Cultural Identity and Catalan Language Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-227
Author(s):  
Xènia Escolano
Keyword(s):  
Language Planning ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
Historical Presence

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the current situation of Catalan as a factor that aids the construction of identity in the areas where language has a long historical presence and has been used as primary language. This introduces a qualitative variable from a sociolinguistic point of view: linguistic identity in the context of languages in contact. This chapter will focus specifically on the Spanish areas where Catalan is spoken and is an official language: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community. It will also analyse the influence of language planning—especially carried out within the educational system—on the maintenance of Catalan language as a vehicle of communication, considering the acquisition of Catalan by Spanish speakers from the above-mentioned areas.

Naive models as active expert system in bioengineering and chemical engineering

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1476-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Dohnal
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Human Thinking

A possibility of qualitative variable utilization for description and evaluation of phenomena and processes from non-formal human thinking point of view is presented. Paper gives methods of naïve modelling and realistically assesses results that can be awaited. The method is demonstrated on two case studies that are given in full details, namely continuous fermentation (fermentor, two separators) and anaerobic fermentation.

scholarly journals Comentarios a la propuesta del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo del certificado verde digital. Protección de datos sanitarios y análisis ético jurídico

Bioderecho.es ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria María González Suárez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
The Right

Con motivo de la situación actual a la que nos enfrentamos por la pandemia de la COVID-19 se ha planteado en diversas ocasiones la implantación de un certificado verde digital. El 17 de marzo de 2021 la Comisión Europea presentó una propuesta de creación del certificado con el fin de facilitar el ejercicio del derecho a la libre circulación dentro de la Unión Europea durante la pandemia. Todo ello plantea diversas cuestiones jurídicas en cuanto a la protección de datos sanitarios, el derecho a la libre circulación y la eficacia y proporcionalidad de medidas que deben ser objeto de análisis tanto desde el punto de vista jurídico como del punto de vista ético ya que, en ciertas ocasiones la aplicación de medidas puede afectar al derecho a la igualdad de los ciudadanos. Due to the current situation we are facing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of a digital green certificate has been proposed on several occasions. On March 17, 2021, the European Commission presented a proposal to create the certificate in order to facilitate the exercise of the right of free movement within the European Union during the pandemic. All this raises various legal questions regarding the protection of health data, the right of free movement and the efficacy and proportionality of measures that must be analyzed from both the legal and ethical point of view since, on certain occasions the application of measures may affect the right of equality of citizens.

scholarly journals The analysis of the sacral objects on the territory of the Titel municipality

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Predrag Todorov ◽  
Nenad Mijuk ◽  
Teodora Tošić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Cultural Monuments

Sacral objects or sanctities represent the buildings used for religious or ritual purposes. The territory of the Titel municipality includes sacral objects built as the consequence o f certain historical events on this territory. All of the objects were built in the period of between 18th and 20th century and some were declared the cultural monuments. In order to assess the value of sacral buildings on the territory o f the municipality of Titel, from the point of view of tourism, it is necessary to perform their complex analysis, determine the significance for this and wider area, determine the current situation and possible opportunities for better promotion, evaluation and overall assessment.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT SITUATION OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS IN RUSSIA ON THE EXAMPLE CITY OF TOGLIATTI (with a population of less than 1 million)

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Елена Чернова ◽  
Elena Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
National Project

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of public sports. The author presents his point of view and considers the purposes and objectives for the formation of a new state concept of physical cultural and sports education of the population in accordance within the National project

The complexity of grammatical gender and language ecology

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-229
Author(s):  
Francesca Di Garbo
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Language Ecology ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Prestige

This chapter investigates the evolution of grammatical gender agreement, taken as an instance of paradigmatic and syntagmatic morphological complexity, in a sample of thirty-six languages, organized per sets of closely related languages with different sociolinguistic profiles. Both loss and emergence of gender agreement occur in areas of intense language contact between diverse speech communities. However, given similar contact scenarios, asymmetries in the structure of the bilingual population and/or in the prestige dynamics between the languages in contact tend to favour one development over the other. Loss of gender agreement occurs when the demographically dominant and/or more prestigious language lacks grammatical gender. Conversely, borrowing of gender agreement is favoured when the demographically dominant and/or more prestigious language has grammatical gender. Finally, the data suggest that patterns of gender marking may have important ties to the way in which speakers construe their linguistic identity in opposition to that of their neighbours.

