Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Type 1 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Li Sun ◽  
Chao Ouyang ◽  
Shanglong Kou ◽  
Shenghua Wang ◽  
Yunyi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

A full-length cDNA encoding a putative diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT; EC 2.3.1.20) was obtained from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. The 1524-bp open reading frame of this cDNA, designated as HaDGAT1, encodes a protein of 507 amino acids with a molecular mass of 58.5 kDa showing high homology to DGAT1 enzymes of other plants. The protein characters, such as a predicted structure with a long N-terminal hydrophilic domain followed by 9 transmembrane domains, acyl-CoA-binding signature, diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding and putative endoplasmic reticulum retrieval motifs (ER-DIR), also indicated that HaDGAT belongs to the DGAT1 family. HaDGAT1 is expressed in all plant tissues especially in developing seeds. Expression of recombinant HaDGAT1 in yeast showed an 1.76-fold increase of total fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid (enhanced by 86.6%) and oleic acid (enhanced by 81.6%).

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of thermophilicSynechococcusspp. isolates from Asian geothermal springs

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Jing ◽  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Stephen B. Pointing
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Geothermal Springs ◽  
Prolonged Culture ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Two thermophilic cyanobacterial strains, Ts and Bs, collected from Asian geothermal springs were identified morphologically and phylogenetically as Synechococcus in the order Chroococcales and were isolated into axenic cultures. In addition to the high similarities between their full 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains also shared similar pigment profiles and fatty acid compositions but with varied ratios. Strain Ts had elevated levels of photoprotective pigments such as carotenoid and scytonemin even after prolonged culture under identical laboratory conditions, whereas strain Bs produced more chlorophyll a per unit cell volume, perhaps resulting from UV adaptation in the natural habitats. In addition, strain Ts had more content than strain Bs in terms of the total fatty acids and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Neither isolate was able to fix nitrogen, and they had zero susceptibility to ampicillin and streptomycin.

DEVELOPMENT OF OIL IN THE SEED OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1481-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Hopkins ◽  
Mary J. Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Subsequent Conversion

Sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.) was collected from growing plants at weekly intervals. Analyses of the seed, the oil, and the fatty acids were made, the latter by gas chromatography. Oil formation began about 10 days after flowering and continued at a steady rate for 7 weeks. There was no evidence that any intermediate substance accumulated in the seed for subsequent conversion to oil.The weight of individual fatty acids per 100 seeds was determined at each stage of development. Except for one sample, the amount of each acid increased to maturity. Oleic acid accumulated most rapidly at first but at the mid-point of oil development it was overtaken by linoleic acid, which became the major component. The possibility that some oleic acid was converted to linoleic acid is discussed. The absence of any marked change in amounts of long-chain saturated acids suggests that they were not involved in the synthesis of the unsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Pistacia lentiscus Seeds’ Oil from Moroccan High Atlas Mountain

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Brahim Ait Mohand ◽  
Abderraouf El Antari ◽  
Fatiha Benkhalti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Pistacia lentiscus is an aromatic member of the Anacardiaceae family, endemic to the Mediterranean regions, which produces red and black oleaginous seeds in maturity. Our study focuses on the characterization of Pistacia lentiscus seed oils from three localities of High Atlas Mountain in the Azilal region of Morocco. Our results showed a very appreciable oil yield reaching more than 21% which clearly differs between the three sites studied (21.33 ± 0.17% in Boizoghrane, 15.22 ± 0.10% in Tighanimine, and 7.67 ± 0.29% in Tawjanizm locality); the analysis of the total fatty acids composition revealed a predominance of the unsaturated fatty acids represented essentially by the oleic and linoleic fatty acids, and also the triglyceride composition was dominated mainly by POO + SOL, POL + SLL + PoOP, and OOO. This potential of the chemical composition offers the possibility of producing nutraceutical oil, which represents a source of income capable of insisting vulnerable local populations to protect this species from deforestation, thus maintaining biodiversity, and to reduce by this interest the migratory flow from marginal areas.

Identification and characterization of two bisabolene synthases from linear glandular trichomes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., Asteraceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katharina Aschenbrenner ◽  
Moonhyuk Kwon ◽  
Jürgen Conrad ◽  
Dae-Kyun Ro ◽  
Otmar Spring
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Evidence for a novel pathway for the targeting of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxisomal protein belonging to the isomerase/hydratase family

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-544
Author(s):  
I.V. Karpichev ◽  
G.M. Small
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisomal Protein ◽  
Intracellular Targeting ◽  
Targeting Signals ◽  
Peroxisome Targeting Signals

We, and others, have identified a novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxisomal protein that belongs to the isomerase/hydratase family. The protein, named Dci1p, shares 50% identity with Eci1p, a delta(3)-cis-delta(2)-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase that acts as an auxiliary enzyme in the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Both of these proteins are localized to peroxisomes, and both contain motifs at their amino- and carboxyl termini that resemble peroxisome targeting signals (PTS) 1 and 2. However, we demonstrate that the putative type 1 signaling motif is not required for the peroxisomal localization of either of these proteins. Furthermore, the correct targeting of Eci1p and Dci1p occurs in the absence of the receptors for the type 1 or type 2 peroxisome targeting pathway. Together, these data suggest a novel mechanism for the intracellular targeting of these peroxisomal proteins.

scholarly journals The profile of plasma non-esterified fatty acids in children with different terms of type 1 diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Akmurzina ◽  
E.E. Petryairina ◽  
S.V. Saveliev ◽  
A.A. Selishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

Composition and quantitative content of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were investigated in plasma samples of healthy children (12) and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) (31) by gas chromatography (GC) after preliminary NEFA solid-phase extraction from plasma lipids. There was a significant (p<0.001) 1.6-fold increase in the total level of NEFA regardless of the disease duration. In the group of DM1 children with the disease period less than 1 year there was an increase in the arachidonic acid (20:4) content (30%) and the oleic acid trans-isomer (18:1) content (82%), and also a decrease in the docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n3) content (26% ) and the docosapentaenoic acids (22:5 n-6) content (60%). In the group of DM1 children with prolonged course of this disease the altered NEFA levels returned to the normal level

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of effective and ineffective strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae.

