Oregano essential oil inhibits Candida spp. biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayram Hacioglu ◽  
Ozlem Oyardi ◽  
Alpcan Kirinti
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Oregano Oil ◽  
First Time

Abstract Candida spp. can form biofilms on mucosal surfaces and epithelial cells as well as on devices implanted in the body such as catheters and dentures, which are thought to underlie the most recalcitrant infections. It was aimed to show antifungal and antibiofilm activities of oregano oil (Origanum onites). The antifungal activities of some essential oils were investigated against C. spp. and among them, oregano oil was found to be the most effective oil and further biofilm studies were conducted with it. Oregano oil inhibited biofilm adhesion and formation of C. spp. and mature biofilms and also displayed the ability to reduce biofilm formation when they were allowed to form on surfaces previously coated with oil (up to 50% inhibition rates). In addition, oregano oil was found to be effective against dual biofilms of Candida albicans + Staphyloccocus aureus at different concentrations. This study suggests that O. onites essential oil has useful antibiofilm effects against C. spp. The inhibitory effects of O. onites essential oil, against C. spp., were demonstrated for the first time. It also had antifungal effect on biofilm formation and established biofilm even at MIC level.

Effect of Gamma Radiation and Oregano Essential Oil on Murein and ATP Concentration of Escherichia coli O157:H7

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2571-2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
STÉPHANE CAILLET ◽  
FRANÇOIS SHARECK ◽  
MONIQUE LACROIX
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Intracellular Atp ◽  
Oregano Oil

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation alone or in combination with oregano essential oil on the murein composition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and on the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of ATP. The bacterial strain was treated with three radiation doses: 0.4 kGy to induce cell damage, 1.1 kGy to obtain a viable but nonculturable state, and 1.3 kGy to cause cell death. Oregano essential oil was used at 0.006 and 0.025% (wt/vol), which is the MIC. All treatments had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on the murein composition, although some muropeptides did not seem to be affected by the treatment. Each treatment had a different effect on the relative percentage and number of muropeptides. There was a significant correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between the decrease in intracellular ATP and the increase in extracellular ATP following treatment of the cells with oregano oil. The reduction of intracellular ATP was even more important when oregano oil was combined with irradiation, but irradiation alone at a high dose (≤1.1 kGy) significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the internal ATP without affecting the external ATP. Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed that oregano oil and irradiation have an effect on cell wall structure.

scholarly journals Oregano Oil and Its Principal Component, Carvacrol, Inhibit HIV-1 Fusion into Target Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mediouni ◽  
J. A. Jablonski ◽  
S. Tsuda ◽  
A. Barsamian ◽  
C. Kessing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion ◽  
Envelope Membrane ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Oregano Oil ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Oregano essential oil has long been known for its health-promoting benefits. Here, we report its activity against viral replication. Oregano oil was found to specifically inhibit lentiviruses, such as human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), irrespective of virus tropism, but not hepatitis C virus, adenovirus 5 (ADV5), Zika virus, and influenza (H1N1) virus. Oregano oil’s most abundant components, carvacrol and its isomer, thymol, were shown to block virus-target cell fusion while not perturbing other stages of the virus life cycle. We detected changes in virus particle density, suggesting that cholesterol depletion from the HIV-1 envelope membrane reduces virus entry. Furthermore, infection was rescued by adding exogenous cholesterol. The evolution of viral resistance to carvacrol supported this mechanism of action with the identification of mutations in the viral gp41 fusion protein that counteracted cholesterol depletion. In addition, resistance to carvacrol emerged later than typically observed for other clinically used drugs, strengthening its antiviral potential. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed key motifs of carvacrol and thymol required for HIV neutralization and identified previously unknown active analogs. Carvacrol was also shown to additively cooperate with antiretroviral therapy. In sum, oregano oil and improved carvacrol and thymol analogs could be considered to supplement current HIV therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Oregano essential oil has multiple benefits in traditional medicine, cosmetics, and food industries. Carvacrol and its analog, thymol, are well-described components of oregano oil. Here, we show that these compounds inhibit HIV-target cell fusion independently of viral tropism. Our results suggest that carvacrol and thymol alter the cholesterol content of the viral membrane, blocking HIV-1 entry into the target cell. Resistance to carvacrol has selected for viruses with mutations in the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp41. This protein is known for its interaction with cholesterol present in membrane lipid rafts. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of therapies targeting the viral envelope membrane, and oregano oil is a safe supplement to antiretrovirals, potentially delaying disease progression and resistance development.

