Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de Nicaragua

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1092
Author(s):  
Enrique Pato
Keyword(s):  
Central American ◽  
American Variety ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nicaraguan Spanish ◽  
Informal Settings

Abstract This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic features found in present Nicaraguan Spanish, a lesser known Central American variety despite being the subject of one of the pioneering dialectological studies on Spanish (Barreto 1893). With the help of text corpora and sociolinguistic surveys, an updated grammatical overview is provided, which takes into account most categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions (coordinators, subordinators, among others), and illustrates with examples taken from both formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features ―such as the use of medio as an agreeing adjective instead of an adverb particle― as well as some specific patterns ―such as the prominence of ‑udo/‑uda and ‑oso/‑osa suffixes― in present-day Nicaraguan Spanish, some of which remain to be incorporated in the Academy grammar.

Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de Panamá

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 1042-1073
Author(s):  
Enrique Pato
Keyword(s):  
Central American ◽  
American Variety ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Informal Settings

Abstract This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic features found in present Panamanian Spanish, a lesser known Central American variety. Text corpora and linguistic surveys help us to provide an updated grammatical overview, which takes into account most categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions, illustrates with examples taken from both formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features ―such as the use of medio as an agreeing adjective instead of an adverb― as well as some specific patterns ―such as the prominence of -azón and -azo suffixes― in present-day Panamanian Spanish, some of which forms remain to be incorporated in the Academy dictionary.

Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de Honduras

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-182
Author(s):  
Enrique Pato
Keyword(s):  
Central American ◽  
American Variety ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Informal Settings

Abstract This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic (and lexical) features found in present Honduran Spanish, a lesser-known Central American variety. Text corpora and sociolinguistic surveys help us to provide an updated grammatical overview, which takes into account most categories: nouns and adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions, and illustrates with examples taken both from formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features ―such as the use of con todo y and the pluralization of impersonal haber― as well as some specific patterns ―such as the prominence of -ada and -eco suffixes, algotro pronoun and expletive lo― in present-day Honduran Spanish, some of which remain to be incorporated in the Academy grammar.

A Missed Opportunity for Community Engagement and Data Collection

2022 ◽  
pp. 219-235
Author(s):  
Abdulhamid Hathiyani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Informal Settings ◽  
Missed Opportunity

This research is a case study that explores the dissemination and learnings of information which takes place in a diaspora organization in Toronto, the Kutchi Cultural Association. As a community of first-generation immigrants in Canada, the informal settings and learnings within this organization play an important role in their settlement process and build a sense of shared efficacy. The diaspora gatherings become the quintessential point of community engagement where knowledge is transferred and shared. This exploratory research discovers how information and learnings flow both within the organization as well as with mainstream institutions such as the libraries, archives, and museums. It highlights a missed opportunity for mainstream institutions of engaging such diaspora organizations that play a significant role in the sharing and gathering of information, albeit veiled and unaccounted for through official means and calls for more extensive research on the subject.

scholarly journals The Diffusion of Labour Standards: The Case of the US and Guatemala

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Van Roozendaal
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Central American ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Subject

The number of free trade agreements (FTAs) concluded by the United States of America (US) has grown vastly over the past two decades. While FTAs contribute to increased global competition and as such may also contribute to socially-undesirable practices in the area of working conditions and the environment, the proliferation in FTAs has paradoxically also augmented the potential for making free trade more fair as some of these agreements now include labour provisions. However, the question is whether these trade agreements have also actually diffused internationally recognised labour standards. This article studies the FTA the US signed in 2004 with a number of Central American countries and which, at a later stage, also included the Dominican Republic. This FTA is commonly referred to as CAFTA-DR and includes a chapter on labour standards. The article argues that the effects of the inclusion of labour standards in CAFTA-DR have been limited and therefore should be viewed as an unsuccessful attempt at policy transfer. This is illustrated by the case of Guatemala, a country known for its lack of respect for labour standards and which is currently the subject of a complaints procedure under the CAFTA-DR. It is maintained that this lack of effectiveness is the result of many factors. Among these is the weakness of the labour chapter of CAFTA-DR resulting from the fact that the chapter is the outcome of bargaining processes both within the US and between the US and Guatemala, where symbolic results were valued more highly than actual substance.

scholarly journals Nineteenth Century Navies Role in Developing an understanding of the Pacific Coast of Central America

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Jorge León Sáenz
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Central American ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Navies, apart from their traditional use by nations as instruments for the projection of power, for the protection of maritime interests and for exercising peacekeeping and war activities, have also had an important role in developing scientific and technical knowledge.  The survey work undertaken by various navies since the 18th century, has in particular been of great benefit in improving and making navigation safer on high seas and coasts, through the provision of maritime charts and sailing directions, to all mariners.  The technical efforts and geopolitical interests behind those efforts in the 19th century and how they affected the maritime trade and foreign affairs of the Central American countries located on the Pacific Coast are the subject of this study.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Yogita Goyal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The epilogue turns to current surveys of the cultural landscape of slavery, concluding that even as widespread ignorance about the history of the institution continues, many readers express fatigue with the subject of trauma. Considering the scene of the classroom alongside persistent analogies to slavery in media coverage of Central American refugees seeking asylum in the United States in 2018, the epilogue urges a new comparative literacy that allows us to understand convergences with the global present alongside differences from the Atlantic past.

