The Effects of Sulfuric Acid on Calcium Carbonate Filled PVC Sewer Pipe Compounds

2009 ◽  
pp. 167-167-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Hawkins ◽  
TR Mass
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sewer Pipe

Sulfuric Acid Attack on Concrete Sewer Pipe

1970 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1167-1182
Author(s):  
Alvin H. Meyer ◽  
William B. Ledbetter
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sewer Pipe ◽  
Acid Attack

Properties of Hard Rubber. XIV. Influence of Some Ingredients on Surface Deterioration in Sunlight

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-759
Author(s):  
H. F. Church ◽  
L. H. N. Cooper ◽  
H. A. Daynes
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Barium Sulfate ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Surface Resistivity ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Inert Filler ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Insulating Properties

Abstract Experiments have been made to find to what extent ingredients capable of reacting with sulfuric acid to form insoluble sulfates can prevent the loss of insulating properties of hard rubber on exposure to daylight. Hard rubbers containing small and large percentages of calcium and barium carbonates and litharge have been tested, along with a comparable unloaded material and one containing an inert filler, barium sulfate. In no case was there a substantial improvement. Although the basic fillers gave better results than the inert filler, the samples containing them were inferior to the unloaded sample. The partial recovery of insulating properties on removal from light after a low surface resistivity has been reached has been investigated. Appreciable recovery took place in all cases, but this was most marked with the sample containing calcium carbonate. It was anticipated that the basic ingredients examined would to some extent prevent the undesirable effects of acid forma- tion in cases where the exposure to light was not continuous or so severe as bright north daylight. Further experiments on this point are recommended. The value of benzidine as an ingredient which forms an insoluble sulfate was tested by treating the surface of hard rubber with aqueous and benzene solutions of this material. Appreciable improvement was observed in each case. Attempts to prepare vulcanizates containing benzidine or derivatives of it having the same protective effect were unsuccessful.

scholarly journals Study on Strength and Microstructure of Cement Pastes Containing Limestone Powder under Flowing Acid Solution Condition

ISRN Ceramics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shuhua Liu ◽  
Lihua Li ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Jiafeng Wang ◽  
Meijuan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Acid Attack ◽  
Cement Pastes

Different cement pastes containing limestone powder were prepared and soaked, respectively, in flowing acetic acid solution with pH value of 4 and sulfuric acid solution with pH value of 2. The strength and microstructure of the pastes after different flowing acid attack periods were investigated by using strength test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques in this study, which reveals the effect of limestone powder on flowing acid resistance mechanism of cement paste. Testing results show that the strength of pastes suffered flowing acid attack decreases with the increase of water-binder ratio and the content of limestone powder. In flowing acetic acid solution, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate react with acetic acid, which therefore made deterioration of pastes proceed from the exterior to the interior. In flowing sulfuric acid solution, although calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate could react with sulfuric acid and form gypsum, the flowing liquid would dissolve it out and thus the crystallization of gypsum was difficult which would somewhat inhibit the swell of pastes.

scholarly journals Decreased of Psycologic Problem during Pandemic Sars-Covid 2 in the Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ideisan I Abu-Abdoun
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Soil Filtration

Calcareous soil that contains enough free calcium carbonate to effervesce visibly, releasing carbon-dioxide gas, when treated with diluted sulfuric acid. Analysis of calcareous soil in Jordan valley after treatment with aqueous low concentration sulfuric acid shows some change in the physical prosperities of the soil such as reduction of calcium carbonate from 66% to 30%, soil density from 1.60 g/cm3 to 1.19 g/cm3 . Soil texture is convert from silt clay loam to silt loam this physical changing makes soil permeability is easier so it could be suitable for agricultural without effect in plant growth also we show reduce soil PH and increasing in soil filtration tare. We showed several changes in the plants, which planted in the treated soil by sulfuric acid as increasing in the product from 10 - 25 %, would reduce in using chemical fertilizers from 15-30% and absence of soil diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Adding Dilute Sulphuric Acid on Calcareous Soil Properties in Jordan Valley

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ideisan I Abu-Abdoun
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Soil Filtration

Calcareous soil that contains enough free calcium carbonate to effervesce visibly, releasing carbon-dioxide gas, when treated with diluted sulfuric acid. Analysis of calcareous soil in Jordan valley after treatment with aqueous low concentration sulfuric acid shows some change in the physical prosperities of the soil such as reduction of calcium carbonate from 66% to 30%, soil density from 1.60 g/cm3 to 1.19 g/cm3 . Soil texture is convert from silt clay loam to silt loam this physical changing makes soil permeability is easier so it could be suitable for agricultural without effect in plant growth also we show reduce soil PH and increasing in soil filtration tare. We showed several changes in the plants, which planted in the treated soil by sulfuric acid as increasing in the product from 10 - 25 %, would reduce in using chemical fertilizers from 15-30% and absence of soil diseases.

Preparation of Thin Cadmium Telluride Samples for Electron Microscope Studies

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
T. J. Magee ◽  
J. Peng ◽  
J. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solid State Devices

Cadmium telluride has become increasingly important in a number of technological applications, particularly in the area of laser-optical components and solid state devices, Microstructural characterizations of the material have in the past been somewhat limited because of the lack of suitable sample preparation and thinning techniques. Utilizing a modified jet thinning apparatus and a potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid thinning solution, a procedure has now been developed for obtaining thin contamination-free samples for TEM examination.

Physical, Chemical, and Crystallographic Characterization of Anodic Coatings on High Strength Aluminum Base Alloys

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert ◽  
N. T. McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Anodic Films ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Adhesive Bonded Joints

Durability of adhesive bonded joints in moisture and salt spray environments is essential to USAF aircraft. Structural bonding technology for aerospace applications has depended for many years on the preparation of aluminum surfaces by a sulfuric acid/sodium dichromate (FPL etch) treatment. Recently, specific thin film anodizing techniques, phosphoric acid, and chromic acid anodizing have been developed which not only provide good initial bond strengths but vastly improved environmental durability. These thin anodic films are in contrast to the commonly used thick anodic films such as the sulfuric acid or "hard" sulfuric acid anodic films which are highly corrosion resistant in themselves, but which do not provide good initial bond strengths, particularly in low temperature peel.The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of anodic films on aluminum alloys that make them corrosion resistant. The chemical composition, physical morphology and structure, and mechanical properties of the thin oxide films were to be defined and correlated with the environmental stability of these surfaces in humidity and salt spray. It is anticipated that anodic film characteristics and corrosion resistance will vary with the anodizing processing conditions.

A TEM study of the microstructure of avian eggshells

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1102-1103
Author(s):  
S. Q. Xiao ◽  
S. Baden ◽  
A. H. Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Polycrystalline Metals ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms

The avian eggshell is one of the most rapidly mineralizing biological systems known. In situ, 5g of calcium carbonate are crystallized in less than 20 hrs to fabricate the shell. Although there have been much work about the formation of eggshells, controversy about the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the calcite crystals, and their texture in the eggshell, still remain unclear. In this report the microstructure and microchemistry of avian eggshells have been analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Fresh white and dry brown eggshells were broken and fixed in Karnosky's fixative (kaltitanden) for 2 hrs, then rinsed in distilled H2O. Small speckles of the eggshells were embedded in Spurr medium and thin sections were made ultramicrotome.The crystalline part of eggshells are composed of many small plate-like calcite grains, whose plate normals are approximately parallel to the shell surface. The sizes of the grains are about 0.3×0.3×1 μm3 (Fig.l). These grains are not as closely packed as man-made polycrystalline metals and ceramics, and small gaps between adjacent grains are visible indicating the absence of conventional grain boundaries.

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