Quantification of Training Load and Training Response for Improving Athletic Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill I. Campbell ◽  
Daniel Bove ◽  
Patrick Ward ◽  
Andres Vargas ◽  
Jeff Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Response ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals Relationships Between Training Load, Sleep Duration, and Daily Well-Being and Recovery Measures in Youth Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sawczuk ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
Sean Scantlebury ◽  
Kevin Till
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
And Training

Purpose:To assess the relationships between training load, sleep duration, and 3 daily well-being, recovery, and fatigue measures in youth athletes.Methods:Fifty-two youth athletes completed 3 maximal countermovement jumps (CMJs), a daily well-being questionnaire (DWB), the perceived recovery status scale (PRS), and provided details on their previous day’s training loads (training) and self-reported sleep duration (sleep) on 4 weekdays over a 7-week period. Partial correlations, linear mixed models, and magnitude-based inferences were used to assess the relationships between the predictor variables (training and sleep) and the dependent variables (CMJ, DWB, and PRS).Results:There was no relationship between CMJ and training (r = −.09; ±.06) or sleep (r = .01; ±.06). The DWB was correlated with sleep (r = .28; ±.05, small), but not training (r = −.05; ±.06). The PRS was correlated with training (r = −.23; ±.05, small), but not sleep (r = .12; ±.06). The DWB was sensitive to low sleep (d = −0.33; ±0.11) relative to moderate; PRS was sensitive to high (d = −0.36; ±0.11) and low (d = 0.29; ±0.17) training relative to moderate.Conclusions:The PRS is a simple tool to monitor the training response, but DWB may provide a greater understanding of the athlete’s overall well-being. The CMJ was not associated with the training or sleep response in this population.

Relationship of Training Load to Training Response During High Intensity and Continuous Cycle Training

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Harbin ◽  
Carl Foster ◽  
John P. Porcari ◽  
Scott T. Doberstein ◽  
Courtney Farland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Cycle Training ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals The association between training load indices and upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in elite soccer players

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110204
Author(s):  
Caoimhe Tiernan ◽  
Thomas Comyns ◽  
Mark Lyons ◽  
Alan M Nevill ◽  
Giles Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Load Indices ◽  
And Training

This study aimed to investigate the association between training load indices and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) across different lag periods in elite soccer players. Internal training load was collected from 15 elite soccer players over one full season (40 weeks). Acute, chronic, Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR), Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages (EWMA) ACWR, 2, 3 and 4-week cumulative load, training strain and training monotony were calculated on a rolling weekly basis. Players completed a daily illness log, documenting any signs and symptoms, to help determine an URTI. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between training load indices and URTIs across different lag periods (1 to 7-days). The results found a significant association between 2-week cumulative load and an increased likelihood of a player contracting an URTI 3 days later (Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence Interval: OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 0.026-1.431). Additionally, a significant association was found between 3-week cumulative load and a players’ increased risk of contracting an URTI 4 days later (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 0.013–1.006). These results indicate that accumulated periods of high training load (2- and 3-week) associated with an increased risk of a player contracting an URTI, which may lead to performance decrements, missed training sessions or even competitions.

scholarly journals Two Training-Load Paradoxes: Can We Work Harder and Smarter, Can Physical Preparation and Medical Be Teammates?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (s2) ◽  
pp. S2-50-S2-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Gabbett ◽  
Rod Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Physical Preparation

The authors have observed that in professional sporting organizations the staff responsible for physical preparation and medical care typically practice in relative isolation and display tension as regards their attitudes toward training-load prescription (much more and much less training, respectively). Recent evidence shows that relatively high chronic training loads, when they are appropriately reached, are associated with reduced injury risk and better performance. Understanding this link between performance and training loads removes this tension but requires a better understanding of the relationship between the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and its association with performance and injury. However, there remain many questions in the area of ACWR, and we are likely at an early stage of our understanding of these parameters and their interrelationships. This opinion paper explores these themes and makes recommendations for improving performance through better synergies in support-staff approaches. Furthermore, aspects of the ACWR that remain to be clarified—the role of shared decision making, risk:benefit estimation, and clearer accountability—are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Behavior, Perception of Threat, Stress and Training Patterns of Olympic and Paralympic Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12780
Author(s):  
María José Martínez-Patiño ◽  
Francisco Javier Blas Lopez ◽  
Michel Dubois ◽  
Eric Vilain ◽  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
And Training