Effect of Gamma Radiation and Oregano Essential Oil on Murein and ATP Concentration of Listeria monocytogenes

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2961-2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
STÉPHANE CAILLET ◽  
MONIQUE LACROIX
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Oregano Oil

The effects of gamma radiation and of oregano essential oil alone or in combination with radiation on murein composition of Listeria monocytogenes and on the intracellular and extracellular concentration of ATP were evaluated. The bacterial strain was treated with two radiation doses, 1.2 kGy to induce cell damage and 3.5 kGy to cause cell death. Oregano essential oil was used at 0.020 and 0.025% (wt/vol), which is the MIC. All treatments had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on the murein composition, although some muropeptides did not seem to be affected by the treatment. Each treatment influenced differently the relative percentage and number of muropeptides. There was a significant correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between the reduction of intracellular ATP and increase in extracellular ATP, following treatment of the cells with oregano oil. The reduction of intra-cellular ATP was even more important when essential oil was combined with irradiation, but irradiation of L. monocytogenes alone induced a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) of the internal ATP without affecting the external ATP. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed that oregano oil and irradiation have an effect on cell wall structure.

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Citral and its Derivative against Microflora from Dental Plaque

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
S.V. Ambade ◽  
N.M. Deshpande ◽  
S.S. Kale ◽  
V.N. Ambade
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
First Time

Dental biofilms inhabit the oral cavity in form of dental plaque which then causes dental caries and periodontal diseases worldwide. Lemon grass essential oil (LGEO) has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against. This study represents the potential of citral and derivatives as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent against dental microflora. Three bacterial species chiefly responsible for biofilm formation, and five prime colonizer of dental plaque were selected to represent dental microflora. Citral and its derivative viz. citral semicarbazone, exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the selected organisms. For the first time, any citral derivative has ever demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the oral microflora. However, study could not established citral or its derivatives as more effective, powerful and better herbal material as compared to LGEO to control the oral microflora associated with dental plaque.

scholarly journals Effects of oregano, carvacrol and thymol on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Nostro ◽  
Andrea Sudano Roccaro ◽  
Giuseppe Bisignano ◽  
Andreana Marino ◽  
Maria A. Cannatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Planktonic Growth ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oregano essential oil, carvacrol and thymol on biofilm-grown Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, as well as the effects of the oils on biofilm formation. For most of the S. aureus (n=6) and S. epidermidis (n=6) strains tested, the biofilm inhibitory concentration (0.125–0.500 %, v/v, for oregano, and 0.031–0.125 %, v/v, for carvacrol and thymol) and biofilm eradication concentration (0.25–1.0 %, v/v, for oregano and 0.125–0.500 %, v/v, for carvacrol and thymol) values were twofold or fourfold greater than the concentration required to inhibit planktonic growth. Subinhibitory concentrations of the oils attenuated biofilm formation of S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains on polystyrene microtitre plates.

scholarly journals Effect of Distreptaza Distrept on the specific activity of fluconazole against Candida biofilms

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
N.O. Vrynchanu ◽  
N.I. Hrynchuk ◽  
V.V. Samsonova
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The One

The ability of yeast-like fungi to form biofilms (structurally organized microbial communities) leads to chronicity of the inflammatory process and recurrent course of mycoses. Biofilms formed by the fungus Candida spp. are characterized by increased resistance to most antifungals and effectors of the immune system. Promising antibiotics are enzymes. Their specificity to the structural components of the biofilm can be used to prevent biofilm formation and destruction of the formed biofilm. The article presents the results of studying the sensitivity biofilms formed by Candida fungi to the action of the enzyme drug Distreptaza Distrept, as well as its effect on the specific antifungal activity of fluconazole.Research objective: to evaluate the Distreptaza Distrept impact on the antifungal activity of fluconazole on biofilms of Candida spp.Materials and methods. One-day cultures of C. albicans and C. glabrata were used in the experiments. To study the effect on biofilm formation Distreptaza Distrept, fluconazole solutions and microorganisms were applied simultaneously, when exposed to the formed biofilms for 24 h after application of the fungal inoculum. The experiments were carried out in accordance with conventional methods based on the sorption of gentian violet by biofilm structures with subsequent desorption of the dye in an organic solvent.Results. Experiments have shown that Distreptaza Distrept disrupts the film formation of C. glabrata, the inhibition is 85.6%. The enzyme preparation affects the biofilms formed by yeast-like fungi, biomass of C. glabrata decreases by 43.6%. It was found that Distreptaza Distrept enhances the specific antibiotic action of fluconazole at the stage of film formation against C. albicans by 13.1%, C. glabrata by 70.4%. Biomass of the one-day biofilm formed by C. glabrata is reduced by 80.2% if there was an enzyme drug and fluconazole in the incubation medium.Conclusion. Distreptaza Distrept has antibiotic biofilm activity, increases the specific antifungal effect of fluconazole on biofilms of Candida fungi. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of this drug in recurrent infections caused by yeast-like fungi, including diseases caused by azole-resistant strains of Candida spp.