SEMANTICS OF GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTION: CORPUS AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECT

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
V. V. Zhukovska
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
State Process ◽  
Grammatical Construction ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Subject

Recently, much research in linguistics has become increasingly interested in the use of new methods and tools to analyze authentic linguistic data provided by text corpora. One of the most reliable corpus-based methods is the collostruction analysis, developed by A. Stefanowitsch and S. Th. Gries. Through statistical corpus analysis, this method examines semantics of grammatical construction by measuring the degree of mutual association/ repulsion between a construction and lexical items flling its main slot. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of applying the collostructional analysis to study semantics of one type of the English unaugmented detached construction with explicit subject, a non-fnite construction of a binary structure consisting of a (pro)nominal subject and Participle I as a predicate, as in [ВКЕС [Subj cheeks][Pred burning suddenly]]. Using R statistical software and the script for the collostructional analysis on empirical data drawn from the BNC-BYU corpus, we identify verbs, which reveal signifcant attraction to the predicate slot. The semantic analysis of the most strongly attracted verbs allows determining the semantic verb classes most closely associated with the given construction. It appears that the construction particularly attracts verbs involving the body, verbs of emission, verbs of motion, verbs of existence, touch verbs, and verbs of perception. These verbs belong to the aspectual classes of state and process. The analysis proves that the semantics of the construction [ВКЕС with-less[Subj general noun][Verb Participle І]] sets restrictions on flling its predicate slot with only those verbs whose arguments are compatible with the semantic roles defned by the construction. In its prototypical meaning the analyzed detached construction verbalizes a scenario in which Agent (the subject of the matrix clause) has a Partitive (the subject of the construction) in State/ Process (expressed by the predicate of the construction — Participle I). The evidence from the study suggests that the collostructional analysis substantially advances our understanding of grammatical constructions and their meaning. Clearly, these are only preliminary fndings and further studies regarding collostructional semantics of other types of English detached constructions with explicit subject would be worthwhile.

Ecology of two species of echimyid rodents (Hoplomys gymnurus and Proechimys semispinosus) in central Panamá

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Adler ◽  
David C. Tomblin ◽  
Thomas D. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Range ◽  
Central American ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical Lowland Forest ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Proechimys Semispinosus ◽  
Central Panama

The family Echimyidae is one of the most widely distributed rodent families in the Neotropics. Virtually every tropical lowland forest contains at least one echimyid species, and many areas contain half a dozen or more species. The commonest terrestrial representatives of the family are within the genus Proechimys, and several species such as Proechimys semispinosus (Central American spiny rat) have been the subject of intensive ecological studies (e.g. Adler 1994, 1996; Adler & Beatty 1997, Alberico & Gonzalez 1993, Fleming 1971, Gliwicz 1984, Gonzalez-M. & Alberico 1993). P. semispinosus is often the most abundant rodent throughout its geographic range in Central America and northwestern South America, and its ecology is now fairly well-known.

Soviet “New Thinking” and the Central American Crisis

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Voytek Zubek
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Central American ◽  
The West ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Domestic Policies

A revolution can only be legitimate if it is capable of defending itself(Lenin, Sochinenia).While it is Still too Early to draw decisive conclusions about the ongoing process of reform in the USSR, there are some observations that might safely be made. Glasnost has generally come to be viewed as a profound attempt to re-evaluate a number of time-honored principles of Marxism-Leninism before the actual undertaking of perestroika (policy reform) itself. If the scope and potential success of perestroika are the subject of heated scholarly debate in the West, a consensus holds that, thus far, a process of rethinking, re-evaluating, and transforming approaches to domestic policies in the USSR lie at its core. In light of the importance of the reform for the evolution of the Soviet domestic system, its influence upon the conduct of Soviet foreign policy represents an intriguing area for examination.

Bishop Marroquin–Zumárraga’s Gift to Central America

1949 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Lázaro Lamadrid
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
New World ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Central American ◽  
Good Sense ◽  
Solid Bases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moderate Position

In the History of the Central American hierarchy there is no personality so highly praised and so little disputed as that of Don Francisco Marroquín, the first Bishop of Guatemala. His good sense, activity and zeal for the conversion of the natives, and his interest in the culture, moral welfare and progress of the incipient province rest upon solid bases in the reports and eulogies of documents and historians, although, strangely enough, he has never been the subject of a full-length biography.No less praiseworthy was his moderate position as to the very serious problem which confronted Spain, and which she herself posed for consideration and decision, from the very beginnings of the colonization and pacification of the New World—namely, the problem of what treatment should be accorded to the natives.

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