scholarly journals Lower Extremity Muscle Function after Strength or Power Training in Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Marsh ◽  
Michael E. Miller ◽  
W. Jack Rejeski ◽  
Stacy L. Hutton ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Wait List Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

It is unclear whether strength training (ST) or power training (PT) is the more effective intervention at improving muscle strength and power and physical function in older adults. The authors compared the effects of lower extremity PT with those of ST on muscle strength and power in 45 older adults (74.8 ± 5.7 yr) with self-reported difficulty in common daily activities. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: PT, ST, or wait-list control. PT and ST trained 3 times/wk for 12 wk using knee-extension (KE) and leg-press (LP) machines at ~70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). For PT, the concentric phase of the KE and LP was completed “as fast as possible,” whereas for ST the concentric phase was 2–3 s. Both PT and ST paused briefly at the midpoint of the movement and completed the eccentric phase of the movement in 2–3 s. PT and ST groups showed significant improvements in KE and LP 1RM compared with the control group. Maximum KE and LP power increased approximately twofold in PT compared with ST. At 12 wk, compared with control, maximum KE and LP power were significantly increased for the PT group but not for the ST group. In older adults with compromised function, PT leads to similar increases in strength and larger increases in power than ST.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a community-delivered pneumatic machine resistance training programme (Gym Tonic) for older adults at neighbourhood senior centres – a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuen Yee Lee ◽  
Alycia Goh ◽  
Ken Tan ◽  
Pei Ling Choo ◽  
Peck Hoon Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background Resistance training with pneumatic machines attenuates the age-associated loss in muscle strength and function in older adults. However, effectiveness of scaled-up pneumatic machine resistance training in the community is not known. We evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-site community-delivered 12-week pneumatic machine resistance programme (Gym Tonic (GT)) on muscle strength and physical function in older adults. Methods Three hundred eighteen community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years were randomized into 12-week (twice/week) coach-supervised-community-based-GT-programme(n = 168) and wait-list control groups(n = 150). After 12 weeks, the intervention group continued with GT-training and the control group received supervised-GT-programme for further 12 weeks (partial-crossover-design). Fried frailty score, lower-extremity muscle strength and physical function (i.e., fast and habitual gait-speed, balance, repeated-chair-sit-to-stand, short physical performance battery (SPPB)) were determined at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. Analysis adopted a modified-intention-to-treat-approach. Results After 12 weeks, lower-extremity muscle strength improved by 11–26%(all p < 0.05) and fast gait-speed improved by 7%(p = 0.008) in GT-intervention group(n = 132) than controls(n = 118), regardless of frailty status. Other physical function performance did not differ between control and intervention groups after 12 weeks (all p > 0.05). Frailty score improved by 0.5 in the intervention but not control group(p = 0.004). Within the intervention group, lower-extremity muscle strength and physical function outcomes improved at 24 weeks compared with baseline (all p < 0.001). Within controls, lower-extremity muscle strength, SPPB, repeated-chair-sit-to-stand and fast gait-speed improved post-GT (24-week) compared to both pre-GT (12-week) and baseline. Programme adherence was high in intervention [0–12-weeks,90%(SD,13%); 12–24-weeks,89%(SD,17%)] and control [12–24-weeks,90%(SD,19%)] groups. Conclusion Community-delivered GT resistance training programme with pneumatic machines has high adherence, improves muscle strength and fast gait-speed, and can be effectively implemented at scale for older adults. Future studies could examine if including other multi-modal function-specific training to complement GT can achieve better physical/functional performance in power, balance and endurance tasks. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04661618, Registered 10 December 2020 - Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Hayashi ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Tadashi Okano ◽  
Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽  
Sonoe Mashino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

scholarly journals Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Leg Strength in Older Adults with Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Akira Saito ◽  
Koji Hiraki ◽  
Yuhei Otobe ◽  
Kazuhiro P. Izawa ◽  
Tsutomu Sakurada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Active Vitamin D ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensor Muscle Strength

Active vitamin D (calcitriol, or 1.25 (OH) 2 D) is associated with muscle weakness, falls, and fracture in community-dwelling older people. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between a serum active vitamin D level and lower extremity muscle strength in elderly patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study included 231 patients with CKD treated conservatively as outpatients. We analyzed patient background factors, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, calcium, albumin, serum calcitriol level as an indicator of active vitamin D, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) collected from medical records. As an index of lower extremity muscle strength, the isometric knee extension muscle strength-to-weight ratio (kgf/kg) was calculated. The mean patient age was 75.9 ± 6.1 years (68.8% male), and the BMI was 24.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2. A significant correlation was observed between knee extensor muscle strength and serum calcitriol level (r = 0.32, p < 0.01), age (r = –0.30, p < 0.01), BMI (r = −0.31, p < 0.01), intact PTH (r = −0.22, p < 0.01), phosphorus (r = −0.29, p < 0.01), albumin (r = −0.28, p < 0.01), and eGFR (r = 0.25, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed calcitriol to be significantly associated with knee extensor muscle strength (β: 0.14, 95% confidence interval: 0–0.002, p = 0.04) after adjustment for covariates. These results suggest that the serum active vitamin D level is associated with lower extremity muscle strength in older adults with pre-dialysis CKD. It is necessary to verify whether vitamin D supplementation increases lower extremity muscle strength in pre-dialysis CKD patients.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Muscle Strength and Risk of Self-Reported Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Hootman ◽  
Shannon FitzGerald ◽  
Carol A. Macera ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Association