Origanum vulgare L. essential oil effect against Candida spp. biofilm formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Müller-Sepúlveda ◽  
Camila Cid ◽  
José A. Jara ◽  
Mario Díaz-Dosque ◽  
Alfredo Molina-Berríos
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Candida Spp

Antifungal Activity of Oregano and Thyme Essential Oils Applied as Fumigants Against Fungi Attacking Stored Grain

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
NACHMAN PASTER ◽  
MAZAL MENASHEROV ◽  
UZI RAVID ◽  
BENJAMIN JUVEN
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Thyme Essential Oil ◽  
Natural Microflora ◽  
Oregano Oil

Essential oils from oregano and thyme were applied for 24 h as fumigants against the mycelia and spores ofAspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ochraceus, as well as against natural microflora of wheat grains. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oregano oil needed to inhibit the mycelial growth of the fungi was 2.0 μl/L, while spores were eradicated following exposure to 2.0 to 2.5 μl/L. The thyme essential oil was less efficient in controlling mycelia and growth was observed even following exposure to 4.0 μl/L. However, the thyme essential oil was fungitoxic to spores (MIC = 3.0 μl/L). In another set of trials the efficacy of the oils and two of their constituents (carvacrol and thymol) in controlling natural microflora of surface-sterilized wheat grain was studied. Of the four materials investigated, only oregano essential oil exhibited fungicidal activity and, following 24 h exposure to 20 μl/L, a significant reduction in the percent of infested grain was observed even after 5 days of incubation on potato dextrose agar. A reduction in the germinability of the grains was evident following exposure to the materials tested. When the fungicidal activity of oregano essential oil was evaluated using grains with different moisture contents (MC), data revealed that the better inhibitory effect was achieved in grain with a high MC. The findings emphasize the toxicity of oregano and thyme essential oils as fumigants against fungi attacking stored grain and strengthen the possibility of using them as an alternative to chemicals for preserving stored grains.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Repellency of Origanum vulgare Essential Oil against Cimex lectularius under Laboratory Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Sharififard ◽  
Ismaeil Alizadeh ◽  
Elham Elham Jahanifard ◽  
Changlu Wang ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim Azemi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Oregano Oil

Background: The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius), a nocturnal blood-feeding ectoparasite, is considered an urban pest with public health importance in human environments. We aimed to determine the repellency effect of oregano essential oil, Origanum vulgare, against this pest under laboratory conditions. Methods: The essential oil was prepared from dried leaves using hydro-distillation method. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used for analysis and identification of oregano essential oil compounds. Treated surface method in Petri dish was carried out to evaluate repellency potential of the oil using 4th and 5th instar nymphs and adults. The concentration-repellency response of oregano essential oil was calculated and compared with a commercial insect repellent stick containing 33% N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). Results: The oregano essential oil consisted of 158 compounds with terpineol (22.85%) and α–terpinene (20.60%) being the major components by volume. The EC50 and EC99 of oregano oil (effective concentrations causing 50% and 90% repellency of bed bugs) were 1.61 and 6.57mg/cm2 at 9h after application, respectively. The 40% oregano es­sential oil exhibited 100% repellency against bed bug at 3, 5, 9 and 24h after application while the repellency index of DEET 33% was 100% at 3 and 5h and it decreased to 80% and 27% at 9 and 24 hours. Conclusion: Oregano oil 40% exhibited more repellency compared to commercial insect repellent stick containing 33% DEET. Further studies are warranted to confirm the effectiveness of oregano essential oil in personal protecting against bed bug biting.  

scholarly journals Development of Active Biodegradable Films: Starch Films Incorporated with Starch Nanoparticles and Oregano Essential Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Karina Lizzeth Pedraza Galván ◽  
Lucas Guimarães Cardoso ◽  
Janaina De Carvalho Alves ◽  
Madian Johel Galo Salgado ◽  
Pedro Paulo Lordelo Guimarães Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽  
Starch Nanoparticles ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Oregano Oil

The present study aimed to develop biodegradable starch films with starch nanoparticles incorporated with oregano essential oil – OEO (Origanum vulgare), for application as active packaging in food preservation. Film production was performed using the casting method. Three concentrations of oregano essential oil (0.0%, 5.0% and 10%) were studied. The physical and mechanical properties of the films produced were also evaluated. For analysis of antimicrobial efficiency, the methodologies of CLSI and APHA were used. The incorporation of essential oregano oil influenced the performance of the films. The films with 5.0% and 10% OEO showed antimicrobial efficiency when compared to the control.

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