Effect of Gamma Radiation and Oregano Essential Oil on Murein and ATP Concentration of Escherichia coli O157:H7

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation alone or in combination with oregano essential oil on the murein composition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and on the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of ATP. The bacterial strain was treated with three radiation doses: 0.4 kGy to induce cell damage, 1.1 kGy to obtain a viable but nonculturable state, and 1.3 kGy to cause cell death. Oregano essential oil was used at 0.006 and 0.025% (wt/vol), which is the MIC. All treatments had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on the murein composition, although some muropeptides did not seem to be affected by the treatment. Each treatment had a different effect on the relative percentage and number of muropeptides. There was a significant correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between the decrease in intracellular ATP and the increase in extracellular ATP following treatment of the cells with oregano oil. The reduction of intracellular ATP was even more important when oregano oil was combined with irradiation, but irradiation alone at a high dose (≤1.1 kGy) significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the internal ATP without affecting the external ATP. Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed that oregano oil and irradiation have an effect on cell wall structure.

Download Full-text

Effect of Gamma Radiation and Oregano Essential Oil on Murein and ATP Concentration of Listeria monocytogenes

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-69.12.2961 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 2961-2969 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

STÉPHANE CAILLET ◽

MONIQUE LACROIX

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Electron Microscopic Observation ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Oregano Oil

The effects of gamma radiation and of oregano essential oil alone or in combination with radiation on murein composition of Listeria monocytogenes and on the intracellular and extracellular concentration of ATP were evaluated. The bacterial strain was treated with two radiation doses, 1.2 kGy to induce cell damage and 3.5 kGy to cause cell death. Oregano essential oil was used at 0.020 and 0.025% (wt/vol), which is the MIC. All treatments had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on the murein composition, although some muropeptides did not seem to be affected by the treatment. Each treatment influenced differently the relative percentage and number of muropeptides. There was a significant correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between the reduction of intracellular ATP and increase in extracellular ATP, following treatment of the cells with oregano oil. The reduction of intra-cellular ATP was even more important when essential oil was combined with irradiation, but irradiation of L. monocytogenes alone induced a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) of the internal ATP without affecting the external ATP. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed that oregano oil and irradiation have an effect on cell wall structure.

Download Full-text

Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Carum copticum and its Antibacterial Effect on Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli O157:H7

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation ◽

10.1111/jfpp.12938 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. e12938 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maryam Mahmoudzadeh ◽

Hedayat Hosseini ◽

Farzaneh Shahraz ◽

Afshin Akhondzadeh-Basti ◽

Amin Mousavi Khaneghah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Carum Copticum

Download Full-text

Potential Application of Ziziphora Clinopodioides Essential Oil and Nisin as Natural Preservatives Against Bacillus Cereus and Escherichia Coli O157: H7 in Commercial Barley Soup

Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.1111/jfs.12257 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 435-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yasser Shahbazi ◽

Nassim Shavisi ◽

Ehsan Mohebi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Potential Application ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Natural Preservatives

Download Full-text

Growth Inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes by Carvacrol and Eugenol Encapsulated in Surfactant Micelles

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.12.2559 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 2559-2566 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

SYLVIA GAYSINSKY ◽

P. MICHAEL DAVIDSON ◽

BARRY D. BRUCE ◽

JOCHEN WEISS

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Surfactant Concentration ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Surfactant Micelles ◽

E Coli ◽

Oil Components

Growth inhibition of four strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (H1730, F4546, 932, and E0019) and Listeria monocytogenes (Scott A, 101, 108, and 310) by essential oil components (carvacrol and eugenol) solubilized in nonionic surfactant micelles (Surfynol 465 and 485W) was investigated. Concentrations of encapsulated essential oil components ranged from 0.02 to 1.25% depending on compound, surfactant type, and surfactant concentration (0.5 to 5%). Eugenol encapsulated in Surfynol 485W micelles was most efficient in inhibiting growth of the pathogens; 1% Surfynol 485W and 0.15% eugenol was sufficient to inhibit growth of all strains of E. coli O157:H7 and three of four strains of L. monocytogenes (Scott A, 310, and 108). The fourth strain, L. monocytogenes 101, was inhibited by 2.5% Surfynol and 0.225% eugenol. One percent Surfynol 485W in combination with 0.025% carvacrol was effective in inhibiting three of four strains of E. coli O157:H7. Strain H1730 was the most resistant strain, requiring 0.3% carvacrol and 5% surfactant for complete inhibition. Growth inhibition of L. monocytogenes by combinations of carvacrol and Surfynol 465 ranged between 0.15 and 0.35% and 1 and 3.75%, respectively. Generally, the antimicrobial activity of Surfynol 465 in combination with eugenol was higher than that for the combination with carvacrol. The potent activity was attributed to increased solubility of essential oil components in the aqueous phase due to the presence of surfactants and improved interactions of antimicrobials with microorganisms.