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender-specific longitudinal association between quadriceps strength and self-reported, physician-diagnosed hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods:Subjects were 3081 community-dwelling adults who were free of OA, joint symptoms and injuries, completed a maximum treadmill exercise test, had isokinetic knee extension and flexion and isotonic leg press strength measurements taken at baseline and returned at least one written follow-up survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.Results:Women with moderate or high isokinetic quadriceps strength had a significantly reduced risk (55% to 64%) of hip or knee OA. A similar, nonsignificant trend was noted among men. Moderate isotonic leg press strength was protective for hip or knee osteoarthritis among men only.Conclusions:These results suggest that quadriceps weakness is an independent and modifiable risk factor for lower extremity OA, particularly among women.

Nature of Age-Related Changes in Muscle Strength of the Extremities of Women

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Bohannon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Women ◽  
Muscle Actions ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age-related changes in the muscle strength of the extremities of 123 women (20–79 years) were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. The isometric strength of three upper- and three lower-extremity muscle actions declined across ages. The magnitudes of strength decreases were a function of both the action and side tested. The earlier and steeper strength declines in actions of functional importance, e.g., knee extension, should alert those working with aging women of the potential importance of strengthening such muscle actions.

scholarly journals Modulation of Neural and Muscular Adaptation Processes During Resistance Training by Fish Protein Ingestions in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Watanabe ◽  
Aleš Holobar ◽  
Yukiko Mita ◽  
Aya Tomita ◽  
Akito Yoshiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Firing Pattern ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Motor Unit Firing ◽  
Protein Ingestion ◽  
Muscular Adaptations

Abstract Assessments of both neural and muscular adaptations during interventions would provide valuable information for developing countermeasures to age-related muscle dysfunctions. We investigated the effect of fish protein ingestion on training-induced neural and muscular adaptations in older adults. Twenty older adults participated 8 weeks of isometric knee extension training intervention. The participants were divided into two groups who took fish protein (n = 10, Alaska pollack protein, APP) or casein (n = 10, CAS). Maximal muscle strength during knee extension, lower extremity muscle mass (body impedance method), and motor unit firing pattern of knee extensor muscle (high-density surface electromyography) were measured before, during, and after the intervention. Muscle strength were significantly increased in both CAS (124.7 ± 5.8%) and APP (117.1 ± 4.4%) after intervention (p &lt; .05), but no significant differences between the groups were observed (p &gt; .05). Significant increases in lower extremity muscle mass from 0 to 8 weeks were demonstrated only for APP (102.0 ± 3.2, p &lt; .05). Greater changes in motor unit firing pattern following intervention were represented in CAS more than in APP. These results suggest that nutritional supplementations could modulate neural and muscular adaptations following resistance training and fish protein ingestion preferentially induces muscular adaptation without the detectable neural adaptation in older adults.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF 14 POINTS ACUPRESSURE ON UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE STRENGTH LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Lalu Hersika Asmawariza ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Mardiyono Mardiyono ◽  
Desak Made Wenten Parwati
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analytic Design ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Acupressure is considered as one form of holistic therapies that can improve tissue perfusion to improve motor function in patients with stroke.Objective: To analyze the effect of 14 points acupressure on upper and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.Methods:  This was a quasy experimental study with pretest posttest control group design. Paired comparative analytic design was also used. Thirty-eight participants were selected, which 19 participants assigned in the experiment and control group. The Medical Research Council (MRC) scale was used to measure the lower and upper muscle strengths.Results: There was a significant difference between the improvement of the upper muscle strength in the experimental group and the control group at day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (p = 0.010, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000); and there was a significant difference between the improvement of the lower extremity muscle strength in the experimental group and the control group at day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (p=0.023, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000).Conclusion: The 14 points acupressure is effective in increasing upper and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke.

scholarly journals Effects of Cognitive Sensory Motor Training on Lower Extremity Muscle Strength and Balance in Post Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-649
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hun Kim ◽  
Sang-Hun Jang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Balance Ability

Background: Sensory motor impairment, the most common neuromuscular condition in stroke patients, often contributes to muscle weakness and imbalance. Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of cognitive sensory-motor training (CSMT) on the muscle strength and balance ability in post-stroke patients. Methods: Thirty-five participants after stroke were randomly assigned to the CSMT (n = 17) or control group (n = 18). All participants received 30 min of training each time, five times per week, for six weeks. Lower extremity muscle strength of tibialis anterior (LEMTA) was evaluated using a digital muscular dynamometer. The Medical Research Council (MRC) scale was used to evaluate muscle strengths of the hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint. For balance ability test, the center of pressure (COP) movement distance and limited of stability (LOS) were measured using BioRescue. Results: LEMTA, MRC scale, balance ability were significantly more improved in the CSMT group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CSMT is beneficial and effective for improving muscle strength of the lower extremity and balance ability of post-stroke patients.

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