scholarly journals Evaluating the diagnostic value of nitrite test in comparison with U/S results in patients with urinary tract infection symptoms: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Hamid Zamani Moghadam ◽  
Fatemeh Maleki ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
Mahdi Foroughian
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Urine Dipstick ◽  
Urine Dipstick Test

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of nitrite test in comparison with urine culture (U/C) results in patients with Urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 203 patients with UTI symptoms. Middle urine sample was taken into sterile plastic containers, and simultaneously the urine sample and the nitrite test were done by the use of urine dipstick test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: The results of the urine culture test indicated that the highest excreted organisms in both sexes were E. coli (58.8%), Candida (17.6%), Klebsiella (8.8%), E. coli (MDR) (5.9%), Pseudomonas (2.9%), Enterococcus (2.9%) and Acinetobacter (2.9%). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between U/C and urine analysis (U/A) test results (P = 0.01), and in U/C positive results, U/A results were significantly positive for UTI. Other findings showed a significant relationship between the results of nitrite one and nitrite two tests (P = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between urinary, and nitrite1 levels (P = 0.04). Also, in this study, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests for U/A and nitrite 1 and 2 with U/C were calculated as the Golden Standard method. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the negative nitrite test and urine dipstick test could be performed in emergency cases to prevent ectopic dysfunction and inadequate diagnosis. Also, it can reduce the unreasonable expenses for U/A.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of Urinalysis to Diagnose Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Patients with Urolithiasis at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awang Dyan Purnomo ◽  
Untung Tranggono
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Tool

Objective: Urolithiasis could be caused by urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI in patients with urolithiasis need to be diagnose and manage as soon as possible. This study was aim to determine the diagnostic value of urinalysis examination to diagnose urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with urolithiasis.Material & method: This study was an observational analytic with cross sectional study design, comparing one diagnostic tool with the gold standard tool to diagnose UTI. Total samples collected were 186 patients at Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Urine culture and urinalysis were performed in patients with urinalysis and UTI. The results of urine culture and urinalysis were then compared by 2x2 table.Results: The sensitivity results on leukocyte esterase, eritrocyturia, bacteriuria, and nitrite respectively were 82.7%, 57.14%, 37.59%, and 13.53%. The specificity results on nitrite, bacteriuria, eritrocyturia, and leukocyte esterase respectively were 63.26%, 56.60%, 50.94%, and 33.96%. The highest level of accuracy was leukocyte esterase with 68.81% accuracy.Conclusion: This study showed that leukocyte esterase had good sensitivity with an accuracy of 68.81%. Examination of nitrite had the highest specificity compared to the other variables in urinalysis examination.

scholarly journals Utility of dipstick test (nitrite and leukocyte esterase) and microscopic analysis of urine when compared to culture in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepthi Joella Fernandes ◽  
Jaidev M. D. ◽  
Dipthi Nishal Castelino
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Urine Dipstick ◽  
Urine Dipstick Test ◽  
Urine Microscopy

Background: Urine culture is the gold standard in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI), but usually takes at least 48 hours and is expensive. Urine dipstick test and microscopy are useful for early diagnosis and initiation of treatment. The current study aims to assess the diagnostic value of dipstick and microscopy of urine in the diagnosis of UTI in comparison with culture.Methods: Children aged between 3 months-15 years of age, in whom UTI was suspected clinically were included in the study. Dipstick and microscopic examination of urine were done and compared with the urine culture. Results were analyzed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values.Results: Total of 104 children with clinical suspicion of UTI were evaluated in the study. The specificity of nitrite is 93.94%, leucocyte esterase 75.76%, urine dipstick test (nitrite and leukocyte esterase) 96.97% and urine microscopy is 50% when compared to urine culture.Conclusions: Urine dipstick test (nitrite and leukocyte esterase) and urine microscopy can be used as screening tests to rule out or rule in UTI. This would be useful clinically as treatment could be commenced in children pending culture reports.

