Catch a Rising Tone: Selecting a Tone for a New Calling Service

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc E. Fusco ◽  
Robert B. Katz
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
To Receive

The tone used in the new service Caller ID on Call Waiting (CIDCW) must be reliably detected by customer premises equipment (CPE), so that it can prepare to receive caller ID data, and it should alert customers to new calls but without being annoying. To help select a tone, the first experiment of this study examined the acceptability of a series of high-frequency dual tones that might be able to perform the required CPE signaling. Subjects were presented with the tones under circumstances in which they would typically be heard (while talking and listening over the telephone) and rated the sound quality of the tones. Long bursts of tones were presented as well as short bursts prepended or appended to the 440-Hz tone used in Call Waiting service. The results suggested that customers may find high-frequency dual tones acceptable. To determine acceptable parameters of tones, in the second experiment, subjects rated the loudness of selected tones as their length and power were varied.

A Study on the Sound Quality Evaluation Model of Mechanical Air-Cleaners

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Guon Ih ◽  
Su-Won Jang ◽  
Cheol-Ho Jeong ◽  
Youn-Young Jeung
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Air Cleaner ◽  
Air Cleaners

In operating the air-cleaner for a long time, people in a quiet enclosed space expect low sound at low operational levels for a routine cleaning of air. However, in the condition of high operational levels of the cleaner, a powerful yet nonannoying sound is desired, which is connected to a feeling of an immediate cleaning of pollutants. In this context, it is important to evaluate and design the air-cleaner noise to satisfy such contradictory expectations from the customers. In this study, a model for evaluating the sound quality of air-cleaners of mechanical type was developed based on objective and subjective analyses. Sound signals from various air-cleaners were recorded and they were edited by increasing or decreasing the loudness at three wide specific-loudness bands: 20–400 Hz (0–3.8 barks), 400–1250 Hz (3.8–10 barks), and 1.25–12.5 kHz bands (10–22.8 barks). Subjective tests using the edited sounds were conducted by the semantic differential method (SDM) and the method of successive intervals (MSI). SDM tests for seven adjective pairs were conducted to find the relation between subjective feeling and frequency bands. Two major feelings, performance and annoyance, were factored out from the principal component analysis. We found that the performance feeling was related to both low and high frequency bands, whereas the annoyance feeling was related to high frequency bands. MSI tests using the seven scales were conducted to derive the sound quality index to express the severity of each perceptive descriptor. Annoyance and performance indices of air-cleaners were modeled from the subjective responses of the juries and the measured sound quality metrics: loudness, sharpness, roughness, and fluctuation strength. The multiple regression method was employed to generate sound quality evaluation models. Using the developed indices, sound quality of the measured data was evaluated and compared with the subjective data. The difference between predicted and tested scores was less than 0.5 points.

An Initial-Fit Comparison of Two Generic Hearing Aid Prescriptive Methods (NAL-NL2 and CAM2) to Individuals Having Mild to Moderately Severe High-Frequency Hearing Loss

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
High Frequency Hearing Loss

Background: Johnson and Dillon (2011) provided a model-based comparison of current generic hearing aid prescriptive methods for adults with hearing loss based on the attributes of speech intelligibility, loudness, and bandwidth. Purpose: This study compared the National Acoustic Laboratories—Non-linear 2 (NAL-NL2) and Cambridge Method for Loudness Equalization 2—High-Frequency (CAM2) prescriptive methods using adult participants with less high-frequency hearing loss than Johnson and Dillon (2011). Of study interest was quantification of prescribed audibility, speech intelligibility, and loudness. The preferences of participants for either NAL-NL2 or CAM2 and preferred deviations from prescribed settings are also reported. Research Design: Using a single-blind, counter-balanced, randomized design, preference judgments for the prescriptive methods with regard to sound quality of speech and music stimuli were obtained. Preferred gain adjustments from the prescription within the 4–10 kHz frequency range were also obtained from each participant. Speech intelligibility and loudness model calculations were completed on the prescribed and adjusted amplification. Study Sample: Fourteen male Veterans, whose average age was 65 yr and whose hearing sensitivity averaged normal to borderline normal through 1000 Hz sloping to a moderately severe sensorineural loss, served as participants. Data Collection and Analysis: Following a brief listening time (˜10 min), typical of an initial fitting visit, the participants made paired comparison of sound quality between the NAL-NL2 and CAM2 prescriptive settings. Participants were also asked to modify each prescription in the range of 4–10 kHz using an overall gain control and make subsequent comparisons of sound quality preference between prescriptive and adjusted settings. Participant preferences were examined with respect to quantitative analysis of loudness modeling, speech intelligibility modeling, and measured high-frequency bandwidth audibility. Results: Consistent with the lack of difference in predicted speech intelligibility between the two prescriptions, sound quality preferences on the basis of clarity were split across participants while some participants did not have a discernable preference. Considering sound quality judgments of pleasantness, the majority of participants preferred the sound quality of the NAL-NL2 (8 of 14) prescription instead of the CAM2 prescription (2 of 14). Four of the 14 participants showed no preference on the basis of pleasantness for either prescription. Individual subject preferences were supported by loudness modeling that indicated NAL-NL2 was the softer of the two prescriptions and CAM2 was the louder. CAM2 did provide more audibility to the higher frequencies (5–8 kHz) than NAL-NL2. Participants turned the 4–10 kHz gain recommendation of CAM2 lower, on average, by a significant amount of 4 dB when making adjustments while no significant adjustment was made to the initial NAL-NL2 recommendation. Conclusions: NAL-NL2 prescribed gains were more often preferred at the initial fitting by the majority of participating veterans. For those patients with preference for a louder fitting than NAL-NL2, CAM2 is a good alternative. When the participant adjustment from the prescription between 4 and 10 kHz exceeded 4 dB from either NAL-NL2 (2 of 14) or CAM2 (11 of 14), the participants demonstrated a later preference for that adjustment 69% of the time. These findings are viewed as limited evidence that some individuals may have a preference for high-frequency gain that differs from the starting prescription.