Background: The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent confinement on behaviors, perception of threat, stress, state of mind and training patterns among Olympic and Paralympic level athletes. Methods: Data gathering was performed utilizing an online questionnaire during imposed confinement. A correlational design with incidental sampling for convenience was used. All the variables were analyzed by age, gender, academic training, type of participation and sport specialty on a population composed of 447 Olympic (age: 26.0 ± 7.5 years) and 64 Paralympic (age: 28.4 ± 10.5 years) athletes. Results: The athletes trained more than twice as many hours before than during confinement. Most of the athletes recognized that their best athletic performance diminished due to the COVID-19 confinement but that will recover after the pandemic and its confinements. Almost half of the athletes declared they were more tired than normal and had difficulty sleeping, while more than half ate more or less as usual. Paralympic athletes reported they felt more capable to cope with personal problems and life events and felt less lonely during the confinement than the Olympians. The athletes from team sports reported to be more affected in their training routine than athletes of individual sports, seeing their athletic performance more affected. Athletes in individual sports felt more able to cope with personal problems than athletes in team sports. Female athletes were significantly more tired and reported more difficulty sleeping than male athletes. Conclusion: The situation caused by COVID-19 has had significant effects on the behavior, perception of threat, stress and training patterns of Olympic and Paralympic athletes preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. It is necessary that sports institutions reinforce mechanisms of help for athletes during future situations of confinement.

Technical and Tactical Training Load in Professional Volleyball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1338-1343
Author(s):  
Thiago S. Duarte ◽  
Danilo L. Alves ◽  
Danilo R. Coimbra ◽  
Bernardo Miloski ◽  
João C. Bouzas Marins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
Training Impulse ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

Purpose: To analyze the technical and tactical training load in professional volleyball players, using subjective internal training load (session rating of perceived exertion  [SRPE]) and objective internal training load (training impulse of the heart rate [HR]) and the relationship between them. Methods: The sample was composed of 15 male professional volleyball players. They were monitored during 37 training sessions that included both technical (n = 23) and tactical (n = 14) training. Technical and training load was calculated using SRPE and training impulse of the HR. Results: Significant correlations were found between the methods in tactical (r = .616) and technical training (r = −.414). Furthermore, it was noted that technical training occurs up to 80% of HRmax (zone 3) and tactical training between 70% and 90% of HRmax (zones 3–4). Conclusions: The training impulse of the HR method has proved to be effective for training-load control during tactical training. However, it was limited compared with technical training. Thus, the use of SRPE is presented as a more reliable method in the different types of technical training in volleyball.

scholarly journals A season long investigation into the effects of injury, match selection and training load on mental wellbeing in professional under 23 soccer players: A team case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1250-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Abbott ◽  
Thomas E. Brownlee ◽  
Liam D. Harper ◽  
Robert J. Naughton ◽  
Andy Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Overuse Shoulder Injuries in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Tooth ◽  
Amandine Gofflot ◽  
Cédric Schwartz ◽  
Jean-Louis Croisier ◽  
Charlotte Beaudart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
And Training

Context: Shoulder injuries are highly prevalent in sports involving the upper extremity. Some risk factors have been identified in the literature, but consensus is still lacking. Objectives: To identify risk factors of overuse shoulder injury in overhead athletes, as described in the literature. Data Sources: A systematic review of the literature from the years 1970 to 2018 was performed using 2 electronic databases: PubMed and Scopus. Study Selection: Prospective studies, written in English, that described at least 1 risk factor associated with overuse shoulder injuries in overhead sports (volleyball, handball, basketball, swimming, water polo, badminton, baseball, and tennis) were considered for analysis. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Data were extracted from 25 studies. Study methodology quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score. Results: Intrinsic factors, previous injury, range of motion (lack or excess), and rotator cuff weakness (isometric and isokinetic) highly increase the risk of future injuries. Additionally, years of athletic practice, body mass index, sex, age, and level of play seem to have modest influence. As for the effect of scapular dysfunction on shoulder injuries, it is still controversial, though these are typically linked. Extrinsic factors, field position, condition of practice (match/training), time of season, and training load also have influence on the occurrence of shoulder injuries. Conclusion: Range of motion, rotator cuff muscle weakness, and training load are important modifiable factors associated with shoulder injuries. Scapular dysfunction may also have influence. The preventive approach for shoulder injury should focus on these factors.

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