scholarly journals Sprechen Wir Deutsch? The construction of identity in Austria and South Tyrol

COMPASS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Hilden
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Positioning Theory ◽  
The South ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
South Tyrol ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Pronoun Use ◽  
The Creation

This paper examines some of the linguistic tools, techniques, means, and methods by which the populations of Austria and South Tyrol construct identity. In order to better situate these two communities, this paper begins with an overview of the conditions which led to the creation of each state. It then explains some of the ways in which language can be used as a tool of identity construction. Positioning theory details ways both these groups create categories of separationand belonging. Citing the use of Austrian German, dialect in literature, differing pronunciation, and lexical development, this paper examines how the population of Austria constructs a linguistic identity distancing itself from Germany. This paper also examines how, using similar linguistic tools such as pronoun use and naming techniques, the population of South Tyrol constructs its identity. In contrast to Austria, the South Tyroleans align themselves with Germany, creating closer ties with Germanic neighbours while distancing themselves from Italy. Each population positions itself in relation to Germany, either with or against, using linguistic tools to create a group identity.

Current situation and future possibilities for the sewage sludge valorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ballabio ◽  
T. Vollmeier
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Sludge Disposal

Thermal treatment is an efficient solution for the sewage sludge disposal, able to deal with the environmental problems related to some harmful elements inside sludge itself, as heavy metals, hormones, pharmaceutical derivates etc. This presentation wants to show the several reliable technologies available today, able to fulfil the requirements for efficiency and cheapness. Other solutions with interesting potentialities are now in a research phase, and they show promising future possibilities of application also from the point of view of the environmental acceptability related to these technologies. In addition to the solutions for the sludge thermal treatment, it will be shown the issue of the phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge, a topical issue that will influence the choices for the sludge disposal in the next years.

From a perceptual point of view, is there prosodic continuity between languages in contact?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-572
Author(s):  
Ana Ma. Fernández Planas ◽  
Paolo Roseano ◽  
Wendy Elvira-García ◽  
Josefina Carrera Sabaté ◽  
Domingo Román Montes de Oca
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Languages In Contact

Abstract This paper contains the results of a set of perception tests that aimed at measuring perceived prosodic distances between different Romance languages (Italian, Friulian, Sardinian, Catalan, and Spanish). Data were collected within the framework of the AMPER project. The results were obtained by means of discrimination and identification tasks where the judges were 31 native speakers of Catalan form Barcelona and the stimuli were broad focus statements and yes-no questions in the above-mentioned languages. The perceived distances are then compared with the results of a dialectometric analysis of acoustic data. This comparison shows that the perceived distances are related to acoustic differences.

Re-thinking balanced bilingualism

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Juarros-Daussà ◽  
Tilman Lanz
Keyword(s):  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
National Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Presence ◽  
Globalized World

Traditionally, Catalonia is seen as a successful example of language revitalization, through the achievement and maintenance of a fairly stable Castilian/Catalan bilingualism for the last thirty years or so. Recently, however, Catalonia has experienced significant immigration in the context of globalization. The autonomous government is now supporting an agenda in which Catalan alone is presented as the national language, the language of convergence, while Castilian, despite its long historical presence in the region, is portrayed as one of three hundred languages spoken there today. We examine how this policy interacts with everyday linguistic realities and with a preservationist agenda. Catalan speakers are divided between those who feel liberated from the imposition of Spanish identity and culture and those who fear an exclusivist nationalism which they feel would be anachronistic in the globalized world of today. Spanish speakers, in turn, feel threatened and targeted. New immigrants, coming from all corners of the world, are caught in a climate in which official language policies hardly reflect their own needs. Linguistic policies have to be re-thought to tend to the needs of immigrants while also ensuring the survival of Catalan.

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