scholarly journals A Coastal Flood Event Database for the Southeastern Georgia and Southeastern South Carolina Coast and the Operational Implementation of a Tide Forecast Tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Blair S. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Coastal Flood ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
History Of

Coastal flooding occurs when saltwater inundates normally dry land and the resulting impacts can range from minor flooding of low-lying areas along the coast, to significant damage to property and structures. Previous research consistently suggests that if sea-level rise continues to increase along the East Coast of the United States, coastal flooding will occur more frequently. In order to document the history of coastal flooding along the southeastern Georgia and southeastern South Carolina coast, a coastal flood event database was created for National Ocean Service tide gauges located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina and Fort Pulaski, Georgia. Trends from the data show that coastal flooding is occurring more frequently with time at both tide gauges, particularly over the last five to ten years. Because of the increased frequency and worsening impacts of tidal flooding, a tide forecast tool is implemented operationally in an effort to improve deterministic tide forecasts. This study extends the dataset used in the Charleston Harbor forecast tool, expands the tool to Fort Pulaski, and compares the synoptic category forecast equations to an all-inclusive equation that does not differentiate by synoptic category. Results show that there is virtually no difference in the forecast accuracy between the all-inclusive forecast equation and the specific forecast equations based on synoptic category. Furthermore, the all-inclusive forecast equation can be implemented operationally, will help improve deterministic tide forecasts, and will likely aid in the decision-making process for Coastal Flood Watches, Warnings, and Advisories issued by the National Weather Service office in Charleston, South Carolina.

All for Liberty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Strickland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
American South ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Slave Rebellion ◽  
Slave Revolt ◽  
History Of

Jeff Strickland tells the powerful story of Nicholas Kelly, the enslaved craftsman who led the Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion, the largest slave revolt in the history of the antebellum American South. With two accomplices, some sledgehammers, and pickaxes, Nicholas risked his life and helped thirty-six fellow enslaved people escape the workhouse where they had been sent by their enslavers to be tortured. While Nat Turner, Gabriel Prosser, and Denmark Vesey remain the most recognizable rebels, the pivotal role of Nicholas Kelly is often forgotten. All for Liberty centers his rebellion as a decisive moment leading up to the secession of South Carolina from the United States in 1861. This compelling micro-history navigates between Nicholas's story and the Age of Atlantic Revolutions, while also considering the parallels between race and incarceration in the nineteenth century and in modern America. Never before has the story of Nicholas Kelly been so eloquently told.

Global Citizen, Immigrant, Survivor, Activist, Gayby Boomer, Academic, and Editor: Dr. Sy and the History of AIDS Education and Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Jesus Ramirez-Valles
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Aids Education ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Platform ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

In this 30th anniversary of AIDS Education and Prevention, we turn our attention to its founder and editor, Dr. Francisco Sy. I trace Dr. Sy's trajectory, from growing up in a Filipino-Chinese family in Manila to Harvard, Johns Hopkins, South Carolina, and then to the journal. The loss of friends and colleagues to the AIDS epidemic stands out as Sy's driving force behind the journal. AIDS Education and Prevention was also created to fill a tremendous gap in the field: a scientific platform to circulate and discuss research on HIV and AIDS prevention. Over its life course, the content of the journal has mirrored the life of epidemic. Initially, the articles focused on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, mostly in the United States. Now, the articles deal with health interventions and pre-exposure prophylaxis, with authors coming from all over the globe. In Sy's opinion, HIV will become endemic, as other infectious diseases have over our history of epidemics, so the role of journals such as AIDS Education and Prevention will remain vital.

Free the Land

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Onaci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

On March 31, 1968, over 500 Black nationalists convened in Detroit to begin the process of securing independence from the United States. Many concluded that Black Americans' best remaining hope for liberation was the creation of a sovereign nation-state, the Republic of New Afrika (RNA). New Afrikan citizens traced boundaries that encompassed a large portion of the South--including South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana--as part of their demand for reparation. As champions of these goals, they framed their struggle as one that would allow the descendants of enslaved people to choose freely whether they should be citizens of the United States. New Afrikans also argued for financial restitution for the enslavement and subsequent inhumane treatment of Black Americans. The struggle to "Free the Land" remains active to this day. This book is the first to tell the full history of the RNA and the New Afrikan Independence Movement. Edward Onaci shows how New Afrikans remade their lifestyles and daily activities to create a self-consciously revolutionary culture, and it argues that the RNA's tactics and ideology were essential to the evolution of Black political struggles. Onaci expands the story of Black Power politics, shedding new light on the long-term legacies of mid-century Black Nationalism.

Amending Procedure of the Federal Constitution

1916 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Tanger
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
First Time

The development of government on American soil presents, as one of its features, the embodiment in its fundamental law of provisions for its modification. The early colonial charters kept alive the fiction that a form of government once established was supposed by its creators to last forever. Only the slow change of custom or the violence of a revolution could modify or destroy such a system of government, except, as in the case of the charters granted by the crown, a modification came as a consequence of the exercise of the royal prerogative.In the Frame of Government drawn up by Penn and his colonists in 1683, appeared an amending provision for the first time in the history of written constitutions; and while all subsequent Pennsylvania charters contained a similar provision, the other colonial charters presented no method whatever for their alteration. Prior to the drafting of the Constitution of the United States, however, a method of amendment was embodied in the state constitutions of Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Georgia, Vermont, South Carolina, and also in the Articles of Confederation.