scholarly journals Isolation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae among children with urinary tract infection: A cross sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
asnakech agegnehu ◽  
Mesfin Worku ◽  
Demiss Nigussie ◽  
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse ◽  
Birhanu Lulu
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract Background: Resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to antibiotics had increased at an alarming pace over the last two decades. Empirical antibiotic treatment of UTI practice created opportunity for frequent use of antibiotics that resulted in emergence of resistant strains. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae are emerging worldwide and are usually multi-drug resistant; thus, limiting treatment options for these organisms. Hence, it is mandatory to scrutinize the extent of the problem in the study area. Objective: We investigated the prevalence and correlates of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and their antibacterial resistance profile among children with urinary tract infection (UTI) at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Method: A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted from February 1-July 30/ 2018. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 284 children suspected of UTI. Bacterial species were isolated using standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and ESBL production was detected by double disc synergy test. Data entry, cleaning and statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: Overall, Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 75% (72/96) of UTI infections. The most frequent Enterobacteriaceae were E. coli , 44.4% (32/72) and K. pneumoniae , 27.8% (20/72). Overall, ESBL-producers within Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 41.7% (30/72) and magnitude of multi-drug resistance level was 86.1% (62/72). ESBL producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli accounted for 70% (14/20) and 37.5% (12/32), respectively of all the respective isolates. Previous UTI within the past 12 month (AOR= 0.08, 95% CI (0.01-0.57) and medium family wealth index (AOR = 0.03, 95% CI (0.00-0.27) were associated with infection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae . Conclusion: ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae were prevalent among UTI cases; where E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the major isolated resistant strains that contributed mainly to the problem. Majority of Enterobacteriaceae isolated were resistant to commonly prescribed drugs. Key words : ESBL, Antimicrobial Resistance, UTI, Children.

scholarly journals Correlation of Urine Dipstick Test with Spot Urine Protein-Creatinine Ratio in Women with Preeclampsia: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
K. Rekha Rani ◽  
Tulasi Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Dipstick

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes for the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Increase level of proteinuria is worsening condition for the pregnant women with hypertension. Objective: Our study aimed to compare urine dipstick method with P/C ratio to know the proteinuria level in hypertensive pregnant women. Material and Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 antenatal women with preeclampsia in Department of obstetrics and gynecology, CAIMS Karimnagar. Antenatal cases with pre-eclampsia of more than 20 weeks gestation were included in the study and Urinary Tract Infection, Diabetic, renal function disorder were excluded from study. After getting patients consent detailed history were taken, general physical and systemic including obstetric examination was done Association between the variable analyzed by using chi-square or fisher exact test and quantitative variable compare using ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. P-value<0.05 considered as significant Result: Among 100 patients admitted, there are 50 cases having mean age was 25±3.266 Years, systolic blood pressure was 156.5±21.94mmhg. Association between P/C ratio and urine dipstick was statistically significant and also correlation between urine dipstick and P/C ratio was moderately correlated (r= 0.564) and highly significant (p-value <0.05) Conclusion: Our study conclude that Urine dipstick method and P/C ratio has strong correlation between them with high accuracy, at 2+or greater level it can used to estimate significant proteinuria or spot urine P/C ratio for screening pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia. Also, this method is convenient and cost effective for patient. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Proteinuria, Urine Dipstick, Antenatal.

scholarly journals Predictive value of the urinary dipstick test in the management of patients with urinary tract infection-associated symptoms in primary care in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciscus Ginting ◽  
Adhi Kristianto Sugianli ◽  
R Lia Kusumawati ◽  
Ida Parwati ◽  
Menno D de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Positive Urine Culture ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Urine Dipstick Test