Download Full-text

Treatment Effect of Oregano Essential Oil in Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli O27 with Emphasis on Hemogram, Serum Biochemistry, and Histopathology of Vital Organs

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.21608/ejchem.2021.86333.4181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Waleed Abu El Hammed ◽

Hamdy Soufy ◽

A. EL-Shemy ◽

Soad Nasr ◽

Mohamed Dessouky

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Treatment Effect ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Download Full-text

Oregano Oil and Its Principal Component, Carvacrol, Inhibit HIV-1 Fusion into Target Cells

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00147-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 (15) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Mediouni ◽

J. A. Jablonski ◽

S. Tsuda ◽

A. Barsamian ◽

C. Kessing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Cell Fusion ◽

Target Cell ◽

Viral Envelope ◽

Target Cells ◽

Cholesterol Depletion ◽

Envelope Membrane ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Oregano Oil ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Oregano essential oil has long been known for its health-promoting benefits. Here, we report its activity against viral replication. Oregano oil was found to specifically inhibit lentiviruses, such as human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), irrespective of virus tropism, but not hepatitis C virus, adenovirus 5 (ADV5), Zika virus, and influenza (H1N1) virus. Oregano oil’s most abundant components, carvacrol and its isomer, thymol, were shown to block virus-target cell fusion while not perturbing other stages of the virus life cycle. We detected changes in virus particle density, suggesting that cholesterol depletion from the HIV-1 envelope membrane reduces virus entry. Furthermore, infection was rescued by adding exogenous cholesterol. The evolution of viral resistance to carvacrol supported this mechanism of action with the identification of mutations in the viral gp41 fusion protein that counteracted cholesterol depletion. In addition, resistance to carvacrol emerged later than typically observed for other clinically used drugs, strengthening its antiviral potential. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed key motifs of carvacrol and thymol required for HIV neutralization and identified previously unknown active analogs. Carvacrol was also shown to additively cooperate with antiretroviral therapy. In sum, oregano oil and improved carvacrol and thymol analogs could be considered to supplement current HIV therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Oregano essential oil has multiple benefits in traditional medicine, cosmetics, and food industries. Carvacrol and its analog, thymol, are well-described components of oregano oil. Here, we show that these compounds inhibit HIV-target cell fusion independently of viral tropism. Our results suggest that carvacrol and thymol alter the cholesterol content of the viral membrane, blocking HIV-1 entry into the target cell. Resistance to carvacrol has selected for viruses with mutations in the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp41. This protein is known for its interaction with cholesterol present in membrane lipid rafts. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of therapies targeting the viral envelope membrane, and oregano oil is a safe supplement to antiretrovirals, potentially delaying disease progression and resistance development.

Download Full-text

Oregano Essential Oil Induces SOD1 and GSH Expression through Nrf2 Activation and Alleviates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in IPEC-J2 Cells

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2016/5987183 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yi Zou ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Jian Peng ◽

Hongkui Wei

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Target Genes ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Related Factor ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Protein Levels

Oregano essential oil (OEO) has long been used to improve the health of animals, particularly their intestinal health. The health benefits of OEO are generally attributed to antioxidative actions, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate the antioxidative effects of OEO and their underlying molecular mechanisms in porcine small intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. We found that OEO treatment prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure increased cell viability and prevented lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium. H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were remarkably suppressed by OEO. OEO dose-dependently increased mRNA and protein levels of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) target genes Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and g-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC, GLCM), as well as intracellular concentrations of SOD1 and glutathione. OEO also increased intranuclear expression of Nrf2 and the activity of an antioxidant response element reporter plasmid in IPEC-J2 cells. The OEO-induced expression of Nrf2-regulated genes and increased SOD1 and glutathione concentrations in IPEC-J2 cells were reduced by Nrf2 small interfering (si) RNAs, counteracting the protective effects of OEO against oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results suggest that OEO protects against H2O2-induced IPEC-J2 cell damage by inducing Nrf2 and related antioxidant enzymes.

Download Full-text