Ribavirin - current status of a broad spectrum antiviral agent

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel J C Snell
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Current Status

Medical eponyms: redeeming or not the long-standing tradition

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-140420
Author(s):  
Yandy Marx Castillo Aleman
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Medical Background

BackgroundHealthcare workers often use terms such as Apgar, Babinski or Glasgow in their routine duties. These terms are used worldwide; they are universal and recognised in various languages. Medical eponyms are immutable by the nature; they save valuable time by streamlining communication among health professionals. However, some of these terms lack accuracy and lead to confusion.Objective and methodsThis perspective article aims to analyse the current status of the divergent trends about redeeming (or not) the long-standing tradition of using medical eponyms. Multiple positions regarding the use of these terms have been expressed in the medical literature, and these are summarised in the manuscript. Although, this compilation is based primarily on the author’s medical background and experience.ResultsThere is an interesting debate in the scientific community about the suitability of certain eponyms. Defenders and detractors argue a broad spectrum of points, but there is still no international consensus. The use of classical, ethical and well-recognised medical eponyms will remain a cornerstone in daily clinical settings, textbooks and medical journals. However, their use can be inconsistent or confused in specific conditions, and they can be influenced by local geography and culture.ConclusionsThere is a need to refrain from using unethical and controversial eponyms throughout the whole of science. Further academic and scientific efforts should be addressed to provide a structural systematisation, semantic classification and etymological categorisation on the use of medical eponyms.

scholarly journals Ivermectin as a Broad-Spectrum Host-Directed Antiviral: The Real Deal?

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Jans ◽  
Kylie M. Wagstaff
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Virus West Nile ◽  
Hiv 1

The small molecule macrocyclic lactone ivermectin, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for parasitic infections, has received renewed attention in the last eight years due to its apparent exciting potential as an antiviral. It was identified in a high-throughput chemical screen as inhibiting recognition of the nuclear localizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) integrase protein by the host heterodimeric importin (IMP) α/β1 complex, and has since been shown to bind directly to IMPα to induce conformational changes that prevent its normal function in mediating nuclear import of key viral and host proteins. Excitingly, cell culture experiments show robust antiviral action towards HIV-1, dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus, West Nile virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Chikungunya virus, Pseudorabies virus, adenovirus, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Phase III human clinical trials have been completed for DENV, with >50 trials currently in progress worldwide for SARS-CoV-2. This mini-review discusses the case for ivermectin as a host-directed broad-spectrum antiviral agent for a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Current status of in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of posaconazole

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
He Sun ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
Yi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Endemic Fungi ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Abstract Posaconazole (POS) is a new triazole drug with broad-spectrum in vitro activity against most yeasts and molds such as Candida, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Zygomycetes, as well as certain species of dimorphic fungi and endemic fungi. In immunocompetent or immunocompromised animal models with invasive fungal infections, POS has demonstrated highly effective, broad-spectrum antifungal activities. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of POS were superior to those of other azoles against Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Aspergillus terrus, Fusarium and Zygomycetes. In vivo susceptibility studies have shown promising efficacy of POS against life-threatening fungal infections in animal models with different immune status and infection sites.

Topical cidofovir for benign human papillomavirus–associated skin lesions

2021 ◽  
pp. 135965352110598
Author(s):  
Larry Napolitano ◽  
Liesl Schroedl ◽  
Alexander Kerman ◽  
Christopher R Shea
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Skin Lesions

Cidofovir is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that has shown efficacy against skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). We present a case of extensive verruca vulgaris lesions refractory to imiquimod that was responsive to topical cidofovir therapy, and analyze other case series in the literature of successful treatment of benign HPV-associated skin lesions with topical cidofovir. Topical cidofovir’s favorable response rate and tolerability make it a useful treatment option for patients of differing ages and immune status who have nonmalignant HPV-associated skin lesions and desire topical therapy.

scholarly journals RK-33 Is a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent That Targets DEAD-Box RNA Helicase DDX3X

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundy N. Y. Yang ◽  
Sarah C. Atkinson ◽  
Michelle D. Audsley ◽  
Steven M. Heaton ◽  
David A. Jans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Dead Box ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
First Time

Viral disease is one of the greatest burdens for human health worldwide, with an urgent need for efficacious antiviral strategies. While antiviral drugs are available, in many cases, they are prone to the development of drug resistance. A way to overcome drug resistance associated with common antiviral therapies is to develop antivirals targeting host cellular co-factors critical to viral replication, such as DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X), which plays key roles in RNA metabolism and the antiviral response. Here, we use biochemical/biophysical approaches and infectious assays to show for the first time that the small molecule RK-33 has broad-spectrum antiviral action by inhibiting the enzymatic activities of DDX3X. Importantly, we show that RK-33 is efficacious at low micromolar concentrations in limiting infection by human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV-3), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) or West Nile virus (WNV)—for all of which, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic is widely available. These findings establish for the first time that RK-33 is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that blocks DDX3X’s catalytic activities in vitro and limits viral replication in cells.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Action of 1- -D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Carboxamide (Virazole), A New Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent

1973 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Streeter ◽  
J. T. Witkowski ◽  
G. P. Khare ◽  
R. W. Sidwell ◽  
R. J. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antiviral Agent

Antipicornavirus Drugs: Current Status

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Diana ◽  
DC Pevear
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Virus Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

Considerable efforts have been made over the past several years to discover a broad-spectrum antipicornavirus agent. The X-ray crystal structure of several rhinovirus serotypes, as well as a coxsackievirus, has provided valuable information with respect to the virus structure as well as the location of the binding site of several capsid-binding compounds. This has aided in the design of broad-spectrum compounds. Several potential drug candidates have reached clinical status and some progress has been made in achieving efficacy. However, none of these compounds has as yet become a marketable drug. This review summarizes the current status of efforts in this area.

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