot growth, leaf growth and leaf N uptake by 38%, 52% and 76%, without differences between the responses of fast-growing and slow-growing genotypes, whereas root mass decreased with increasing grass cover. Shoot and leaf growth of fast-growing genotypes decreased and EM fungal production of slow-growing genotypes increased with increasing grass cover. Our results suggest that fast growth is genotypically associated with higher allocation to EM fungi, better soil N capture and greater leaf production, and that the tradeoff of fast growth is sensitivity to competition, but not to insect herbivory. EM fungi may have a dual role: to support growth of fast-growing genotypes under low grass competition and to maintain growth of slow-growing genotypes under intensifying competition.

scholarly journals Fast Preparation of High-Performance Wood Materials Assisted by Ultrasonic and Vacuum Impregnation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Mingyu Gao ◽  
Jinxin Wang ◽  
Hongbo Mu ◽  
Dawei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Ft Ir

In the absence of high-quality hardwood timber resources, we have gradually turned our attention from natural forests to planted fast-growing forests. However, fast-growing tree timber in general has defects such as low wood density, loose texture, and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, improving the performance of wood through efficient and rapid technological processes and increasing the utilization of inferior wood is a good way to extend the use of wood. Densification of wood increases the strength of low-density wood and extends the range of applications for wood and wood-derived products. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic and vacuum pretreatment on the properties of high-performance wood were explored by combining sonication, vacuum impregnation, chemical softening, and thermomechanical treatments to densify the wood; then, the changes in the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of poplar wood before and after treatment were analyzed comparatively by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and mechanical tests. The results showed that with ultrasonic pretreatment and vacuum impregnation, the compression ratio of high-performance wood reached its highest level and the MOR and MOE reached their maximums. With the help of this method, fast-growing softwoods can be easily prepared into dense wood materials, and it is hoped that this new material can be applied in the fields of construction, aviation, and automobile manufacturing.

scholarly journals Physiologically Active Compounds in Four Species of Phellinus

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja ◽  
Anna Maślanka ◽  
Agnieszka Szewczyk ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Indole Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Physiologically Active Compounds

The content of two groups of compounds with biological activity (non-hallucinogenic indole compounds and free phenolic acids) were analyzed in extracts of fruiting bodies of four species of Phellinus: P. igniarius, P. pini, P. pomaceus and P. robustus. The presence of indole compounds in methanolic extracts was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography coupled with densitometric detection. Three metabolites (serotonin, tryptamine, and L-tryptophan) were identified. The contents of individual indole compounds ranged from 1.70 (tryptamine in P. robustus) to 8.32 mg x 100 g1 dry weight (L-tryptophan in P. robustus). Four free phenolic acids were detected in methanolic extracts by the HPLC method. The total content ranged from 9.9 mg x 100 g1 DW (P. igniarius) to 32.5 mg x 100 g1 DW (P. robustus).

scholarly journals Studies on the Regulation of Algal Growth by Gibberellin

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Hypnea Musciformis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Amo 1618 ◽  
Slow Growing

CCC and Amo.1618, at relatively high concentrations only, inhibited the growth of excised branch apices of the red alga Hypnea musciformis. Neither GA3 nor GA7 stimulated growth of the alga in the presence or absence of these compounds, and gibberellin-like material extracted from H. musciformis also failed to stimulate growth. However, both gibberellins stimulated the growth of slow-growing, but not fast-growing, branch apices of the related red alga Gracilaria verucosa. It is concluded that endogenous gibberellins may not regulate the growth of H. musciformis, but this is likely to be a peculiarity of this species and not a general phenomenon in red algae.

Development and Achievements of SSM Processes for High Performance Components

2016 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Rosso ◽  
Ildiko Peter ◽  
Ivano Gattelli
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Front Suspension ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
High Level

During the last decades under the enthusiastic and competent guidance of Mr Chiarmetta SSM processes attained in Italy at Stampal Spa (Torino) an unquestionable high level of industrial development with the production of large numbers of high performance automotive parts, like variety of suspension support, engine suspension mounts, steering knuckle, front suspension wheel, arm and rear axle. Among the most highlighted findings SSM processes demonstrated their capability to reduce the existing gap between casting and forging, moreover during such a processes there are the opportunity to better control the defect level.Purpose of this paper is to highlight the research work and the SSM industrial production attained and developed by Mr G.L. Chiarmetta, as well as to give an overview concerning some alternative methods for the production of enhanced performance light alloys components for critical industrial applications and to present an analysis of a new rheocasting process suitable for the manufacturing of high performance industrial components.

Message-Passing-Interface MPI Parallelization of Iteratively Coupled Fluid Flow and Geomechanics Codes for the Simulation of System Behavior in Hydrate-Bearing Geologic Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiecheng Zhang ◽  
George Moridis ◽  
Thomas Blasingame
Keyword(s):  
Message Passing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Message Passing Interface ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Parallel Performance ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Linux Cluster ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
3D Problem ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The Reservoir GeoMechanics Simulator (RGMS), a geomechanics simulator based on the finite element method and parallelized using the Message Passing Interface (MPI), is developed in this work to model the stresses and deformations in subsurface systems. RGMS can be used stand-alone, or coupled with flow and transport models. pT+H V1.5, a parallel MPI-based version of the serial T+H V1.5 code that describes mass and heat flow in hydrate-bearing porous media, is also developed. Using the fixed-stress split iterative scheme, RGMS is coupled with the pT+H V1.5 to investigate the geomechanical responses associated with gas production from hydrate accumulations. The code development and testing process involve evaluation of the parallelization and of the coupling method, as well as verification and validation of the results. The parallel performance of the codes is tested on the Ada Linux cluster of the Texas A&M High Performance Research Computing using up to 512 processors, and on a Mac Pro computer with 12 processors. The investigated problems are: Group 1: Geomechanical problems solved by RGMS in 2D Cartesian and cylindrical domains and a 3D problem, involving 4x106 and 3.375 x106 elements, respectively; Group 2: Realistic problems of gas production from hydrates using pT+H V1.5 in 2D and 3D systems with 2.45x105 and 3.6 x106 elements, respectively; Group 3: The 3D problem in Group 2 solved with the coupled RGMS-pT+H V1.5 simulator, fully accounting for geomechanics. Two domain partitioning options are investigated on the Ada Linux cluster and the Mac Pro, and the code parallel performance is monitored. On the Ada Linux cluster using 512 processors, the simulation speedups (a) of RGMS are 218.89, 188.13, and 284.70 in the Group 1 problems, (b) of pT+H V1.5 are 174.25 and 341.67 in the Group 2 cases, and (c) of the coupled simulators is 331.80 in Group 3. The results produced in this work show the necessity of using full geomechanics simulators in marine hydrate-related studies because of the associated pronounced geomechanical effects on production and displacements and (b) the effectiveness of the parallel simulators developed in this study, which can be the only realistic option in these complex simulations of large multi-dimensional domains.

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