Measurement of Total Soil Suction Using Filter Paper: Investigation of Common Filter Papers, Alternative Media, and Corresponding Confidence

In this study, a polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI)-assisted approach was developed to generate well-distributed PDA/PEI/silver (PDA/PEI/Ag) nanocomplexes on the surfaces of commercial cellulose filter papers to achieve substantial bacterial reduction under gravity-driven filtration. PDA can bind to cellulose paper and act as a reducer to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), while PEI can react with oxidative dopamine and act as a dispersant to avoid the aggregation of AgNPs. The successful immobilization of PDA/PEI/Ag nanocomplexes was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used as pathogen models to test the efficacy of the PDA/PEI/Ag nanocomplex-incorporated filter papers. The PDA/PEI/Ag nanocomplex-incorporated filter papers provided a substantial bacterial removal of up to 99% by simple gravity filtration. This work may be useful to develop a feasible industrial production process for the integration of biocidal AgNPs into cellulose filter paper and is recommended as a local-condition water-treatment technology to treat microbial-contaminated drinking water.

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Total soil suction regimes near trees in a semi-arid environment

Unsaturated Soils for Asia ◽

10.1201/9781003078616-132 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 739-744

Author(s):

D.A. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Arid Environment ◽

Soil Suction ◽

Total Soil ◽

Semi Arid

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Hydrophobic and Oleophilic Filter Paper for Oil/Water Separation

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.798.385 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 798 ◽

pp. 385-390

Author(s):

Sunisa Jindasuwan ◽

Sitthisuntorn Supothina

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Free Energy ◽

Surface Free Energy ◽

Water Contact Angle ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Selective Removal ◽

Water Contact ◽

Water Separation ◽

Filter Papers

The separation of oil from water is significance for environmental de-pollution application. To obtain selectivity of liquid, filter papers were coated to bear highly hydrophobic and oleophilic functionality that can allow only oils to pass through them. The coating solutions were prepared by mixing poly(methylhydro siloxane, PMHS) and fumed silica at various proportions. To determine an optimum coating condition, properties of the treated filter papers were investigated by measuring water contact angle and surface free energy, examining surface morphology and testing for selective removal of diesel oil from water. The optimum coating solution was at the PMHS:fumed silica weight ratio of 1.25:1.00. The treated filter paper exhibited high hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 142.80 ± 0.36 degrees and surface free energy of 0.78 mJ/m2. In addition, it exhibited high selective removal of diesel oil from water with oil absorption capacity of 2.3 g/g.

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Colorimetric Measurement of Glycosylated Protein in Whole Blood, Red Blood Cells, Plasma and Dried Blood

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328402100606 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 477-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

J Eross ◽

D Kreutzmann ◽

M Jimenez ◽

R Keen ◽

S Rogers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Patient Acceptance ◽

Colorimetric Measurement ◽

Filter Papers

A colorimetric method for the measurement of whole-blood glycosylation (WBG), glycosylated haemoglobin in red blood cells (GHb), glycosylated plasma protein (GPP) and dried-blood glycosylation (DBG) is described which is rapid, inexpensive and precise. GHb correlated well with HbA1 measured by cation-exchange chromatography and was also correlated with WBG, DBG and GPP. DBG, which showed good correlation with GHb, could be measured on several drops of blood dried on filter paper treated with glucose oxidase. Filter papers are posted to the laboratory prior to clinic visits, and by having the DBG result available more rational diabetic management is possible. For DBG, the intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation at three levels is less than 6%. Reference values in non-diabetic children have been calculated and are compared with values obtained in ‘good’ clinical diabetic control and in ‘fair’ control. The filter-paper assay DBG method has a high degree of patient acceptance.

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The Effect of Contact on the Filter Paper Method for Measuring Soil Suction

Geotechnical Testing Journal ◽

10.1520/gtj103571 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 103571 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. D. Suits ◽

T. C. Sheahan ◽

Fernando A. M. Marinho ◽

Jorge E. da Silva Gomes

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Soil Suction ◽

Filter Paper Method ◽

Paper Method

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Sweating rate and the electrolyte content of skin secretions of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cross-bred cows

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600025028 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 397-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

K. G. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Lumbar Region ◽

Sweating Rate ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Electrolyte Content ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Filter Papers ◽

Sodium And Potassium

SUMMARYSweating rate and the electrolyte content of secretions from the skin of cattle have been measured on five Bos taurus and five B. indicus cross-bred cows by absorbing secretions into filter papers under polythene disks applied to shaved skin areas on the shoulder, sacral and lumbar regions for 5 min. The increase in weight of the filter paper was taken as a measure of sweating rate and the distilled water eluate from the filter paper was analysed for sodium and potassium. Animals were exposed for 4 h to air temperatures of 20–45 °C at 30% r.h., and for 5–7 h to air temperatures of 40 and 45 °C at 40% r.h. Estimated sweating rates were low by comparison with previously reported values, probably due to rising levels of humidity under the polythene disks during exposure to the skin. B. indicus cross-bred cows had higher sweating rates than B. taurus cows at high air temperatures but the difference between the groups was not significant statistically. Sweating rates were generally highest on the shoulder and lowest on the lumbar region.The amounts of sodium and potassium recovered from filter papers were small and very variable at low air temperatures but increased significantly with air temperature (P < 0·01). No significant differences in the amounts of electrolyte recovered from filter papers were recorded between the species groups or between different sites of collection. The secretions from cattle skin at high ambient temperatures contained at least four to five times as much potassium as sodium. Total sodium and potassium loss through the skin of these experimental animals at the highest ambient temperatures was estimated to be no more than 1–3 % of the sodium and potassium intake in the feed. Absorbing sweat on to filter paper as a method of measuring sweating rate and sweat composition is rather less satisfactory for use with cattle than with man.

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