The Reliability and Validity of Handheld Dynamometry for the Measurement of Lower-Extremity Muscle Strength in Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy M Arnold ◽  
Kathryn D Warkentin ◽  
Philip D Chilibeck ◽  
Charlene R A Magnus
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

scholarly journals Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Hayashi ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Tadashi Okano ◽  
Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽  
Sonoe Mashino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

scholarly journals Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Leg Strength in Older Adults with Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Akira Saito ◽  
Koji Hiraki ◽  
Yuhei Otobe ◽  
Kazuhiro P. Izawa ◽  
Tsutomu Sakurada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Active Vitamin D ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensor Muscle Strength

Active vitamin D (calcitriol, or 1.25 (OH) 2 D) is associated with muscle weakness, falls, and fracture in community-dwelling older people. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between a serum active vitamin D level and lower extremity muscle strength in elderly patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study included 231 patients with CKD treated conservatively as outpatients. We analyzed patient background factors, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, calcium, albumin, serum calcitriol level as an indicator of active vitamin D, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) collected from medical records. As an index of lower extremity muscle strength, the isometric knee extension muscle strength-to-weight ratio (kgf/kg) was calculated. The mean patient age was 75.9 ± 6.1 years (68.8% male), and the BMI was 24.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2. A significant correlation was observed between knee extensor muscle strength and serum calcitriol level (r = 0.32, p < 0.01), age (r = –0.30, p < 0.01), BMI (r = −0.31, p < 0.01), intact PTH (r = −0.22, p < 0.01), phosphorus (r = −0.29, p < 0.01), albumin (r = −0.28, p < 0.01), and eGFR (r = 0.25, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed calcitriol to be significantly associated with knee extensor muscle strength (β: 0.14, 95% confidence interval: 0–0.002, p = 0.04) after adjustment for covariates. These results suggest that the serum active vitamin D level is associated with lower extremity muscle strength in older adults with pre-dialysis CKD. It is necessary to verify whether vitamin D supplementation increases lower extremity muscle strength in pre-dialysis CKD patients.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a community-delivered pneumatic machine resistance training programme (Gym Tonic) for older adults at neighbourhood senior centres – a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuen Yee Lee ◽  
Alycia Goh ◽  
Ken Tan ◽  
Pei Ling Choo ◽  
Peck Hoon Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background Resistance training with pneumatic machines attenuates the age-associated loss in muscle strength and function in older adults. However, effectiveness of scaled-up pneumatic machine resistance training in the community is not known. We evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-site community-delivered 12-week pneumatic machine resistance programme (Gym Tonic (GT)) on muscle strength and physical function in older adults. Methods Three hundred eighteen community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years were randomized into 12-week (twice/week) coach-supervised-community-based-GT-programme(n = 168) and wait-list control groups(n = 150). After 12 weeks, the intervention group continued with GT-training and the control group received supervised-GT-programme for further 12 weeks (partial-crossover-design). Fried frailty score, lower-extremity muscle strength and physical function (i.e., fast and habitual gait-speed, balance, repeated-chair-sit-to-stand, short physical performance battery (SPPB)) were determined at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. Analysis adopted a modified-intention-to-treat-approach. Results After 12 weeks, lower-extremity muscle strength improved by 11–26%(all p < 0.05) and fast gait-speed improved by 7%(p = 0.008) in GT-intervention group(n = 132) than controls(n = 118), regardless of frailty status. Other physical function performance did not differ between control and intervention groups after 12 weeks (all p > 0.05). Frailty score improved by 0.5 in the intervention but not control group(p = 0.004). Within the intervention group, lower-extremity muscle strength and physical function outcomes improved at 24 weeks compared with baseline (all p < 0.001). Within controls, lower-extremity muscle strength, SPPB, repeated-chair-sit-to-stand and fast gait-speed improved post-GT (24-week) compared to both pre-GT (12-week) and baseline. Programme adherence was high in intervention [0–12-weeks,90%(SD,13%); 12–24-weeks,89%(SD,17%)] and control [12–24-weeks,90%(SD,19%)] groups. Conclusion Community-delivered GT resistance training programme with pneumatic machines has high adherence, improves muscle strength and fast gait-speed, and can be effectively implemented at scale for older adults. Future studies could examine if including other multi-modal function-specific training to complement GT can achieve better physical/functional performance in power, balance and endurance tasks. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04661618, Registered 10 December 2020 - Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Muscle Function after Strength or Power Training in Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Marsh ◽  
Michael E. Miller ◽  
W. Jack Rejeski ◽  
Stacy L. Hutton ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Wait List Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