scholarly journals COLONIAL PIPELINE ENOREE RIVER OIL SPILL: A CASE HISTORY1

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Arthur B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Primary Water ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT In December 1991, a pipeline ruptured near Fountain Inn, South Carolina, resulting in the release of approximately 13,000 barrels of No. 2 fuel oil to the inland surface water system. Over 18 miles of Durbin Creek and the Enoree River were seriously impacted by the spill, one of the largest inland oil discharges in the United States in 1991. As a result of the spill, primary water supply intakes for the towns of Clinton (population 8,500) and Whitmire (population 2,000) remained closed until the appropriate level of water quality for consumption could be restored. These towns are located about 30 miles and 50 miles respectively, from the site of the pipeline rupture. The Environmental Protection Agency Region IV on-scene coordinator and the U. S. Coast Guard Strike Team responded to the scene and directed the pipeline company's cleanup efforts over a five-day period, which resulted in recovery of more than 95 percent of the spilled product. This paper presents a case history of the spill response, highlighting significant events, findings, and decisions which were instrumental in achieving a rapid and effective cleanup, and giving particular emphasis to the role of the regional response team (RRT), which was activated during this release. The response and lessons learned from this spill were evaluated, and the resulting recommendations are offered for consideration in handling future events of this magnitude.

Developing impact-based thresholds for coastal inundation from tide gauge observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben S. Hague ◽  
Bradley F. Murphy ◽  
David A. Jones ◽  
Andy J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Coastal Inundation ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Flood ◽  
Flood Warnings

This study presents the first assessment of the observed frequency of the impacts of high sea levels at locations along Australia’s northern coastline. We used a new methodology to systematically define impact-based thresholds for coastal tide gauges, utilising reports of coastal inundation from diverse sources. This method permitted a holistic consideration of impact-producing relative sea-level extremes without attributing physical causes. Impact-based thresholds may also provide a basis for the development of meaningful coastal flood warnings, forecasts and monitoring in the future. These services will become increasingly important as sea-level rise continues.The frequency of high sea-level events leading to coastal flooding increased at all 21 locations where impact-based thresholds were defined. Although we did not undertake a formal attribution, this increase was consistent with the well-documented rise in global sea levels. Notably, tide gauges from the south coast of Queensland showed that frequent coastal inundation was already occurring. At Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast, impact-based thresholds were being exceeded on average 21.6 and 24.3 h per year respectively. In the case of Brisbane, the number of hours of inundation annually has increased fourfold since 1977.

On the History of Recording Tide Gauges

1972 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Matthäus
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

SynopsisRecords of water levels date from the first hydrospheric observations. The levels of inland and coastal waters are recorded with the use of tide gauges of various types and construction. The float-level gauge, however, is by far the most frequently used.The oldest self-recording tide gauge was constructed by Henry R. Palmer, civil engineer of the London Dock Company, in 1831. A float resting on the water is placed in a well communicating with the river. The motion of the water surface is transmitted to the recording machine by wheels and shafts which act on a pencil rack. As the water level rises and falls, by the combined motions of a clock and the tide the pencil produces a line as a function of time.Even today this principle is still used for float-level gauges. It represents the basis of the modern tide gauges for observing sea levels and their variations.In 1831 we find another construction by Mitchell, which was erected in the Sheerness dockyard. A few years later Thomas G. Bunt developed a tide gauge, which was used on the eastern bank of the river Avon near Bristol from 1837 to 1872.In 1834 the first self-recording gauge was erected in France, near Le Havre. On the other continents the first installations were established in Algiers (1834), in the United States and in India (1846), and in Australia (1858)An installation in Hamburg (1861), which was developed by F. H. Reitz the engineer, is identified as the first German construction.In 1870 fifteen tide gauges were known on the shores of the European continent (except the British Isles). By 1883 Carlos Ibañez was using information from approximately 67 tide gauge stations for the determination of the mean sea level around the European mainland. Today we find more than 300 installations in Europe, about three-quarters of which are working in north-western European waters and in the Baltic.

History, Politics, and Health in Early American Thought: The Case of David Ramsay

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Friedman ◽  
Arthur H. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Early American ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

In 1785 physician-politician David Ramsay of Charleston published The History of the Revolution of South Carolina. Contemporaries praised it highly. Four years later Ramsay produced a more ambitious work, The History of the American Revolution. It established his reputation both in America and abroad as the new nation's leading historian. Thus in a few short years Ramsay went from a locally prominent physician and State legislator to an important national cultural and literary figure. The American reading public found his approach to history to its tastes. He expressed a set of ideas about American history in general and the Revolution in particular that were common currency in the United States. But he expressed them for the first time in well-reasoned and documented historical narrative: in volumes that were suitably pro-American, yet judicious in their treatment of Britain, that made a strong case for American uniqueness while maintaining the ideal of the United States as a model for the world.Ramsay's histories alone would attract our interest as the first and most influential historical analysis of the American Revolution and the ratification of the Federal Constitution. But Ramsay's writings and his career as physician and politician are also significant because they launch us upon a journey into the mind of one of the new nation's most articulate spokesmen on historical, political, and medical issues. There is, to be sure, little in the general pattern of his life to distinguish him from a number of his contemporaries among the professions and political figures of second rank. Ramsay seldom formulated original ideas. His importance was not simply, or even primarily, that of a political or historical philosopher or medical innovator.

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