ObjectiveTo assess the test characteristics of a urine dipstick test in predicting a positive urine culture in an outpatient setting in Indonesia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo outpatient clinics in Medan, Indonesia.Participants616 consecutively enrolled participants suspected of having a urinary tract infection.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome is the estimates of accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values) where urine culture is the reference test. The secondary outcome is the post-test probability of a positive urine culture.ResultsThe optimal test characteristics were obtained when index test positivity was defined as any leucocyte esterase reaction and/or a nitrite reaction and reference test positivity was defined as a urine culture with a growth of at least 103colony-forming units/mL (sensitivity: 88.2% (95% CI 81.6 to 93.1), negative predictive value: 93.0% (95% CI 88.9 to 95.9)). The post-test probability of a positive urine culture after a negative urinary dipstick test was 7% in the obstetric/gynaecology clinic and 8% in the internal medicine clinic.ConclusionThe use of a urine dipstick test in arule-outstrategy can reduce the need for urine culture and avoid the prescription of (ineffective) antibiotics in a non-urology outpatient setting.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Urine Dipstick Test in Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infection and Detection of the blaCTX-M Gene among ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Rubina Gurung ◽  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Jid Chani Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Urine Dipstick ◽  
Urine Dipstick Test

A urine dipstick test used for prompt diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) is a rapid and cost-effective method. The main objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the urine dipstick test with culture methods in screening for UTIs along with the detection of the blaCTX-M gene in extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. A total of 217 mid-stream urine samples were collected from UTI-suspected patients attending Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan, and tested by dipstick test strip (COMBI-10SL, Germany) prior to the culture. E. coli isolates were identified by standard microbiological procedures and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guideline. Primary screening of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates was conducted using ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime discs and phenotypically confirmed by combined disk diffusion test. Plasmid DNA of ESBL-producing strains was extracted by phenol-chloroform method and subjected to PCR for detection of the blaCTX-M gene. Out of 217 urine samples, 48 (22.12%) showed significant bacteriuria. Among 46 (21.20%) Gram negative bacteria recovered, the predominant one was E. coli 37 (77.08%) of which 33 (89.19%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). E. coli isolates showed a higher degree of resistance towards cefazolin (62.16%) while 81.08% of the isolates were sensitive towards amikacin followed by nitrofurantoin (70.27%). Among 14 (37.84%) phenotypically confirmed ESBL isolates, only eight (21.62%) isolates carried the blaCTX-M gene. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of urine dipstick test were 43.75%, 77.51%, 35.59% and 82.91%, respectively. Besides, the use of dipstick test strip for screening UTI was associated with many false positive and negative results as compared to the gold standard culture method. Hence, dipstick nitrite test alone should not be used as sole method for screening UTIs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Microalbuminuria and Overt Proteinuria in Hypertension and Their Relations with Renal Function in a Rural Population of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANME Karim ◽  
D Das ◽  
M Salahuddin ◽  
GA Marjan ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Dipstick Test ◽  
Overt Proteinuria ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Hypertension is the third leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Bangladesh. Microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria are the markers of the CKD. So detection of microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria in hypertensive subjects will help to identify the patient at risk of developing progressive renal impairment. This cross sectional study was carried out in a rural area of Bangladesh.1134 adult population (age between 18 and 65 years) were screened. A total of 217 (19.1%) were detected hypertensive; spot urine dipstick test was done among them. Those who where dipstick negative further studied for presence of microalbumin [ mg/L ]. Blood glucose level, serum creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated. A group of normotensive people (n=245) taken as comparison group. Microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria were present in 26.4% and 9.7% of the hypertensive subjects, respectively. Correlation between microalbuminuria and eGFR showed that two variables exhibited a tendency for negative relationship, although correlation was not statistically significant (P=0.186, r=-0.064). Overt proteinuric subjects showed no statistically significant deterioration of eGFR (81.6±21.1). Microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria are prevalent among the hypertensive rural Bangladeshi people. So early detection of microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria will help to prevent or delay the development of end stage renal disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i2.18700 Bangladesh J Medicine 2013; 24 : 59-64

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