It is unclear whether strength training (ST) or power training (PT) is the more effective intervention at improving muscle strength and power and physical function in older adults. The authors compared the effects of lower extremity PT with those of ST on muscle strength and power in 45 older adults (74.8 ± 5.7 yr) with self-reported difficulty in common daily activities. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: PT, ST, or wait-list control. PT and ST trained 3 times/wk for 12 wk using knee-extension (KE) and leg-press (LP) machines at ~70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). For PT, the concentric phase of the KE and LP was completed “as fast as possible,” whereas for ST the concentric phase was 2–3 s. Both PT and ST paused briefly at the midpoint of the movement and completed the eccentric phase of the movement in 2–3 s. PT and ST groups showed significant improvements in KE and LP 1RM compared with the control group. Maximum KE and LP power increased approximately twofold in PT compared with ST. At 12 wk, compared with control, maximum KE and LP power were significantly increased for the PT group but not for the ST group. In older adults with compromised function, PT leads to similar increases in strength and larger increases in power than ST.

scholarly journals 124 Core Stability is Involved in the Fall Risk of Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv28-iv33
Author(s):  
Tagashira Satoshi ◽  
Takashima Atsushi ◽  
Shintani Takeshi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Step Test ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background Fall prevention in older adults is an important task. Lower extremity function is a main focus in fall prevention. There are few previous studies focusing on core stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fall risk and core stability. Methods The study participants were 33 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 65±17 years old; 5 men, 28 women). The fall risk was assessed using the Fall Risk Index-21 (FRI-21). Core stability measured the retention time of Side Bridge (SB) and Front Bridge (FB). Secondary outcome measures included lower extremity muscle strength (knee extension, hip abduction) and physical function (two-step test). Statistical analysis investigated the correlation between the measurement items. Results We found a significant negative correlation between FRI-21 and SB (r = -0.51, p&lt;0.01) and FRI-21 and FB (r = -0.47, p&lt;0.01). We also found a correlation between FRI-21 and the two-step test (r = -0.40, p&lt;0.05). There was no significant correlation between FRI-21 and lower extremity muscle strength. Discussion FRI and Core stability showed moderate correlation. It suggests that the core and hip muscle functions involved in posture retention are involved with fall. Conclusion The risk of falls in older adults was related to core stability. If the core stability of older adults improves, it may help to reduce the risk of falling. Therefore, it is useful to consider core stability in the assessment of fall risk.

scholarly journals Protein-enriched, milk-based supplement to counteract sarcopenia in acutely ill geriatric patients offered resistance exercise training during and after hospitalisation: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e019210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Gade ◽  
Anne Marie Beck ◽  
Christian Bitz ◽  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Tobias Wirenfeldt Klausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Enriched Milk

IntroductionAge-related loss of muscle mass and strength, sarcopaenia, burdens many older adults. The process is accelerated with bed rest, protein intakes below requirements and the catabolic effect of certain illnesses. Thus, acutely ill, hospitalised older adults are particularly vulnerable. Protein supplementation can preserve muscle mass and/or strength and, combining this with resistance exercise training (RT), may have additional benefits. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of protein supplementation as an addition to offering RT among older adults while admitted to the geriatric ward and after discharge. This has not previously been investigated.Methods and analysisIn a block-randomised, double-blind, multicentre intervention study, 165 older adults above 70 years, fulfilling the eligibility criteria, will be included consecutively from three medical departments (blocks of n=20, stratified by recruitment site). After inclusion, participants will be randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either ready-to-drink, protein-enriched, milk-based supplements (a total of 27.5 g whey protein/day) or isoenergetic placebo products (<1.5 g protein/day), twice daily as a supplement to their habitual diet. Both groups will be offered a standardised RT programme for lower extremity muscle strength (daily while hospitalised and 4×/week after discharge). The study period starts during their hospital stay and continues 12 weeks after discharge. The primary endpoint is lower extremity muscle strength and function (30 s chair-stand-test). Secondary endpoints include muscle mass, measures of physical function and measures related to cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationApproval is given by the Research Ethic Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (reference no. H-16018240) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (reference no. HGH-2016-050). There are no expected risks associated with participation, and each participant is expected to benefit from the RT. Results will be published in peer-reviewed international journals and presented at national and international congresses and symposiums.Trial registration numberNCT02717819 (9 March 2016).

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