Simulation of vibration piercing of pipe blank at press

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1128-1138
Author(s):  
S. R. Rakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Deformation Zone ◽  
Pipe Blank ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Metal Deformation ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
High Frequency Vibrations ◽  
Pipe Blanks ◽  
Wave Phenomena

In some cases, the processes of piercing or expanding pipe blanks involve the use of high-frequency active vibrations. However, due to insufficient knowledge, these processes are not widely used in the practice of seamless pipes production. In particular, the problems of increasing the efficiency of the processes of piercing or expanding a pipe blank at a piercing press using high-frequency vibrations are being solved without proper research and, as a rule, by experiments. The elaboration of modern technological processes for the production of seamless pipes using high-frequency vibrations is directly related to the choice of rational modes of metal deformation and the prediction resistance indicators of technological tools and the reliability of equipment operation. The creation of a mathematical model of the process of vibrating piercing (expansion) of an axisymmetric pipe blank at a piercing press of a pipe press facility is an actual task. A calculation scheme for the process of piercing a pipe plank has been elaborated. A dependence was obtained characterizing the speed of front of plastic deformation propagation on the speed of penetration of a vibrated axisymmetric mandrel into the pipe workpiece being pierced. The dynamic characteristics of the occurrence of wave phenomena in the metal being pierced under the influence of a vibrated tool have been determined, which significantly complements the previously known ideas about the stress-strain state of the metal in the deformation zone. The deformation fields in the zones of the disturbed region of the deformation zone were established, taking into account the high-frequency vibrations of the technological tool. It has been established that the choice of rational parameters (amplitude-frequency characteristics) of the vibration piercing process of a pipe blank results in significant increase in the efficiency of the process, the durability of the technological tool and the quality of the pierced blanks.

Dynamics of the processes in metal machining

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Donatas Švitra ◽  
Jolanta Janutėnienė
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Metal Cutting Machine ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
Metal Machining

In the practice of processing of metals by cutting it is necessary to overcome the vibration of the cutting tool, the processed detail and units of the machine tool. These vibrations in many cases are an obstacle to increase the productivity and quality of treatment of details on metal-cutting machine tools. Vibration at cutting of metals is a very diverse phenomenon due to both it’s nature and the form of oscillatory motion. The most general classification of vibrations at cutting is a division them into forced vibration and autovibrations. The most difficult to remove and poorly investigated are the autovibrations, i.e. vibrations arising at the absence of external periodic forces. The autovibrations, stipulated by the process of cutting on metalcutting machine are of two types: the low-frequency autovibrations and high-frequency autovibrations. When the low-frequency autovibration there appear, the cutting process ought to be terminated and the cause of the vibrations eliminated. Otherwise, there is a danger of a break of both machine and tool. In the case of high-frequency vibration the machine operates apparently quiently, but the processed surface feature small-sized roughness. The frequency of autovibrations can reach 5000 Hz and more.

Lesson Study dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Berbasis Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Vian Harsution
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
To Receive

Lesson study is a systematic, collaborative, and sustainable method of improving the quality of learning. Lesson study emphasizes the exploration of students’ learning needs; teacher openness towards learning difficulties encountered; the willingness of teachers to receive and provide advice and solutions to the difficulties encountered; and the consistency of the various parties to follow up the suggestions and solutions. Implementation of lesson study involving teachers, principals, and experts in the field of education. Kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan or abbreviated KTSP is operational curriculum formulated and implemented by each educational unit. KTSP has the characteristics, namely: giving broad autonomy to the educational unit, involving the community and parent participation, involving the democratic leadership of the principal, and require the support of a working team that is synergistic and transparent. KTSP based on the learning process, needs to be supported by a conducive learning environment and fun to be created by teachers.Teachers and principals in a professional, systematic and collaborative create an atmosphere that fosters independence, tenacity, entrepreneurial spirit, adaptive and proactive nature of the learning process. Thus, the learning needs of students who fulfilled optimally and professional ability of teacher who have increased on an ongoing basis, may usher in success – based learning KTSP. It means that the lesson study provides positive implications for the KTSP – based learning.