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1009
Author(s):  
S F Izmailov ◽  
G Y Zhiznevskaya ◽  
L V Kosenko ◽  
G N Troitskaya ◽  
N N Kudryavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Unsaturation Index ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Lower Molecular Mass

Chemical composition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from an effective (97) and ineffective (87) strains of R. l. viciae has been determined. LPS preparations from the two strains contained: glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, arabinose, heptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, quinovosamine, and 3-N-methyl-3,6-dideoxyhexose, as well as glucuronic, galacturonic and 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid. The following fatty acids were identified: 3-OH 14:0, 3-OH 15:0, 3-OH 16:0, 3-OH 18:0 and 27-OH 28:0. The ratio of 3-OH 14:0 to other major fatty acids in LPS 87 was higher that in LPS 97. SDS/PAGE profiles of LPS indicated that, in lipopolysaccharides, relative content of S form LPS I to that of lower molecular mass (LPS II) was much higher in the effective strain 97 than in 87. All types of polysaccharides exo-, capsular-, lipo, (EPS, CPS, LPS, respectively) examined possessed the ability to bind faba bean lectin. The degree of affinity of the host lectin to LPS 87 was half that to LPS 97. Fatty acids (FA) composition from bacteroids and peribacteroid membrane (PBM) was determined. Palmitic, stearic and hexadecenoic acids were common components found in both strains. There was a high content of unsaturated fatty acids in bacteroids as well as in PBM lipids. The unsaturation index in the PBM formed by strain 87 was lower than in the case of strain 97. Higher ratio of 16:0 to 18:1 fatty acids was characteristic for PMB of the ineffective strain.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of germinating Tunisian almond (Prunus Amygdalus Mill.) seedlings oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refka Dhouibi ◽  
◽  
Hanen Oueslati ◽  
Senda Bahri ◽  
Khaled Jabou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Almond Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Almonds (Prunus amygdalus) are a rich source of many essential nutrients. However, there is a lack of enough information on almond varieties' biochemical composition, especially at the germination stage. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the chemical components of the germinating Tunisian almonds. The study included determining the content of oils, proteins, fatty acids, and triglycerides during germination. Results indicated that the oleaginous seeds are rich in oil (55 to 65% of the dry mass) and crude protein (21.825 mg/mL). The dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids are oleic and linoleic acids which represent 64.53% and 24.38%, respectively, while palmitic acid is the most dominant saturated fatty acid with 7.65% of the total fatty acids. Also, the primary molecular types of triglycerides detected by L.C. analysis are triolein (32.3%) and dioleolinolein (24.0%), followed by palmitodiolein (12.5%) and oleodilinolein (12.6%.). The physico-chemical properties study revealed that almond oil remains stable, thus preserving its quality and nutritional value, even during transition from dormancy to germination. On the other hand, we also detected the presence of a lipolytic activity which is maximum on the 3rd day of germination (4.66 mUI). Our results indicate that almond oil plays an important role in human nutrition due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, and it is more stable than other oils.

scholarly journals Studies of the long-term regulation of hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase

1998 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mary SUGDEN ◽  
G. D. Lee FRYER ◽  
A. Karen ORFALI ◽  
A. David PRIESTMAN ◽  
Elaine DONALD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration

The administration of a low-carbohydrate/high-saturated-fat (LC/HF) diet for 28 days or starvation for 48 h both increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) activity in extracts of rat hepatic mitochondria, by approx. 2.1-fold and 3.5-fold respectively. ELISAs of extracts of hepatic mitochondria, conducted over a range of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities, revealed that mitochondrial immunoreactive PDHKII (the major PDHK isoform in rat liver) was significantly increased by approx. 1.4-fold after 28 days of LC/HF feeding and by approx. 2-fold after 48 h of starvation. The effect of LC/HF feeding to increase hepatic PDHK activity was retained through hepatocyte preparation, but was decreased on 21 h culture with insulin (100μ-i.u./ml). A sustained (24 h) 2-4-fold elevation in plasma insulin concentration in vivo (achieved by insulin infusion via an osmotic pump) suppressed the effect of LC/HF feeding so that hepatic PDHK activities did not differ significantly from those of (insulin-infused) control rats. The increase in hepatic PDHK activity evoked by 28 days of LC/HF feeding was prevented and reversed (within 24 h) by the replacement of 7% of the dietary lipid with long-chain ω-3 fatty acids. Analysis of hepatic membrane lipid revealed a 1.9-fold increase in the ratio of total polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids to total mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The results indicate that the increased hepatic PDHK activities observed in livers of LC/HF-fed or 48 h-starved rats are associated with long-term actions to increase hepatic PDHKII concentrations. The long-term regulation of hepatic PDHK by LC/HF feeding might be achieved through an impaired action of insulin to suppress PDHK activity. In addition, the fatty acid composition of the diet, rather than the fat content, is a key influence.

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