Yeísmo in Majorcan Spanish: phonetic variation in a bilingual context

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-441
Author(s):  
Assumpció Rost Bagudanch
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Allophonic Variation

Abstract This article addresses a particular characteristic of the variety of Spanish spoken in Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain): the /ʎ/-/j/ merger (yeísmo). This island is home to a Catalan-Spanish bilingual community, meaning that Spanish speakers are in close contact with a system (Balearic Catalan) which is supposed to largely retain the /ʎ/-/j/ contrast. Given this context, our focus is to acoustically verify whether there is an interference from Balearic Catalan to Spanish in the sense of inhibiting yeísmo or, at least, favouring phonetic realisations other than those found in mainland Spanish. Our study concludes that a transfer in terms of allophonic variation does exist: in Majorcan Spanish lenited sounds ([i̯], [j]) are more common than in mainland Spanish.

scholarly journals The perception of voice-initiating gestures

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Josep Solé
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Reaction Time Analysis ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Sound Patterns

AbstractThis study examines how variation in production is perceived and then (re)interpreted by listeners, thus providing the link between phonetic variation and sound change. We investigate whether listeners can detect the nasal leak that may accompany utterance-initial voiced stops in Spanish, and reinterpret it as a nasal segment. Such reinterpretation may account for a number of sound patterns involving emergent nasals adjacent to voiced stops in oral contexts. Oral pressure, nasal/oral airflow, and audio were recorded for utterance-initial /b d p t/ produced by 10 Spanish speakers. Tokens showing different degrees of nasal leak (nasal C, maximum, medium, and no nasal leak) were placed intervocalically, where both /C/ and /NC/ may occur. The stimuli were presented to Spanish listeners for identification as /VNCV/ or /V(C)CV/. Identification results indicate a higher number of VNCV responses with incremental changes in nasal leak in voiced but not voiceless stimuli. Reaction time analysis showed shorter latencies to nasal identification for larger velum leak stimuli. The results suggest that listeners can `hear' the nasal leak and fail to relate it to voicing initiation, interpreting a nasal segment. Thus a gesture aimed at facilitating voicing initiation may be interpreted as a new target goal.

PHONETIC VARIATION IN CATALAN: THE NEW DICCIONARI DE LA PRONÚNCIA CATALANA (DPC)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Joan Julià-Muné ◽  
Imma Creus
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
North Western ◽  
Pronunciation Dictionary

The forthcoming Diccionari de la pronúncia catalana (DPC) aims to represent the recommended pronunciations and the pronunciations in common use of the four varieties of Catalan as spoken in Spain, that is, North Western, Valencian, Central, and Balearic. Compiled in collaboration with phoneticians from the Valencian area and the Balearic Islands, it contains about 170,000 entries and over 750,000 pronunciations, more than 10,000 of which have been verified through usage polls. The culmination of over fifteen years’ work, the dictionary is modelled mainly on J.C. Wells’ Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (1990; 2000, 2nd ed.) for English. The DPC includes a full general vocabulary as well as literary, scientific and technological terms (covering computing, law, medicine, and communications), and specific vocabulary of the four Catalan varieties. It also contains Catalan and foreign proper names (people, places, commercial, artistic, etc.), loanwords and neologisms, as well as abbreviations, acronyms, and onomatopoeias. In addition the DPC includes biographical and terminological information relating to the phonetic sciences.

Cultural Identity and Catalan Language Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-227
Author(s):  
Xènia Escolano
Keyword(s):  
Language Planning ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
Historical Presence

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the current situation of Catalan as a factor that aids the construction of identity in the areas where language has a long historical presence and has been used as primary language. This introduces a qualitative variable from a sociolinguistic point of view: linguistic identity in the context of languages in contact. This chapter will focus specifically on the Spanish areas where Catalan is spoken and is an official language: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community. It will also analyse the influence of language planning—especially carried out within the educational system—on the maintenance of Catalan language as a vehicle of communication, considering the acquisition of Catalan by Spanish speakers from the above-mentioned areas.

Ultrastructure of Liver in Lactosyl Ceramidosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
Z. Hruban ◽  
J. R. Esterly ◽  
G. Dawson ◽  
A. O. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Bile Canaliculi ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Marginal Plates ◽  
Membranous Material ◽  
Perichromatin Granules

Samples of a surgical liver biopsy from a patient with lactosyl ceramidosis were fixed in paraformaldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Hepatocytes (Figs. 1, 2) contained 0.4 to 2.1 μ inclusions (LCI) limited by a single membrane containing lucid matrix and short segments of curved, lamellated and circular membranous material (Fig. 3). Numerous LCI in large connective tissue cells were up to 11 μ in diameter (Fig. 2). Heterogeneous dense bodies (“lysosomes”) were few and irregularly distributed. Rough cisternae were dilated and contained smooth vesicles and surface invaginations. Close contact with mitochondria was rare. Stacks were small and rare. Vesicular rough reticulum and glycogen rosettes were abundant. Smooth vesicular reticulum was moderately abundant. Mitochondria were round with few cristae and rare matrical granules. Golgi complex was seen rarely (Fig. 1). Microbodies with marginal plates were usual. Multivesicular bodies were very rare. Neutral lipid was rare. Nucleoli were small and perichromatin granules were large. Small bile canaliculi had few microvilli (Fig. 1).