The Microbial Quality of a Wetland Reclamation Facility Used to Produce an Effluent for Unrestricted non-Potable Reuse

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Fujioka ◽  
A. J. Bonilla ◽  
G. K. Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Wetland Reclamation ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Influent Water ◽  
Human Viruses ◽  
To Receive

An auxiliary Wetland Reclamation Facility (WRF) was constructed to receive stabilization pond treated sewage and further treat it with water hyacinth ponds, chemical flocculation, filtration and ultraviolet light disinfection. This was the first facility in Hawaii which was approved to produce the highest quality reclaimed water using alternative treatment schemes. We assessed the effectiveness of the WRF by monitoring water samples after each of the WRF treatment schemes for five genetically different groups of sewage borne microorganisms (fecal coliform, enterococci, C. perfringens, FRNA phage, total heterotrophic bacteria). The concentrations of all fecal indicator microoganisms, especially FRNA phase were low in the influent water to the WRF indicating that extended pond treatment may be especially effective in removing human viruses from sewage. The WRF treatment scheme was calculated to be able to reduce >99.99% of fecal coliform and therefore was able to produce an effluent meeting the non-potable, unrestricted reuse standard of a geometric means of <1 fecal coliform/100 ml.

Systematic literature review of clinical outcomes in adults with metastatic or advanced synovial sarcoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (35) ◽  
pp. 2997-3013
Author(s):  
Kentaro Kogushi ◽  
Michael LoPresti ◽  
Shunya Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Sarcoma ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Background: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis after metastasis. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the clinical evidence for therapeutic options for adults with metastatic or advanced SS. Materials & methods: Relevant databases were searched with predefined keywords. Results: Thirty-nine publications reported clinical data for systemic treatment and other interventions. Data on survival outcomes varied but were generally poor (progression-free survival: 1.0–7.7 months; overall survival: 6.7–29.2 months) for adults with metastatic and advanced SS. A high frequency of neutropenia with systemic treatment and low quality of life post-progression were reported. Conclusion: Reported evidence suggests poor outcomes in adults with metastatic and advanced SS and the need for the development of new treatment modalities.

Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Mitomycin, Cisplatin, and Protracted Venous-Infusion Fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) With Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU in Advanced Esophagogastric Cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1996-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ross ◽  
M. Nicolson ◽  
D. Cunningham ◽  
J. Valle ◽  
M. Seymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Study ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Palmar Erythema ◽  
Esophagogastric Cancer ◽  
Equivalent Efficacy ◽  
Venous Infusion ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
To Receive

PURPOSE: We report the results of a prospectively randomized study that compared the combination of epirubicin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) (ECF) with the combination of mitomycin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU (MCF) in previously untreated patients with advanced esophagogastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five hundred eighty patients with adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, or undifferentiated carcinoma were randomized to receive either ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks and PVI 5-FU 200 mg/m2/d) or MCF (mitomycin 7 mg/m2 every 6 weeks, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, and PVI 5-FU 300 mg/m2/d) and analyzed for survival, response, toxicity, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37% to 48%) with ECF and 44.1% (95% CI, 38% to 50%) with MCF (P = .692). Toxicity was tolerable, and there were only two toxic deaths. ECF resulted in more grade 3/4 neutropenia and grade 2 alopecia, but MCF caused more thrombocytopenia and plantar-palmar erythema. Median survival was 9.4 months with ECF and 8.7 months with MCF (P = .315); at 1 year, 40.2% (95% CI, 34% to 46%) of ECF and 32.7% (95% CI, 27% to 38%) of MCF patients were alive. Median failure-free survival was 7 months with both regimens. Global QOL scores were better with ECF at 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSION: This study confirms response, survival, and QOL benefits of ECF observed in a previous randomized study. The equivalent efficacy of MCF was demonstrated, but QOL was superior with ECF. ECF remains one of the reference treatments for advanced esophagogastric cancer.

Comparison of two high doses of subcutaneous buprenorphine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 504-514
Author(s):  
Rosa Leedham ◽  
Kate L White ◽  
David Yates ◽  
Lauren Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Blinded Observer ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia ◽  
To Receive

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesia and recovery effects of two doses (0.12 mg/kg and 0.24 mg/kg) of subcutaneous buprenorphine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods: This was an assessor-blinded, randomised, clinical study. A total of 83 cats were recruited and randomly allocated to receive 0.12 mg/kg buprenorphine or 0.24 mg/kg buprenorphine subcutaneously, followed 30 minutes later by 40 μg/kg medetomidine intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous alfaxalone to effect and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. All cats received meloxicam before surgery. Temperament score, quality of sedation, induction of anaesthesia, dose of alfaxalone and recovery were scored using simple descriptive scales. Atipamazole was administered following surgery. Physiological variables during anaesthesia were recorded. Cats were assessed postoperatively by the same blinded observer at 2, 4 and 24 hours using a modified Colorado Feline Acute Pain scale. The presence or absence of mydriasis was noted. Results: No significant differences were identified between groups. Three cats in the 0.12 mg/kg group and four in the 0.24 mg/kg group required rescue analgesia. Mydriasis persisting for at least 24 hours was evident in 75 cats. Conclusions and relevance: No differences in analgesia were detected between groups with these protocols; mydriasis was common in both groups.

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