Electron microscopy study of shock synthesis of silicides

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1162-1163
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Porous Powder ◽  
Wave Effects ◽  
Wave Passage

Shock-induced reactions (or shock synthesis) have been studied since the 1960’s but are still poorly understood, partly due to the fact that the reaction kinetics are very fast making experimental analysis of the reaction difficult. Shock synthesis is closely related to combustion synthesis, and occurs in the same systems that undergo exothermic gasless combustion reactions. The thermite reaction (Fe2O3 + 2Al -> 2Fe + Al2O3) is prototypical of this class of reactions. The effects of shock-wave passage through porous (powder) materials are complex, because intense and non-uniform plastic deformation is coupled with the shock-wave effects. Thus, the particle interiors experience primarily the effects of shock waves, while the surfaces undergo intense plastic deformation which can often result in interfacial melting. Shock synthesis of compounds from powders is triggered by the extraordinarily high energy deposition rate at the surfaces of the powders, forcing them in close contact, activating them by introducing defects, and heating them close to or even above their melting temperatures.

Letter Verbal Fluency in Spanish-, Basque-, and Catalan-Speaking Individuals: Does the Selection of the Letters Influence the Outcome?

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2400-2410
Author(s):  
Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa ◽  
Itziar Benito-Sánchez ◽  
Montserrat Alegret ◽  
Anna Gailhajanet ◽  
Esther Landa Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Verbal Fluency Test ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Fluency Test

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare Basque and Catalan bilinguals' performance on the letter verbal fluency test and determine whether significant differences are present depending on the letters used and the language of administration. Method The sample consisted of 87 Spanish monolinguals, 139 Basque bilinguals, and 130 Catalan bilinguals from Spain. Participants completed the letter verbal fluency test using the letters F, A, S, M, R, P, and E. Results Bilinguals scored higher on the letter verbal fluency test when they were tested in Spanish than in Basque or Catalan. No performance differences were found according to native language or dialects within Basque participants. Catalans with Spanish as their native language scored lower on the letter F compared to those who grew up speaking Catalan and Spanish. The suggested letters to use with Basque speakers are A, E, and B; the suggested letters to use with Catalan speakers are P, F, and M; and the suggested letters to use with Spanish speakers are M, R, and P. Conclusion Selecting appropriate stimuli depending on the language of testing is the first crucial step to assess verbal fluency and thus possible frontal lobe functioning impairment.

Production of Subject-Verb Agreement in Spanish as a Second Language

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Nicol ◽  
Delia Greth
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Semantic Variables ◽  
Advanced Proficiency

Abstract. In this paper, we report the results of a study of English speakers who have learned Spanish as a second language. All were late learners who have achieved near- advanced proficiency in Spanish. The focus of the research is on the production of subject-verb agreement errors and the factors that influence the incidence of such errors. There is some evidence that English and Spanish subject-verb agreement differ in susceptibility to interference from different types of variables; specifically, it has been reported that Spanish speakers show a greater influence of semantic factors in their implementation of subject-verb agreement ( Vigliocco, Butterworth, & Garrett, 1996 ). In our study, all participants were tested in English (L1) and Spanish (L2). Results indicate nearly identical error patterns: these speakers show no greater influence of semantic variables in the computation of agreement when they are speaking Spanish than when they are speaking English.

Role of English Fluency in Performance of Native Spanish-Speakers on the Trail-Making Test

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Suarez ◽  
Tamar H. Gollan ◽  
Lidia Artiola ◽  
Igor Grant ◽  
Robert Heaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Native Spanish Speakers ◽  
English Fluency ◽  
Trail Making

Use of the AO Wire Passer to Aid Placement of Obstetrical Saw Wire for Osteotomy

1994 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 180-182
Author(s):  
N. Gofton ◽  
Joanne Cockshutt
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Soft Tissue Trauma ◽  
Wire Saw ◽  
Tissue Dissection ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Tissue Trauma

The AO wire passer can be used as an effective guide for passage of obstetrical saw wire for osteotomy. Use of the wire saw and passer reduces soft tissue trauma by minimizing tissue dissection, and promoting positioning of the saw in close contact with the bone.

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